scholarly journals Bartonella henselae Antibodies in Serum and Oral Fluid Specimens from Cats

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández ◽  
Marta Baxarias ◽  
David Prandi ◽  
Edward B. Breitschwerdt ◽  
Laia Solano-Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Kappa Agreement ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Cats are the primary reservoir host for Bartonella henselae(B. henselae), an etiological agent of human bartonellosis, including cat scratch disease. Although Bartonella DNA has been amplified from salivary swabs from cats, dogs and humans, we are not aware of studies investigating Bartonella antibodies in oral fluid (OF). Using inhouse and commercial immunofluorescence antibody assays (IFA), the objective of this study was to detect and compare antibodies against B. henselae in paired OF and serum specimens from cats. Specimens were collected from shelter and client-owned cats. For serum specimens, B. henselae seroreactivity was 78% for both the inhouse and commercial IFA assays and 56.8% for OF specimens. Comparing serum and OF specimens, there was moderate Kappa agreement (Cohen’s k = 0.434) for detection of B. henselae antibodies. Oral fluid antibodies were more likely measurable in cats with high B. henselae serum antibody titers when compared with low antibody titers. In conclusion, B. henselae OF IFA antibody measurements were less sensitive compared to serum IFA measurements of ≥1:64. Oral fluid antibodies were detected more often in cats with high B. henselae serum antibody titers. Therefore, OF antibodies, detectable by IFA, is of limited utility for epidemiological or diagnostic testing in cats.

scholarly journals Bartonella Endocarditis Mimicking Crescentic Glomerulonephritis with PR3-ANCA Positivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Vercellone ◽  
Lisa Cohen ◽  
Saima Mansuri ◽  
Ping L. Zhang ◽  
Paul S. Kellerman
Keyword(s):  
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Urinary Sediment ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Complex Deposition ◽  
Culture Negative

Bartonella henselae is a fastidious organism that causes cat scratch disease, commonly associated with fever and lymphadenopathy but, in rare instances, also results in culture-negative infectious endocarditis. We describe a patient who presented with flank pain, splenic infarct, and acute kidney injury with an active urinary sediment, initially suspicious for vasculitis, which was subsequently diagnosed as B. henselae endocarditis. Bartonella endocarditis may present with a crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) and elevated PR3-ANCA antibody titers, mimicking ANCA-associated GN, with 54 cases reported in the literature. Unique to our case in this series is a positive PR3-ANCA antibody despite a negative IIF-ANCA. Thus, the presentation of Bartonella can mimic ANCA-associated GN, and renal biopsy showing immune complex deposition is critical for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals A prospective study of cat-scratch disease in Lima-Peru

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick HUARCAYA ◽  
Ciro MAGUIÑA ◽  
Jenny MERELLO ◽  
Jaime COK ◽  
Richard BIRTLES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) is a benign lymphadenitis that may progress to severe or recurrent forms, and it is occasionally associated with morbidity. Between January of 1998 and March of 1999, forty-three suspected CSD patients were assessed in the Hospital Cayetano Heredia and the Instituto de Salud del Niño, in Lima, Peru. Twelve patients had a confirmed diagnosis, 8 of whom were women, and the mean age was 10 years old. The majority (53%) of the cases were encountered in the summer. All patients reported having had contact with cats. Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy and skin lesions were the most frequent clinical features. Twelve patients had indirect immunofluorescence antibody test titers of between 1/50 and 1/800 for Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae. Two lymph node biopsies were histologically compatible with CSD. No positive blood cultures could be obtained. This is the first Peruvian prospective study able to identify B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae in pediatric patients.

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with cat-scratch disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
C. Piswanger-Soelkner ◽  
R. W. Lipp ◽  
F. Daxböck ◽  
W. J. Schnedl ◽  
S. Hoier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Receptor Scintigraphy ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

SummaryAim: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy images various neoplastic, granulomatous, and auto-immun diseases. Cat-scratch disease in an infectious granulomatous disease usually affecting the lymphnodes. It is not known whether cat-scratch disease provides positive somatostatin receptor scintigrams. Patients, methods: Twelve patients with lymphadenitis and suspected cat-scratch disease were investigated by immunofluorescence antibody testing and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Suppurated lymphnodes were extracted or drained and Bartonella henselae specific PCR was then performed. Results: Eleven of 12 patients showed IgG antibodies against B. henselea. SRS showed positive scintigraphic results in 6 of 11 patients with CSD. B. henselae DNA was detected in tissue of lymphnodes from 4 of 5 patients with lymphnode extraction or lymphnode drainage. SRS demonstrated positive scintigrams in all patients with a positive PCR. In one patient with suspected CSD SRS was negative as well as antibody testing. Conclusion: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy correlated with positive Bartonella henselae specific PCR tests and positive Bartonella henselae specific antibody tests in patients with CSD.

scholarly journals 2138. Follow-up Investigation of Antibody Titers and Diagnostic Antibody Cut-Off Values in Scrub Typhus Patients in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S724-S725
Author(s):  
Dong-Min Kim ◽  
Choon-Mee Kim ◽  
Na Ra Yun
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody ◽  
Prospective Analyses ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Abstract Background Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. There have been few follow-up studies assessing antibody titers using serologic tests from various commercial labs. Methods A prospective investigation to assess antibody titers of scrub typhus patients and seroprevalence for health checkup individuals were evaluated. The antibody titers of former patients diagnosed with scrub typhus at least 1 year and a maximum of 13 years were also investigated. The following tests were performed simultaneously: (i) immunofluorescence antibody assays (IFAs) that detect immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG, (ii) IFA that detects total Ig by a commercial lab, (iii) antibody tests using two commercially available kits. Results In prospective analyses with cutoff values set to ≥1:16 for IgM, ≥1:256 for IgG based on the KCDC’s criteria, and ≥1:40 for total Ig. The antibody positive rates of 102 confirmed scrub typhus patients were 44%, 35.3%, and 57.6%, respectively, in the first week after symptom onset. Among 91 former patients recovered, the follow-up IgM, IgG, and total Ig positivity rates were 38.5% (35/91), 22% (20/91), and 76.9% (70/91), respectively. In overall cohort of 216 health checkup subjects, 4.2% (9/216) IgM and 0% (0/216) IgG seroprevalence was observed. Conclusion The IFA from KCDC and commercial lab, and rapid commercial kits cannot differentiate between former patients recovered from scrub typhus and current scrub typhus. In Korea and other countries where low antibody cut-off titer values have been used as criteria for diagnosing and reporting scrub typhus, upward adjustments of cut-off values may be necessary. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Cervical Cat Scratch Disease Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-498
Author(s):  
Mardjan Arvand ◽  
Ilkay Kazak ◽  
Sergije Jovanovic ◽  
Hans-Dieter Foss ◽  
Oliver Liesenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

ABSTRACT We report on a young patient with chronic cervical lymphadenopathy and serological and histological evidence for infection with Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii. Serological follow-up studies, including testing for avidity of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, assisted in the determination of the cause of the acute lymphadenitis. Our results suggest that the clinical symptoms were most likely due to cat scratch disease rather than to acute toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Advax-CpG Adjuvant Provides Antigen Dose-Sparing and Enhanced Immunogenicity for Inactivated Poliomyelitis Virus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo ◽  
Jeremy Baldwin ◽  
Nikolai Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Antigen Dose ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Dose Sparing ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Eradicate Polio

Global immunization campaigns have resulted in a major decline in the global incidence of polio cases, with wild-type poliovirus remaining endemic in only two countries. Live oral polio vaccine (OPV) played a role in the reduction in polio case numbers; however, the risk of OPV developing into circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus makes it unsuitable for eradication programs. Trivalent inactivated polio virus (TIPV) vaccines which contain formalin-inactivated antigens produced from virulent types 1, 2 and 3 reference polio strains grown in Vero monkey kidney cells have been advocated as a replacement for OPV; however, TIPVs have weak immunogenicity and multiple boosts are required before peak neutralizing titers are reached. This study examined whether the incorporation of the novel polysaccharide adjuvant, Advax-CpG, could boost the immunogenicity of two TIPV vaccines, (i) a commercially available polio vaccine (IPOL®, Sanofi Pasteur) and (ii) a new TIPV formulation developed by Statens Serum Institut (SSI). Mice were immunized intramuscularly based on recommended vaccine dosage schedules and serum antibody titers were followed for 12 months post-immunization. Advax-CpG significantly enhanced the long-term immunogenicity of both TIPV vaccines and had at least a 10-fold antigen dose-sparing effect. An exception was the poor ability of the SSI TIPV to induce serotype type 1 neutralizing antibodies. Immunization with monovalent IPVs suggested that the low type 1 response to TIPV may be due to antigen competition when the type 1 antigen was co-formulated with the type 2 and 3 antigens. This study provides valuable insights into the complexity of the formulation of multivalent polio vaccines and supports the further development of adjuvanted antigen-sparing TIPV vaccines in the fight to eradicate polio.

Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota and Systemic Immune Responses by Dietary 1-Kestose Supplementation in Healthy Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T. Tochio ◽  
Y. Kadota ◽  
Y. Asami ◽  
R. Azuma ◽  
R. Oishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
System 1

1-Kestose is a trisaccharide prebiotic that modifies immune responses in humans and rodents with allergic diseases by altering the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we examined the effects of 1-kestose supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, peripheral lymphocyte subsets, and antibody production in healthy dogs. Fecal IgA levels and serum antibody titers against the rabies vaccine were not significantly affected by 1-kestose supplementation. In a flow cytometric analysis, the percentage of T cells among total lymphocytes decreased, whereas that of B cells increased in supplemented dogs. A metagenomic analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the proportion of Bifidobacterium increased, while that of Lactobacillus did not decrease in supplemented dogs. Furthermore, a quantification analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the proportion of Bifidobacterium increased in supplemented dogs. These results suggest that 1-kestose supplementation induced modifications in the intestinal microbiota of dogs, which presumably enhanced the immune system. 1-Kestose may be a useful food material as a prebiotic for dogs.

BACTERIAL AND VIRAL COPROANTIBODIES IN BREAST-FED INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Jean F. Kenny ◽  
Mary I. Boesman ◽  
Richard H. Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Breast Fed

Stools of newborn breast-fed infants may contain significant amounts of hemagglutinating antibody to enteropathogenic E. coli and neutralizing antibody to polioviruses. Stool titers averaged only fourfold lower than maternal milk titers for antibacterial and less than twofold lower for antiviral activity. Similar ratios of stool:milk activity were also found for paired specimens obtained during the second and third postpartum months. The stool antibodies were stable at 56°C and exhibited definite specificity. Bacterial hemagglutinins in feces were more sensitive to mercaptoethanol than the poliovirus neutralizing activity. Stools from breast-fed infants contained gamma-1 globulins similar to those in milk, including IgA and small amounts of IgM. Meconium from bottle-fed infants with high serum antibody titers to polioviruses contained traces of homotypic neutralizing antibody. Antiviral and antibacterial activity were not detected in transitional and later stools from artificially fed infants, nor were human immune globulins. Milk bacterial hemagglutinating antibodies were more resistant to acid and to pepsin than those in serum. Furthermore, acid had a less deleterious effect on virus neutralizing activity in milk than it had on that in serum, and it also had less effect on the milk antiviral than on the milk antibacterial antibodies.

Positional Hand Pallor and Isolated Epitrochlear Lymphadenitis Secondary to Bartonella henselae Infection.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-917
Author(s):  
Siti Nuradliah Jamil ◽  
Ilham Ameera Ismail ◽  
Siti Fatimah Badlishah Sham ◽  
Norliana Dalila Mohamad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
External Compression ◽  
Head And Neck Region

Cat scratch disease is a communicable disease caused by the Bartonella henselae bacteria. Regional lymphadenopathy is the hallmark of cat scratch disease and about 75% of lymphadenopathy cases are localized in the head and neck region. An epitrochlear lymphadenopathy is a rare condition at any age and often misdiagnosed as it is not normally palpable. External compression of an enlarged epitrochlear lymph node compromising vascularity was not mentioned in any literature before. We present a case of a 13-year-old girl with right positional ipsilateral hand pallor and epitrochlear lymphadenitis with serological evidence of Bartonella henselae infection. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.914-917

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