scholarly journals Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a Model System for Longitudinal Experimental Opioid Treatments: Implications for Orthopedic and Biomedical Research

Osteology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Janna M. Andronowski ◽  
Adam J. Schuller ◽  
Mary E. Cole ◽  
Abigail R. LaMarca ◽  
Reed A. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Administration

Due to the high prevalence of opioid prescription following orthopedic procedures, there is a growing need to establish an animal model system to evaluate the effects of opioids on bone remodeling. Rabbits have been employed as model organisms in orthopedic research as they exhibit well-defined cortical bone remodeling similar to humans. Existing research in rabbits has been limited to modes of opioid administration that are short-acting and require repeated application. Here, we present data from a proof-of-principle longitudinal study employing two opioid analgesic administration routes (subcutaneous injection and transdermal patch) to evaluate the efficacy of studying chronic opioid exposure in a rabbit model. Skeletally mature male New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into three groups of seven animals: morphine, fentanyl, and control. Experimental treatments were conducted for eight weeks. Preparation of the skin at the fentanyl patch site and subsequent patch removal presented experimental difficulties including consistent skin erythema. Though noninvasive, the patches further caused acute stress in fentanyl animals. We conclude that though transdermal fentanyl patches may be preferred in an acute clinical setting, this method is not feasible as a means of long-term pain relief or opioid delivery in a laboratory context.

scholarly journals Research on Plants for the Understanding of Diseases of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Origin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Spampinato ◽  
Diego F. Gomez-Casati
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Model System ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Molecular Defects ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Origin ◽  
Experimental Findings

Different model organisms, such asEscherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Caenorhabditis elegans,Drosophila melanogaster, mouse, cultured human cell lines, among others, were used to study the mechanisms of several human diseases. Since human genes and proteins have been structurally and functionally conserved in plant organisms, the use of plants, especiallyArabidopsis thaliana, as a model system to relate molecular defects to clinical disorders has recently increased. Here, we briefly review our current knowledge of human diseases of nuclear and mitochondrial origin and summarize the experimental findings of plant homologs implicated in each process.

scholarly journals Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use Following Surgical Treatment of Ankle Fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0033
Author(s):  
Matthew Pate ◽  
Jacob Hall ◽  
John Anderson ◽  
Donald Bohay ◽  
John Maskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Ankle Fracture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Medication

Category: Ankle, Bunion, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Chronic opioid abuse is one of the greatest public health challenges in the United States. The most common first exposure to opioids comes from acute care prescriptions, such as those after surgery. Moreover, opioids are often prescribed excessively, with current estimates suggesting ˜75% of the pills prescribed are unused. Ankle fractures are the most common operatively treated fracture in orthopaedic surgery, and management of acute pain following surgery is challenging. The optimal perioperative pain regimen is still a point of controversy, as there is limited data available regarding appropriate amount of opioid to prescribe. This study evaluates opioid prescribing techniques of multiple foot and ankle surgeons, and associated patient outcomes. We aim to help surgeons improve their pain management practices and to limit opioid overprescription. Methods: Chart review and phone survey were performed on forty two adult patients within three to six months of ankle fracture fixation at our institution. These patients were offered to voluntarily participate in a standardized questionnaire regarding pain scores, opioid use, non-opioid analgesic use, pain management satisfaction, and patient prescription education. Results: 57% of patients reported that they were given “more” or ”much more” opioid medication than needed, 38% stated that they were given the “right amount”, and 5% reported that they were given ”less” or “much less” than needed. 40.0% were on opioids prior to operation. 53.5% did not require refill of discharge opioid prescriptions, 30.2% of patients did not fill any posteroperative opioid prescription. 16.3% of patients filled their discharge prescription and at least one additionall refill (mean refill = 2.22). Mean number of reported opioid pills taken after surgery was 17.4. Mean satisfaction with overall pain management at phone follow up was 8.6/10. Conclusion: While postoperative pain and management vary substantially, a majority of patients feel that they are given more opioid medication than necessary following ankle fracture repair, and a majority of opioid prescriptions are not completely used. Going forward, it is likely that a majority of patients could experience the same beneficial results with less prescription opioid pain medication, which would reduce overpresciption and potential misuse.

scholarly journals Rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated spinal infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. dmm045385
Author(s):  
Oren Gordon ◽  
Robert J. Miller ◽  
John M. Thompson ◽  
Alvaro A. Ordonez ◽  
Mariah H. Klunk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Spinal Infection ◽  
Positron Emission

ABSTRACTPost-surgical implant-associated spinal infection is a devastating complication commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Biofilm formation is thought to reduce penetration of antibiotics and immune cells, contributing to chronic and difficult-to-treat infections. A rabbit model of a posterior-approach spinal surgery was created, in which bilateral titanium pedicle screws were interconnected by a plate at the level of lumbar vertebra L6 and inoculated with a methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) bioluminescent strain. In vivo whole-animal bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and ex vivo bacterial cultures demonstrated a peak in bacterial burden by day 14, when wound dehiscence occurred. Structures suggestive of biofilm, visualized by scanning electron microscopy, were evident up to 56 days following infection. Infection-induced inflammation and bone remodeling were also monitored using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). PET imaging signals were noted in the soft tissue and bone surrounding the implanted materials. CT imaging demonstrated marked bone remodeling and a decrease in dense bone at the infection sites. This rabbit model of implant-associated spinal infection provides a valuable preclinical in vivo approach to investigate the pathogenesis of implant-associated spinal infections and to evaluate novel therapeutics.

Lessons from Worm Dendritic Patterning

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Inberg ◽  
Anna Meledin ◽  
Veronika Kravtsov ◽  
Yael Iosilevskii ◽  
Meital Oren-Suissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Made In

The structural and functional properties of neurons have intrigued scientists since the pioneering work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Since then, emerging cutting-edge technologies, including light and electron microscopy, electrophysiology, biochemistry, optogenetics, and molecular biology, have dramatically increased our understanding of dendritic properties. This advancement was also facilitated by the establishment of different animal model organisms, from flies to mammals. Here we describe the emerging model system of a Caenorhabditis elegans polymodal neuron named PVD, whose dendritic tree follows a stereotypical structure characterized by repeating candelabra-like structural units. In the past decade, progress has been made in understanding PVD's functions, morphogenesis, regeneration, and aging, yet many questions still remain.

Epidermal stem cells as primary targets of a papilomavirus infection in a rabbit model system

1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (S1) ◽  
pp. A11-A11
Author(s):  
A. Schmitt ◽  
A. Rochat ◽  
R. Selvakumar ◽  
Y. Barrandon ◽  
F. O. Wettstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Model System ◽  
Epidermal Stem Cells

Locally Inhibition of Orthodontic Relapse by Injection of Carbonated Hydroxy Apatite-Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin in a Rabbit Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananto Ali Alhasyimi ◽  
Pinandi Sri Pudyani ◽  
Widya Asmara ◽  
Ika Dewi Ana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroxy Apatite ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling

Relapse is considered a significant failure after orthodontic treatment. In response to relapse, RANKL expressions will increase, while OPG expressions will decrease. CHA is thought to be one of an ideal candidate for enhancing bone formation. Moreover, a-PRF is a source high levels of growth factors that play a central role in the bone remodeling. This research was intended to investigate the effect of hydrogel CHA-aPRF in preventing relapse. Hydrogel-CHA was initially designed, with its degradation profile and FTIR (Fourie’s Transform Infrared) spectra were investigated as the basis to find out optimum formulation before incorporated with aPRF. Hydrogel-CHA microspheres were prepared in 3 different compositions: those were encoded 30-CHA, 40-CHA, and 50-CHA. After the hydrogel formulation and characterization were completed, 10 mL blood samples were collected, then centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 14 min. At the end of the centrifugation process, the aPRF clot was isolated and then pressed to obtain their releasate. The releasate aPRF was then loaded into the best formulation candidate of hydrogel CHA. The hydrogel incorporated aPRF was then gently injected on the mesial side of incisor gingival sulcus of the rabbit after orthodontic tooth movement. The FTIR analysis showed that carbonated apatite was successfully developed during the fabrication process of hydrogel-CHA microspheres. It was also known that degradation profile of 30-CHA was considered ideal compared to the other compositions. The application of CHA-aPRF (group C) was proven to significantly prevent relapse, indicated by lowest percentage of relapse 21 days after debonding (29.95±3.91%) compared to control group. Furthermore, it has been found that expressions of RANKL were significantly lowest (p<0.05) in group C on day 0, 3, and 7, while OPG expressions showed significantly highest (p<0.05) in group C on day 14 and 21 after debonding. These results indicate that incorporation of hydrogel-CHA has potential effect to enhance alveolar bone remodeling and prevent orthodontic relapse by stimulates OPG expression and suppresses RANKL expression.

scholarly journals The FDA-approved drugs ticlopidine, sertaconazole, and dexlansoprazole can cause morphological changes in C. elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle F Galford ◽  
Antony M Jose
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Model System ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

AbstractUrgent need for treatments limit studies of therapeutic drugs before approval by regulatory agencies. Analyses of drugs after approval can therefore improve our understanding of their mechanism of action and enable better therapies. We screened a library of 1443 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs using a simple assay in the nematode C. elegans and found three compounds that caused morphological changes. While the anticoagulant ticlopidine and the antifungal sertaconazole caused morphologically distinct pharyngeal defects upon acute exposure, the proton-pump inhibitor dexlansoprazole caused molting defects and required exposure during larval development. Such easily detectable defects in a powerful genetic model system advocate the continued exploration of current medicines using a variety of model organisms to better understand drugs already prescribed to millions of patients.

scholarly journals Attitudes of surgical nurses toward postoperative opioid use: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-920
Author(s):  
Sevim Şen ◽  
Esra Usta ◽  
Dilek Aygin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Surgical Nurses ◽  
Opioid Administration ◽  
Opioid Drugs ◽  
Analgesic Use

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the attitudes of surgical nurses toward postoperative opioid use. Method: The descriptive phenomenological study consists of 30 surgical nurses in two hospitals in Turkey.  Data were collected by semi-structured face to face interviews. Data analyses were done by qualitative theme analysis.  Findings: As a result of the theme analysis, six themes related to surgical nurses' attitudes of postoperative opioid analgesic use were identified. These themes are named as follows: primary indications for opioids, safest route for opioid administration, complications observed following opioid administration, opioid addiction, opioid safety, feeling stressed while administrating opioids. Nurses (13/30) stated that intravenous way is safer as it affects fast, and it is easy to control; while 12 nurses said that intramuscular application is safer as there are few possibilities for complications. While all of the nurses were agreed on that opioids are addictive, eighteen of them think that opioid drugs are safe, and 16 stated that administering opioids did not create stress. Conclusions: Nurses face some obstacles related to the use of opioids in the process of pain management, such as the abuse of opioids and encountering side effects. Pain management and opioid use should be given a great place in nursing education.

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