scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Safety Evaluation of Sericin-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Moawia M. Al-Tabakha ◽  
Shujaat Ali Khan ◽  
Akram Ashames ◽  
Hamid Ullah ◽  
Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

Conventional formulations of antiviral drug acyclovir have various limitations such as low bioavailability. The current study was aimed at developing polymeric matrices for the controlled delivery of acyclovir using sericin as polymer and acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer. The free radical polymerization technique was used for hydrogel formulation. Briefly, sericin was chemically cross-linked with acrylic acid. N′-N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) were used as cross-linker and initiator, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that acyclovir was successfully loaded into sericin hydrogel. SEM micrographs revealed that the outer surface was solid-like and smooth. According to DSC thermograms, the developed polymeric network was thermally stable. Amorphous nature of acyclovir was observed in XRD. The pH of medium and reactants’ concentration affected swelling dynamics and acyclovir release pattern. In addition, drug release occurred through a diffusion-controlled process. Sericin hydrogel suspension was well tolerable up to 3800 mg/kg of rabbits’ body weight. Haematology and serum chemistry results were well within the range signifying normal liver and kidney functions. Similarly, histopathology slides of the rabbit’s vital organs were also in normal condition without causing any histopathological change. It was concluded from the findings that sericin-co-AA polymeric matrices are ideal for the pH-dependent delivery of acyclovir.

Clinical manifestations of Liver and Renal impairments in asymptomatic, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients of Madinah city of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdous Beigh ◽  
Nidda Syeed ◽  
Walaa Saeed ◽  
Ziab Alahmadey ◽  
Ibrahim Seedi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a budding infectious disease that has affected various countries globally. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 disease on liver and kidney functions and to determine their association with the severity and mortality of disease METHODS A total of 100 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients from Madinah city of Saudi Arabia hospitalized between April 28, and June 30, 2020 were included,and categorized into asymptomatic,mild to moderate and severely ill patients.We analyzed the clinical status of liver and renal functioning in all of the three groups. RESULTS The majority of patients (51%) were diagnosed with mild to moderate disease, 27% of patients were severely ill and 22% of patients were asymptomatic.The liver and renal functional analysis showed that the severity of the COVID-19 patients were significantly associated with the kidney and renal impairments exhibiting higher levels of ALT, AST, Creatinine, Urea levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in this study, a novel association is found between high Na and Cl levels with the severely ill COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from the present study that a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients continued to have a normal liver and renal function during the course of their disease. Nevertheless, severely ill COVID-19 patients were more prone to have abnormal liver and renal functions. During the course of treatment, the patients had a gradual normalization of their liver and kidney parameters and subsequently achieved a complete normal liver and renal functions upon discharge with no mortality.

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations of Liver and Renal Impairments in Asymptomatic, Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients of Madinah City of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdous beigh ◽  
Nidda Syeed ◽  
Walaa Saeed ◽  
Ziab Alahmadey ◽  
Ibrahim Seedi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a budding infectious disease that has affected various countries globally.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 disease on liver and kidney functions and to determine their association with the severity and mortality of disease.Methods: A total of 100 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients from Madinah city of Saudi Arabia hospitalized between April 28, and June 30, 2020 were included,and categorized into asymptomatic,mild to moderate and severely ill patients.We analyzed the clinical status of liver and renal functioning in all of the three groups.Results: The majority of patients (51%) were diagnosed with mild to moderate disease, 27% of patients were severely ill and 22% of patients were asymptomatic.The liver and renal functional analysis showed that the severity of the COVID-19 patients were significantly associated with the kidney and renal impairments exhibiting higher levels of ALT, AST, Creatinine, Urea levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in this study, a novel association is found between high Na and Cl levels with the severely ill COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that a significant percentage of COVID-19 patients continued to have a normal liver and renal function during the course of their disease. Nevertheless, severely ill COVID-19 patients were more prone to have abnormal liver and renal functions. During the course of treatment, the patients had a gradual normalization of their liver and kidney parameters and subsequently achieved a complete normal liver and renal functions upon discharge with no mortality.

The Role of the Initiator System in the Synthesis of Acidic Multifunctional Nanoparticles Designed for Molecular Imprinting of Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Marwa Aly Ahmed ◽  
Júlia Erdőssy ◽  
Viola Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Molecular Imprinting ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Multifunctional Nanoparticles ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Initiator System

Multifunctional nanoparticles have been shown earlier to bind certain proteins with high affinity and the binding affinity could be enhanced by molecular imprinting of the target protein. In this work different initiator systems were used and compared during the synthesis of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) nanoparticles with respect to their future applicability in molecular imprinting of lysozyme. The decomposition of ammonium persulfate initiator was initiated either thermally at 60 °C or by using redox activators, namely tetramethylethylenediamine or sodium bisulfite at low temperatures. Morphology differences in the resulting nanoparticles have been revealed using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. During polymerization the conversion of each monomer was followed in time. Striking differences were demonstrated in the incorporation rate of acrylic acid between the tetramethylethylenediamine catalyzed initiation and the other systems. This led to a completely different nanoparticle microstructure the consequence of which was the distinctly lower lysozyme binding affinity. On the contrary, the use of sodium bisulfite activation resulted in similar nanoparticle structural homogeneity and protein binding affinity as the thermal initiation.

Eudragit L-100 Capsules Aromatize and Quaternerize Chitosan for Insulin Nanoparticle Oral Delivery During Toxic Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver and Kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mahjub ◽  
Farzane K. Najafabadi ◽  
Narges Dehkhodaei ◽  
Nejat Kheiripour ◽  
Amir N. Ahmadabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: Insulin, like most peptides, is classified as a hydrophilic and macromolecular drug that is considered as a low permeable and unstable compound in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The acidic condition of the stomach can degrade insulin molecules. Moreover, the presence of proteolytic activities of some enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin can hydrolyze amide-bonds between various amino-acids in the structures of peptides and proteins. However, due to its simplicity and high patient compliance, oral administration is the most preferred route of systemic drug delivery, and for the development of an oral delivery system, some obstacles in oral administration of peptides and proteins including low permeability and low stability of the proteins in GI should be overcome. Objective: In this study, the effects of orally insulin nanoparticles (INPs) prepared from quaternerized N-aryl derivatives of chitosan on the biochemical factors of the liver in diabetic rats were studied. Methods: INPs composed of methylated (amino benzyl) chitosan were prepared by the PEC method. Lyophilized INPs were filled in pre-clinical capsules, and the capsules were enteric-coated with Eudragit L100. Twenty Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group1: normal control rats, group 2: diabetic rats, group 3: diabetic rats received capsules INPs(30 U/kg/day, orally), group 4: the diabetic rats received regular insulin (5 U/kg/day, subcutaneously). At the end of the treatment, serum, liver and kidney tissues were collected. Biochemical parameters in serum were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Also, oxidative stress was measured in plasma, liver and kidney. Histological studies were performed using H and E staining . Results: Biochemical parameters, and liver and kidney injury markers in serum of the diabetic rats that received INPs improved significantly compared with the diabetic group. INPs reduced oxidative toxic stress biomarkers in serum, liver and kidney of the diabetic treated group. Furthermore, a histopathological change was developed in the treated groups. Conclusion: Capsulated INPs can prevent diabetic liver and oxidative kidney damages (similar regular insulin). Therefore oral administration of INPs appears to be safe. Lay Summary: Although oral route is the most preferred route of administration, but oral delivery of peptides and proteins is still a challenging issue. Diabetes Mellitus may lead to severe complications, which most of them are life-threatening. In this study, we are testing the toxicity of oral insulin nanoparticles in kidney and liver of rats. For this investigation, we will prepare insulin nanoparticles composed of a quaternized derivative of chitosan. The nanoparticles will be administered orally to rats and the level of oxidative stress in their liver and kidney will be determined. The data will be compared to the subcutaneous injection of insulin.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on growth, carcass characteristics and liver and kidney functions of growing Egyptian geese

2021 ◽  
pp. 101244
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Elwy Ali Ashour ◽  
Mohamed Soliman El-Kholy ◽  
Laila Ali Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Ezzat Abd El-Hack
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

scholarly journals Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Polymeric Hydrogels as Controlled Release Carriers

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Chih-Wun Fang ◽  
Arshad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Usman Minhas ◽  
Pao-Chu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Release Studies

The purpose of the current investigation was to develop chondroitin sulfate/carbopol-co-poly(acrylic acid) (CS/CBP-co-PAA) hydrogels for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS). Different concentrations of polymers chondroitin sulfate (CS), carbopol 934 (CBP), and monomer acrylic acid (AA) were cross-linked by ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) (initiator). The fabricated hydrogels were characterized for further experiments. Characterizations such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to understand the surface morphology, thermodynamic stability, crystallinity of the drug, ingredients, and developed hydrogels. The swelling and drug release studies were conducted at two different pH mediums (pH 1.2 and 7.4), and pH-dependent swelling and drug release was shown due to the presence of functional groups of both polymers and monomers; hence, greater swelling and drug release was observed at the higher pH (pH 7.4). The percent drug release of the developed system and commercially available product cataflam was compared and high controlled release of the drug from the developed system was observed at both low and high pH. The mechanism of drug release from the hydrogels followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Conclusively, the current research work demonstrated that the prepared hydrogel could be considered as a suitable candidate for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium.

scholarly journals Poly(DL‐Lactide‐co‐ε‐Caprolactone)/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Composite Implant for Controlled Delivery of Cationic Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1800322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Janićijević ◽  
Marina Ninkov ◽  
Milena Kataranovski ◽  
Filip Radovanović
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Cationic Drugs ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

scholarly journals The effect of antioxidant properties of aqueous garlic extract and Nigella sativa as anti-schistosomiasis agents in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla S. EL Shenawy ◽  
Maha F. M. Soliman ◽  
Shimaa I. Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Remarkable Reduction

The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant and anti-schistosomal activities of the garlic extract (AGE) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on normal and Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. AGE (125 mg kg-1, i.p.) and NSO (0.2 mg kg-1, i.p.) were administrated separately or in combination for successive 28 days, starting from the 1st day post infection (pi). All mice were sacrificed at weeks 7 pi. Hematological and biochemical parameters including liver and kidney functions were measured to assess the progress of anemia, and the possibility of the tissue damage. Serum total protein level, albumin, globulin and cholesterol were also determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the liver tissues as biomarkers for oxidative and reducing status, respectively. The possible effect of the treatment regimens on Schistosoma worms was evaluated by recording percentage of the recovered worms, tissue egg and oogram pattern. Result showed that, protection with AGE and NSO prevented most of the hematological and biochemical changes and markedly improved the antioxidant capacity of schistosomiasis mice compared to the infected-untreated ones. In addition, remarkable reduction in worms, tissue eggs and alteration in oogram pattern were recorded in all the treated groups. The antioxidant and antischistosomal action of AGE and NSO was greatly diverse according to treatment regimens. These data point to these compounds as promising agents to complement schistosomiasis specific treatment.

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