An Investigation of the Effect of Catecholamines and Glucocorticoids on the Growth and Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter spp. are major causes of foodborne illness globally, and are mostly transmitted through the consumption and handling of poultry. Campylobacter infections have widely variable outcomes, ranging from mild enteritis to severe illness, which are attributed to host interactions and the virulence of the infecting strain. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of host stress on the growth and pathogenicity of C. jejuni, three strains associated with human infection and two strains from broilers were subject to growth, motility, adhesion and invasion assays, in response to exposure to catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine and the glucocorticoid neuroendocrine hormones corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone which are associated with stress in humans and broilers. Catecholamines resulted in significantly increased growth, adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells. Corticosterone promoted growth in one of five strains, and cortisone resulted in a significant increase in motility in two out of five strains, while no significant differences were observed with the addition of cortisol. It was concluded that stress-associated hormones, especially catecholamines, may promote growth and virulence in Campylobacter.

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Consumption of minas frescal cheese may be a source of human infection by Campylobacter jejuni

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n2a2020-42429 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Guilherme Paz Monteiro ◽

Roberta Torres de Melo ◽

Eliane Pereira Mendonça ◽

Priscila Christen Nalevaiko ◽

Mariela Moura Carreon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Human Infection ◽

Emerging Pathogen ◽

Dairy Food ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Fresh Cheese ◽

Sources Of Infection ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. is an emerging pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and the consumption of dairy food can characterize sources of infection. We aimed to verify the viability and a presence of transcripts associated with characteristics of virulence and adaptation of C. jejuni isolated from Minas Frescal cheeses, produced with contaminated milk and stored under refrigeration for up to ten days. The samples were analyzed for bioindicators, Campylobacter spp., pH, acidity, moisture and sodium chloride. Campylobacter spp. recovered were evaluated for the production of transcripts of: ciaB, dnaJ, p19 and sodB. The results were correlated with the viability of C. jejuni and changes in their transcriptome. Storage at low temperatures reduced C. jejuni from the first to the fourth day. The variations in humidity, pH and acidity influenced the decreasing of C. jejuni. There was a reduction in transcripts' production of the four genes, more pronounced on the fourth day, indicating the inability of the microorganism to perform its metabolic activities, due to the conditions of injury. Despite the presence of mechanisms of virulence and adaptation, C. jejuni could not remain viable four days after production. However, consumption of fresh cheese contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni can be a source of infection when consumed up to four days after production.

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Temporal variation in the prevalence and species richness of Campylobacter spp. in a prairie watershed impacted by urban and agricultural mixed inputs

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2015-0710 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 402-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dinah D. Tambalo ◽

Tyler Boa ◽

Bijaya Aryal ◽

Christopher K. Yost

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Fresh Produce ◽

Human Infection ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

Contaminated Irrigation Water ◽

Campylobacter Lari ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. are a substantial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Human infection can result from ingestion of contaminated food or water from a variety of sources, including the consumption of fresh produce that is contaminated with the pathogen via the use of contaminated irrigation water. Using molecular methods, we investigated the occurrence of Campylobacter in the Qu’Appelle River watershed, an important source of irrigation water for vegetable producers in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Water samples were collected from 7 sampling sites from April to September 2009 (145 samples), and from 5 sampling sites from May to October 2013 (116 samples). Campylobacter was detected in 57% and 16% of the samples collected in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Campylobacter detection was highest in May and June for both sampling years. In 2009, the predominant species were Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter jejuni, with prevalences of 84% and 41%, respectively. Other Campylobacter spp. were detected less frequently. Only C. lari was detected in 2013. The results in 2009 demonstrate the species richness of Campylobacter in water sources within the watershed. The occurrence of Campylobacter in the study area also underscores the importance of monitoring irrigation water used to irrigate fresh produce from a public health prospective.

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Genetic characterisation of a subset of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from clinical and poultry sources in Ireland

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0246843

Author(s):

Brendha Truccollo ◽

Paul Whyte ◽

Catherine Burgess ◽

Declan Bolton

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sequence Types ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter spp. is a significant and prevalent public health hazard globally. Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently recovered species from human cases and poultry are considered the most important reservoir for its transmission to humans. In this study, 30 Campylobacter jejuni isolates were selected from clinical (n = 15) and broiler (n = 15) sources from a larger cohort, based on source, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The objective of this study was to further characterise the genomes of these isolates including MLST types, population structure, pan-genome, as well as virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. A total of 18 sequence types and 12 clonal complexes were identified. The most common clonal complex was ST-45, which was found in both clinical and broiler samples. We characterised the biological functions that were associated with the core and accessory genomes of the isolates in this study. No significant difference in the prevalence of virulence or antimicrobial resistance determinants was observed between clinical and broiler isolates, although genes associated with severe illness such as neuABC, wlaN and cstIII were only detected in clinical isolates. The ubiquity of virulence factors associated with motility, invasion and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) synthesis in both clinical and broiler C. jejuni genomes and genetic similarities between groups of broiler and clinical C. jejuni reaffirm that C. jejuni from poultry remains a significant threat to public health.

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Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus–Host Interactions: What Have We Learned?

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13060999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 999

Author(s):

Sue E. Crawford ◽

Sasirekha Ramani ◽

Sarah E. Blutt ◽

Mary K. Estes

Keyword(s):

Cell Types ◽

Human Infection ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Host Microbe Interactions ◽

Human Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Human Viruses ◽

Human Infections

Historically, knowledge of human host–enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host–microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 1451-1455 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

KINGA WIECZOREK ◽

IWONA KANIA ◽

JACEK OSEK

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Gyra Gene ◽

23S Rrna Gene ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Almost All ◽

Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

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Comparison of Genotypes and Antibiotic Resistances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on Chicken Retail Meat and at Slaughter

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00493-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 3875-3878 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sonja Kittl ◽

Bożena M. Korczak ◽

Lilian Niederer ◽

Andreas Baumgartner ◽

Sabina Buettner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Human Infection ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Production Chain ◽

Content Type ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Retail Meat ◽

Retail Chicken Meat ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACTMultilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antibiotic resistance patterns ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colifrom retail chicken meat showed high overlap with isolates collected at slaughterhouses, indicating little selection along the production chain. They also showed significant common sequence types with human clinical isolates, revealing chicken meat as a likely source for human infection.

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The Campylobacter jejuni Cj0268c Protein Is Required for Adhesion and Invasion In Vitro

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0081069 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. e81069 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Malik Tareen ◽

Carsten G. K. Lüder ◽

Andreas E. Zautner ◽

Uwe Groß ◽

Markus M. Heimesaat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Adhesion And Invasion

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Postchill Campylobacter Prevalence on Broiler Carcasses in Relation to Slaughter Group Colonization Level and Chilling System

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.495 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 495-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. LINDBLAD ◽

I. HANSSON ◽

I. VÅGSHOLM ◽

R. LINDQVIST

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Intestinal Colonization ◽

Direct Plating ◽

Baseline Study ◽

Group Data ◽

Low Degree ◽

High Degree ◽

Campylobacter Spp ◽

Skin Samples

Data from an ongoing national surveillance program of Campylobacter prevalence in broiler slaughter groups were related to results from a 1-year baseline study of broiler carcasses postchill. The goals were to establish the relation between Campylobacter prevalence in slaughter groups and on carcasses and to determine the effect of various chilling systems on Campylobacter prevalence. Pooled cloacal and neck skin samples from the surveillance program were analyzed after enrichment. Carcass rinse samples from the baseline study were analyzed after enrichment and by direct plating. Data from both studies were available for 614 carcasses. Direct-plating analyses indicated that the percentages of carcasses positive for Campylobacter jejuni and other Campylobacter spp. in slaughter groups with negative cloacal samples were 2 and 10%, respectively, whereas enrichment analyses indicated prevalences of 2% in both cases. Campylobacter prevalence in slaughter groups with a high degree of intestinal colonization (more than half of the pooled cloacal samples positive) was significantly higher than in slaughter groups with a low degree of colonization (76 to 85% and 30 to 50%, respectively, depending on Campylobacter spp. and analytical method). The prevalence of Campylobacter-positive carcasses postchill was at the same level as the prevalence of carcasses that originated from slaughter groups with positive neck skin samples at four of the six slaughterhouses. Only at one slaughterhouse, with an air-chilling system, was the postchill prevalence (13%) lower than that expected from slaughter group data (23%). The postchill prevalence (43%) was higher than that expected from slaughter group data (33%) at one slaughterhouse with immersion chilling.

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Multiplex PCR Assay for Identifi cation and Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates

Folia Medica ◽

10.1515/folmed-2016-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 95-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria R. Pavlova ◽

Elina G. Dobreva ◽

Katucha I. Ivanova ◽

Galina D. Asseva ◽

Ivan N. Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Campylobacter Spp

AbstractIntroduction: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agents of gastrointestinal infections in humans. The most frequently isolated strains of this bacterial genus are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. To date, genetic methods for bacterial identification have not been used in Bulgaria. We optimized the multiplex PSR assay to identify Campylobacter spp. and differentiate C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical isolates. We also compared this method with the routinely used biochemical methods.Aim: To identify Campylobacter spp. and discriminate C. coli from C. jejuni in clinical isolates using multiplex PCR assay.Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and January 2015 we studied 93 stool samples taken from patients with diarrheal syndrome and identified 40 species of Campylobacter spp. in them. The clinical material was cultured in microaerophilic atmosphere, the isolated strains being biochemically diff erentiated (hydrolysis of sodium hippurate for C. jejuni, and hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate for C. coli). DNA was isolated from the strains using QiaAmp MiniKit (QIAGEN, Germany). Twenty strains were tested with multiplex PCR for the presence of these genes: cadF, characteristic for Campylobacter spp., hipO for C. jejuni and asp for C. coli.Results and discussion: The biochemical tests identified 16 strains of C. jejuni, 3 strains of C. coli, and 1 strain of C. upsaliensis. After the multiplex PCR assay the capillary gel electrophoresis confirmed 16 strains of C. jejuni, 2 strains of C. coli and 2 strains of Campylobacter spp. - because of the presence of the gene cadF. C. jejuni has the gene hipO, and it is possible that this gene may not be expressed in the biochemical differentiation yielding a negative reaction as a result. In comparison, we can conclude that the genetic differentiation is a more accurate method than the biochemical tests.Conclusion: The multiplex PCR assay is a fast, accurate method for identifi cation of Campylobacter spp. which makes it quite necessary in the clinical diagnostic practice.

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Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Broiler Chicken–Related Samples Using BAX PCR and Conventional International Organization for Standardization Culture

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-71.4.835 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 835-838 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

LISA K. WILLIAMS ◽

ALISDAIR MCMEECHAN ◽

TAMSIN BAALHAM ◽

LAURA WARD ◽

TOM J. HUMPHREY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Culture Method ◽

International Organization ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Production Chain ◽

Enrichment Cultures ◽

International Organization For Standardization ◽

Campylobacter Spp

In this study, the conventional International Organization for Standardization (ISO) culture method was compared with the DuPont Qualicon BAX system, a high-throughput, rapid molecular assay that can be used to detect several bacterial species, including Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in diverse sample types. Standard enrichment culture is a time-consuming process, taking up to 6 days to obtain a confirmed result. Rapid molecular assays have been developed that provide results within 24 h. Naturally contaminated samples from the poultry production chain were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Samples from broiler chicken ceca (n = 100), fresh chicken carcass rinses (n = 60), and bootsocks (gauze sock walked through a broiler chicken house; n = 50) were enriched according to the ISO 10272 method in Bolton broth specifically designed to detect Campylobacter spp. in complex sample types. Samples were enriched without blood for use with the BAX system using the Campylobacter BAX kits for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli. Samples also were directly plated onto modified charcoal cefperazone deoxycholate agar, and results were compared with those from the enriched samples for the ability to detect Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49% of samples with conventional enrichment cultures, from 48% with direct culture, from 68% with the BAX system and enrichment cultures, and from 62% with the BAX system used directly with samples. Overall, the BAX system detected more positive samples than did the conventional culture method and is an effective methodology for the rapid and reliable detection of Campylobacter spp. from diverse sample types.

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