Nutrient Intake and Gut Microbial Genera Changes after a 4-Week Placebo Controlled Galacto-Oligosaccharides Intervention in Young Females

Recent interest in the gut-brain-axis has highlighted the potential of prebiotics to impact wellbeing, and to affect behavioral change in humans. In this clinical trial, we examined the impact of four-weeks daily supplementation of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on self-reported nutrient intake and relationships on gut microbiota in a four-week two-armed parallel double-blind placebo controlled GOS supplement trial in young adult females. Food diaries and stool samples were collected prior to and following 28 days of supplement consumption. It was found that four weeks of GOS supplementation influenced macronutrient intake, as evident by reduced carbohydrate and sugars and increased fats intake. Further analysis showed that the reduction in carbohydrates was predicted by increasing abundances of Bifidobacterium in the GOS group in comparison to the placebo group. This suggests that Bifidobacterium increase via GOS supplementation may help improve the gut microbiota composition by altering the desire for specific types of carbohydrates and boosting Bifidobacterium availability when fiber intake is below recommended levels, without compromising appetite for fiber from food.

Download Full-text

A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02230-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christophe Lay ◽

Collins Wenhan Chu ◽

Rikky Wenang Purbojati ◽

Enzo Acerbi ◽

Daniela I. Drautz-Moses ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Reference Group ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽

Infant Gut Microbiome ◽

Stool Samples ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The compromised gut microbiome that results from C-section birth has been hypothesized as a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In a double-blind randomized controlled study, 153 infants born by elective C-section received an infant formula supplemented with either synbiotic, prebiotics, or unsupplemented from birth until 4 months old. Vaginally born infants were included as a reference group. Stool samples were collected from day 3 till week 22. Multi-omics were deployed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and nutrition on the development of the infant gut microbiome, and uncover putative biological mechanisms underlying the role of a compromised microbiome as a risk factor for NCD. Results As early as day 3, infants born vaginally presented a hypoxic and acidic gut environment characterized by an enrichment of strict anaerobes (Bifidobacteriaceae). Infants born by C-section presented the hallmark of a compromised microbiome driven by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae. This was associated with meta-omics signatures characteristic of a microbiome adapted to a more oxygen-rich gut environment, enriched with genes associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and depleted in genes involved in the metabolism of milk carbohydrates. The synbiotic formula modulated expression of microbial genes involved in (oligo)saccharide metabolism, which emulates the eco-physiological gut environment observed in vaginally born infants. The resulting hypoxic and acidic milieu prevented the establishment of a compromised microbiome. Conclusions This study deciphers the putative functional hallmarks of a compromised microbiome acquired during C-section birth, and the impact of nutrition that may counteract disturbed microbiome development. Trial registration The study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Number: 2838) on 4th April 2011.

Download Full-text

The Composition and Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Children Is Modifiable by the Household Dogs: Impact of a Canine-Specific Probiotic

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9030557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 557

Author(s):

Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽

Mira Forsgren ◽

Marta Selma-Royo ◽

Merja Nermes ◽

Maria Carmen Collado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Home Environment ◽

Double Blind ◽

Before And After ◽

Probiotic Intervention ◽

Probiotic Product ◽

Acid Producing Bacteria ◽

Double Blind Design ◽

To Receive ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The development of the infant gut microbiota is initiated during pregnancy and continued through early life and childhood, guided by the immediate environment of the child. Our aim was to characterize the shared microbiota between dogs and children as well as to determine whether introduction to dogs of a dog-specific probiotic combination modifies the transfer process. We studied 31 children from allergic families with pet dog(s) and 18 control families without a dog. Altogether 37 dogs were randomized for a 4-week period in a double-blind design to receive canine-derived probiotic product containing a mixture of L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus, or placebo. Fecal samples from children and dogs were taken before and after the treatment. Distinctive gut microbiota composition was observed in children with dogs compared to those without a dog, characterized by higher abundance of Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae. Probiotic intervention in dogs had an impact on the composition of the gut microbiota in both dogs and children, characterized by a reduction in Bacteroides. We provide evidence for a direct effect of home environment and household pets on children microbiota and document that modification of dog microbiota by specific probiotics is reflected in children’s microbiota.

Download Full-text

Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/s41390-021-01494-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Ainonen ◽

Mysore V Tejesvi ◽

Md. Rayhan Mahmud ◽

Niko Paalanne ◽

Tytti Pokka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

List Type ◽

Antibiotic Exposure ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

Antibiotic Courses ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is widely used, but the evidence of the long-term effects on the gut microbiota and subsequent health of children is limited. Here, we compared the impacts of perinatal antibiotic exposure and later courses of antibiotic courses on gut microbiota. Methods This was a prospective, controlled cohort study among 100 vaginally delivered infants with different perinatal antibiotic exposures: control (27), IAP (27), postnatal antibiotics (24), and IAP and postnatal antibiotics (22). At 1 year of age, we performed next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of fecal samples. Results Exposure to the perinatal antibiotics had a clear impact on the gut microbiota. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly higher in the control group, whereas the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was significantly lower in the control group. The impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than exposure to later courses of antibiotics (28% of participants). Conclusions Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the gut microbiota at the age of 1 year. The timing of the antibiotic exposure appears to be the critical factor for the changes observed in the gut microbiota. Impact Infants are commonly exposed to IAP and postnatal antibiotics, and later to courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Perinatal antibiotics have been associated with an altered gut microbiota during the first months of life, whereas the evidence regarding the long-term impact is more limited. Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the infant’s gut microbiota at 1 year of age. Impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than that of the later courses of antibiotics at the age of 1 year.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with TCM Qi-Yin Deficiency

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x21500786 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Jiabin Chen ◽

Sheng Wang ◽

Jianfei Shen ◽

Qinqin Hu ◽

Yongjun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Diagnostic Model ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Yin Deficiency ◽

16S Rna ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Tcm Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

In Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome (QY) is the most common Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in ADC patients with QY syndrome. 90 stool samples, including 30 healthy individuals (H), 30 ADC patients with QY syndrome, and 30 ADC patients with another syndrome (O) were collected. Then, 16s-RNA sequencing was used to analyze stool samples to clarify the structure of gut microbiota, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was applied to identify biomarkers for ADC with QY syndrome. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a diagnostic model for the diagnosis of QY syndrome in ADC patients, which was assessed with the AUC. Finally, 20 fecal samples (QY: 10; O: 10) were analyzed with Metagenomics to validate the diagnostic model. The [Formula: see text] diversity and [Formula: see text] diversity demonstrated that the structure of gut microbiota in the QY group was different from that of the H group and O group. In the QY group, the top 3 taxonomies at phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and at genus level were Faecalibacterium, Prevotella_9, and Bifidobacterium. LEfSe identified Prevotella_9 and Streptococcus might be the biomarkers for QY syndrome. A diagnostic model was constructed using those 2 genera with the AUC = 0.801, similar to the AUC based on Metagenomics (0.842). The structure of gut microbiota in ADC patients with QY syndrome was investigated, and a diagnostic model was developed for the diagnosis of QY syndrome in ADC patients, which provides a novel idea for the understanding and diagnosis of TCM syndrome.

Download Full-text

Changes in the gut microbiota of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2021-0043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alev Kural ◽

Imran Khan ◽

Hakan Seyit ◽

Tuba R Caglar ◽

Pınar Toklu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Before And After ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Aims: Permanent treatment of morbid obesity with medication or diet is nearly impossible. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a widely accepted treatment option. This study profiled and compared gut microbiota composition before and after LSG. Methods & results: A total of 54 stool samples were collected from 27 morbidly obese individuals before and after LSG. The gut microbiota was profiled with 16S amplicon sequencing. After LSG, patients demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in BMI and an increase in bacterial diversity. An increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also noticed after LSG. The families Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae predominated in preoperative samples but were markedly lowered after LSG. A marked increase in Akkermansia, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides was observed after LSG. Conclusion: In addition to lowering BMI, LSG remodeled gut microbiota composition.

Download Full-text

Dissecting the Role of the Gut Microbiota and Diet on Visceral Fat Mass Accumulation (OR31-07-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz037.or31-07-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Le Roy ◽

Ruth Bowyer ◽

Claire Steves ◽

Tim Spector ◽

Bell Jordana

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Random Forest ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Accumulation of visceral fat mass (VFM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Both gut microbiota and diet have been shown to impact host adiposity in an interdependent manner, but the exact nature of their joint contributions has not been characterised. Here, we aimed to estimate and separate the effect of gut microbiota composition from that of nutrient intake on host VFM in of 1760 older female twins. Methods The gut microbiome profile was assessed by 16S sequencing. VFM was measured by DEXA whole body scan and nutrient intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires. We used a combination of pair-wise associations, random forest modelling and mediation analysis to separate the effect of the gut microbiota and nutrients on VFM. Results Pairwise analyses revealed that 93 OTUs and 10 nutrients were significantly linked to VFM. Five of the 10 nutrients (fibre, trans fatty acids, magnesium, vitamin E and biotin) were also associated with 23% of the 93 VFM-associated OTUs. To separate the effects of the gut microbiota from nutrients on VFM we carried out conditional analyses. We observed that the majority (87%) of the 93 OTUs remained significantly associated with VFM irrespective of nutrient intake correction. In contrast, we observed that fibre, magnesium, biotin and vitamin E were no longer significantly associated with VFM when adjusting models for OTUs (P > 0.05), implying a role of the gut microbiota in mediating these nutrient effects on VFM. Formal mediation analysis revealed that the individual effect of fibre, biotin, magnesium and vitamin E on VFM were mediated at 69, 43, 41 and 31% respectively by OTUs. Moreover, we estimated that accumulated effect of OTUs on VFM (R2 = 0.19) was twice the one of nutrients (R2 = 0.11) and so were their prediction potential determined using random forest classification. Conclusions Our results suggest that while the role of certain nutrients on VFM appears to depend on gut microbiota composition, specific gut microbes may affect host adiposity regardless of dietary intake. The findings imply that the gut microbiota may have a greater contribution towards shaping host adiposity and VFM, compared to diet alone. Funding Sources We gratefully acknowledge support provided by the JPI HDHL funded DINAMIC consortium (administered by the MRC UK, MR/N030125/1). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Download Full-text

Effects of aronia berry (poly)phenols on vascular function and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adult men

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 316-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Geoffrey Istas ◽

Eleanor Wood ◽

Melanie Le Sayec ◽

Claudia Rawlings ◽

Jeeyoung Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Double Blind ◽

Phenolic Metabolites ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Aronia melanocarpa is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Previous research has demonstrated that these berries may provide cardiovascular health benefits in high-risk populations. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of daily consumption of dietary achievable amounts of the berries in healthy subjects. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aronia berries on vascular function and gut microbiota composition in a healthy population. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel designed study was conducted in 66 healthy men randomly allocated to consume a (poly)phenol-rich extract (116 mg, 75 g berries), a whole fruit powder (12 mg, 10 g berries), or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum biochemistry were assessed. Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing in stool samples. Results Consumption of aronia whole fruit and extract powder for 12 wk led to a significant increase in FMD over control of 0.9% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.72%) and 1.2% ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.36%, 1.97%), respectively. Acute improvements in FMD were also observed 2 h after consumption of aronia extract on day 1 (1.1% ± 0.3%, P = 0.003) and 12 wk later (1.5% ± 0.4%, P = 0.0001). Circulating plasma phenolic metabolites increased upon consumption of the aronia treatments. Although no changes were found in gut microbiota diversity, consumption of aronia extract increased the growth of Anaerostipes (+10.6%, P = 0.01), whereas aronia whole fruit showed significant increases in Bacteroides (+193%, P = 0.01). Correlation analysis identified significant associations between changes in FMD, aronia-derived phenolic metabolites, and specific gut microbial genera. Conclusions In healthy men, consumption of aronia berry (poly)phenols improved endothelial function and modulated gut microbiota composition, indicating that regular aronia consumption has the potential to maintain cardiovascular health in individuals at low risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at CLINICALTRIALs.gov as NCT03041961.

Download Full-text

Effects of Rich in Β-Glucans Edible Mushrooms on Aging Gut Microbiota Characteristics: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25122806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2806 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evdokia K. Mitsou ◽

Georgia Saxami ◽

Emmanuela Stamoulou ◽

Evangelia Kerezoudi ◽

Eirini Terzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Edible Mushrooms ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

The Impact ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.

Download Full-text

Impact of a Moderately Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Italian Obese Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2707 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

The Impact ◽

The 16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Although it is known that the gut microbiota (GM) can be modulated by diet, the efficacy of specific dietary interventions in determining its composition and diversity in obese patients remains to be ascertained. The present work aims to evaluate the impact of a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on the GM of obese and overweight patients (OB). The GM of 23 OB patients (F/M = 20/3) was compared before (T0) and after 3 months (T3) of nutritional intervention (NI). Fecal samples were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. At baseline, GM characterization confirmed typical obesity-associated dysbiosis. After 3 months of NI, patients presented a statistically significant reduction in body weight and fat mass, along with changes in the relative abundance of many microbial patterns. In fact, an increase in the abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e., Sphingobacteriaceae, Sphingobacterium, Bacteroides spp., Prevotella stercorea) and a depletion of many Firmicutes taxa (i.e., Lachnospiraceae members, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus, Veillonellaceae, Catenibacterium, Megamonas) were observed. In addition, the phylum Proteobacteria showed an increased abundance, while the genus Sutterella, within the same phylum, decreased after the intervention. Metabolic pathways, predicted by bioinformatic analyses, showed a decrease in membrane transport and cell motility after NI. The present study extends our knowledge of the GM profiles in OB, highlighting the potential benefit of moderate caloric restriction in counteracting the gut dysbiosis.

Download Full-text

The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8081119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naser A. Alsharairi

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Early Life ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Dietary Nutrient ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.

Download Full-text