scholarly journals Mayaro Virus: The Potential Role of Microbiota and Wolbachia

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Thiago Nunes Pereira ◽  
Fabiano Duarte Carvalho ◽  
Jerônimo Nunes Rugani ◽  
Vanessa Rafaela de Carvalho ◽  
Jaqueline Jarusevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Mayaro Virus ◽  
Two Populations

The Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus that circulates mainly in tropical forests or rural areas in Latin America and is transmitted mainly by Haemagogus mosquitoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vector competence, microbiome, and the presence of Wolbachia in three Aedes albopictus populations infected with MAYV. The vector competence was assessed based on viral infection and transmission by RT-qPCR. In addition, the microbiome was evaluated by amplification of the 16S rRNA V4 region and PCR to detect the presence of Wolbachia (strain wAlbA/wAlbB). Our results show that all three populations were susceptible to MAYV infection. The potential transmission of the MAYV was consistent in all populations of naïve mosquitoes injected (more than 50%). The microbiome analysis revealed 118 OTUs (operational taxonomic unit) from the three populations, 8 phyla, 15 classes, 26 orders, 35 families, 65 genera, and 53 species. All populations had Pseudomonas and Wolbachia as predominant genera. There was no difference between the variables for MAYV and Wolbachia (wAlbA or wAlbB) in the abdomen. However, in the head + thorax samples at 14 dpi, there was a difference between the two populations, indicating a possible correlation between the presence of Wolbachia (wAlbB) and infection. Overall, we show evidence that Ae. albopictus displays significant infection and transmission competence for the MAYV in the laboratory, and its bacterial microbiota play an important role in the host, mainly the strains of Wolbachia. The influence of the intestinal microbiota of Ae. albopictus is poorly known, and a better understanding of these interactions would open new perspectives for disease control through the manipulation of microbial communities. The exact contribution of this mosquito species to the transmission of the MAYV in the field remains to be confirmed.

A Survey of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Tunisia and the Potential Role of Aedes detritus and Aedes caspius in the Transmission of Zika Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1377-1383
Author(s):  
Wiem Ben Ayed ◽  
Fadila Amraoui ◽  
Youmna M’ghirbi ◽  
Francis Schaffner ◽  
Adel Rhaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Aedes Detritus

Abstract The present study aimed to update the list of Aedes mosquito species occurring in Tunisia and to test the vector competence of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius (Pallas) and Ae. (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday), the locally most abundant and widespread species, to transmit Zika virus (ZIKV). In 2017–2018, mosquito larvae were collected from 39 different larval habitats in seven bioclimatic zones of Tunisia. The salinity and pH of each breeding site were measured. The survey revealed the presence of 10 Aedes species in Tunisia: Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) berlandi (Séguy), Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus, Ae. (Finlaya) echinus (Edwards), Ae. (Finlaya) geniculatus (Olivier), Ae. (Acartomyia) mariae (Sergent and Sergent), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) pulcritarsis (Rondani), Ae. (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), and Ae. (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot). Of these 10 species, Ae. caspius and Ae. detritus were the most abundant in Tunisia. Aedes detritus and Ae. caspius larvae were reared until the imago stage under insectary conditions to test autogeny. The study showed that Ae. detritus is autogenous and stenogamous and Ae. caspius, anautogenous and eurygamous. Finally, the collected strains of these two species were experimentally infected with the Asian genotype of ZIKV, originally isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia, to test their vector competence. Neither of these species was able to transmit ZIKV at 7 and 14 d postexposure. Further investigations are needed to test the competence of other Tunisian mosquito species that may be associated with ZIKV transmission.

scholarly journals Anopheles Mosquitoes May Drive Invasion and Transmission of Mayaro Virus across Geographically Diverse Regions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brustolin ◽  
Sujit Pujhari ◽  
Cory A. Henderson ◽  
Jason L. Rasgon
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Mayaro Virus

AbstractThe Togavirus (Alphavirus) Mayaro virus (MAYV) was initially described in 1954 from Mayaro County (Trinidad) and has been responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. Imported MAYV cases are on the rise, leading to invasion concerns similar to Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Little is known about the range of mosquito species that are competent MAYV vectors. We tested vector competence of 2 MAYV genotypes for six mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, An. stephensi, An. quadrimaculatus, An. freeborni, Culex quinquefasciatus). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were poor MAYV vectors, and either were poorly infected or poorly transmitted. In contrast, all Anopheles species were able to transmit MAYV, and 3 of the 4 species transmitted both genotypes. The Anopheles species tested are divergent and native to widely separated geographic regions, suggesting that Anopheles may be important in the invasion and spread of MAYV across diverse regions of the world.

scholarly journals Immunity and survival response of Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) workers to Metarhizium anisopliae infection: Potential role of their associated microbiota

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247545
Author(s):  
Sandra Milena Valencia-Giraldo ◽  
Andrea Niño-Castro ◽  
Andrea López-Peña ◽  
Danna Trejos-Vidal ◽  
Odair Correa-Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Atta Cephalotes ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
The Individual

Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are at constant risk of epizootics due to their dense living conditions and frequent social interactions between genetically related individuals. To help mitigate the risk of epizootics, these ants display individual and collective immune responses, including associations with symbiotic bacteria that can enhance their resistance to pathogenic infections. For example, Acromyrmex spp. harbor actinobacteria that control infection by Escovopsis in their fungal gardens. Although Atta spp. do not maintain symbiosis with protective actinobacteria, the evidence suggests that these insects are colonized by bacterial microbiota that may play a role in their defense against pathogens. The potential role of the bacterial microbiome of Atta workers in enhancing host immunity remains unexplored. We evaluated multiple parameters of the individual immunity of Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758) workers, including hemocyte count, encapsulation response, and the antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph in the presence or absence of bacterial microbiota. Experiments were performed on ants reared under standard conditions as well as on ants previously exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metharrizium anisopliae. Furthermore, the effects of the presence/absence of bacteria on the survival of workers exposed to M. anisopliae were evaluated. The bacterial microbiota associated with A. cephalotes workers does not modulate the number of hemocytes under control conditions or under conditions of exposure to the fungal pathogen. In addition, infection by M. anisopliae, but not microbiota, increases the encapsulation response. Similarly, the exposure of workers to this fungus led to increased hemolymph antimicrobial activity. Conversely, the removal of bacterial microbiota did not have a significant impact on the survival of workers with M. anisopliae. Our results suggest that the bacterial microbiota associated with the cuticle of A. cephalotes workers does not play a role as a modulator of innate immunity, either at baseline or after exposure to the entomopathogen M. anisopliae. Further, upon infection, workers rely on mechanisms of humoral immunity to respond to this threat. Overall, our findings indicate that the bacterial microbiota associated with A. cephalotes workers does not play a defensive role.

scholarly journals The role of the bacterial microbiome in the treatment of cancer

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Kun Yu ◽  
Rui-Ling Xie ◽  
Rui You ◽  
You-Ping Liu ◽  
Xu-Yin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome

AbstractThe human microbiome is defined as the microorganisms that reside in or on the human body, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their genomes. The human microbiome participates in the modulation of human metabolism by influencing several intricate pathways. The association between specific bacteria or viruses and the efficacy of cancer treatments and the occurrence of treatment-related toxicity in cancer patients has been reported. However, the understanding of the interaction between the host microbiome and the cancer treatment response is limited, and the microbiome potentially plays a greater role in the treatment of cancer than reported to date. Here, we provide a thorough review of the potential role of the gut and locally resident bacterial microbiota in modulating responses to different cancer therapeutics to demonstrate the association between the gut or locally resident bacterial microbiota and cancer therapy. Probable mechanisms, such as metabolism, the immune response and the translocation of microbiome constituents, are discussed to promote future research into the association between the microbiome and other types of cancer. We conclude that the interaction between the host immune system and the microbiome may be the basis of the role of the microbiome in cancer therapies. Future research on the association between host immunity and the microbiome may improve the efficacy of several cancer treatments and provide insights into the cause of treatment-related side effects.

scholarly journals The native European Aedes geniculatus mosquito species can transmit Chikungunya virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorian Prudhomme ◽  
Albin Fontaine ◽  
Guillaume Lacour ◽  
Jean-Charles Gantier ◽  
Laure Diancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
Virus Emergence

AbstractEurope is the world’s leading tourism destination and is receiving every year travelers from areas with active arbovirus transmission. There is thus a threat of mosquito-borne virus emergence in Europe due to the presence of the invasive mosquito vector Aedes albopictus. Little attention has been paid about the possible role of indigenous mosquito species as vectors of emerging arboviruses. Here, we assessed the vector competence dynamic of Ae. geniculatus, a European anthropophilic mosquito species, for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in comparison with Ae. albopictus.We revealed that Ae. geniculatus was highly susceptible to CHIKV infection and could transmit the virus. By specifically exploring the vector competence dynamic in both mosquito species, we revealed that the cumulative distribution of CHIKV incubation period in Ae. geniculatus was delayed by several days as compared to Ae. albopictus.Our results strengthen the importance of considering indigenous species as potential vectors for emerging arboviruses. They also revealed the importance of considering variation in arbovirus dissemination or transmission dynamics in mosquitoes when performing vector competence assays. We will discuss the implications of our results on a CHIKV outbreak dynamic in a theoretical framework.Sentence summaryThe European mosquito Aedes geniculatus is highly susceptible to CHIKV infection but disseminate and transmit the virus several days later than Ae. albopictus.

POTENTIAL ROLE OF SYLVATIC AND DOMESTIC AFRICAN MOSQUITO SPECIES IN DENGUE EMERGENCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAWLOUTH DIALLO ◽  
ZORAIDA FERNANDEZ ◽  
LARK L. COFFEY ◽  
YAMAR BA ◽  
SCOTT C. WEAVER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Mosquito Species

scholarly journals Assessing the role of two populations of Aedes japonicus japonicus for Zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Jasmin Varga ◽  
Anca Iona Paslaru ◽  
Jeannine Hauri ◽  
Paul Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Background Since the huge epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. Although Aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector, other Aedes species (e.g. Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) which can potentially transmit viruses from the same family (Flavivirus) such as West Nile, dengue and yellow fever, at least under laboratory conditions, have been incriminated as potential vector for ZIKV. Among these, the Asian bush mosquito Ae. japonicus is widely spread with high abundances in Central-Western Europe. In the present study, infection, dissemination and transmission rates of ZIKV (Dak84 strain) in two populations of Ae. japonicus from Switzerland (Zürich) and France (Steinbach, Haut-Rhin) were investigated under constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14-27 °C, mean 23 °C) temperature regimes.Results Both populations were positive for ZIKV transmission. Infectious virus particles were present already 7 days post exposure to infectious rabbit blood. The highest amount of Plaque Forming Unit (PFU) (400/female) were recorded 14 days post oral infection in the Swiss population incubated at constant temperature. No difference in term of infection, dissemination and transmission rate were found according to the mosquito population.Temperature had no effect on infection rate but the fluctuating temperature regime resulted in higher dissemination rates comparing to constant temperature, regardless of the population. Finally, transmission efficiency ranged between 7-23% and 7-10% for the constant temperature and 0-10% and 3-27% under fluctuating temperatures for the Swiss and the French populations, respectively.Conclusions This is the first work confirming vector competence for ZIKV of Ae. japonicus originating from Switzerland and France under realistic summer temperatures. Considering the continuous spread of this species in the northern part of Europe and its adaptation at cooler temperatures, preventative control measures should be adopted to prevent possible ZIKV epidemics.

scholarly journals Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for Mayaro virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Nunes Pereira ◽  
Fabiano Duarte Carvalho ◽  
Silvana Faria De Mendonça ◽  
Marcele Neves Rocha ◽  
Luciano Andrade Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Geographic Expansion ◽  
Mayaro Virus

AbstractNewly emerging or re-emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human morbidity and mortality nearly worldwide. Arboviruses such as Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) underwent an extensive geographic expansion in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In the Americas the main vectors, for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, are mosquito species adapted to urban environments namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, whereas the main vector for WNV is the Culex quinquefasciatus. Given the widespread distribution in the Americas and high permissiveness to arbovirus infection, theses mosquito species might pose an important role in the epidemiology of other arboviruses normally associated to sylvatic vectors. Here, we test this hypothesis by determining the vector competence of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus to Mayaro (MAYV) virus, a sylvatic arbovirus transmitted mainly by Haemagogus janthinomys that have been causing an increasing number of outbreaks in South America namely in Brazil. Using field mosquitoes from Brazil, female mosquitoes were experimentally infected and their competence for dissemination and transmission for MAYV was evaluated. We found high dissemination rate for MAYV in Ae. aegypti (57.5%) and Ae. albopictus (61.6%), whereas very low rates were obtained for Cx. quinquefasciatus (2.5%). Concordantly, we observed that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have high transmission ability (69.5% and 71.1% respectively), conversely to Cx. quinquefasciatus that is not able to transmit the MAYV. Notably, we found that very low quantities of virus present in the saliva (undetectable by RT-qPCR) were sufficient and virulent enough to guarantee transmission. Although Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are not the main vectors for MAYV, our studies suggest that these vectors may play a significant role in the transmission of this arbovirus, since both species showed high vector competence in laboratory conditions.Author summaryThe present study showed that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes have high vector competence for MAYV, in laboratory. In contrast, Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were shown to be refractory to MAYV. Regarding the viral dilution and nanoinjection, higher detection sensitivity was observed after virus nanoinjection into naïve mosquitoes, indicating that only a few viral particles are required to infect mosquitoes, and these particles may not be detected by RT-qPCR before the nanoinjection procedure.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Plasmodium midgut invasion in Anopheles mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Volohonsky ◽  
Perrine Paul-Gilloteaux ◽  
Jitka Štáfková ◽  
Julien Soichot ◽  
Jean Salamero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Mosquito Midgut ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractMalaria-causing Plasmodium parasites traverse the mosquito midgut cells to establish infection at the basal side of the midgut. This dynamic process is a determinant of mosquito vector competence, yet the kinetics of the parasite migration is not well understood. Here we used transgenic mosquitoes of two Anopheles species and a Plasmodium berghei fluorescence reporter line to track parasite passage through the mosquito tissues at high spatial resolution. We provide new quantitative insight into malaria parasite invasion in African and Indian Anopheles species and demonstrate that species-specific kinetics of Plasmodium invasion is shaped by the mosquito complement-like system.Author SummaryThe traversal of the mosquito midgut cells is one of the critical stages in the life cycle of malaria parasites. Motile parasite forms, called ookinetes, traverse the midgut epithelium in a dynamic process which is not fully understood.Here, we harnessed transgenic reporters to track invasion of Plasmodium parasites in African and Indian mosquito species. We found important differences in parasite dynamics between the two anopheline species and demonstrated an unexpected role of mosquito complement-like system in regulation of parasite invasion.

scholarly journals Managing Urban Wellbeing in Rural Areas: The Potential Role of Online Communities to Improve the Financing and Governance of Highly Valued Nature Areas

Land ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rixt Bijker ◽  
Nora Mehnen ◽  
Frans Sijtsma ◽  
Michiel Daams
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potential Role
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document