scholarly journals Green-Synthesized Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Induced Osteoblastic Differentiation in Bone Co-Cultured Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Laura Costa Pinho ◽  
Marta M. Alves ◽  
Bruno Colaço ◽  
Maria Helena Fernandes ◽  
Catarina Santos
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Collagen Type 1

In this work, magnesium hydroxide NPs were synthesized using water (Mg(OH)2 NPs) or a rose hip (RH) extract (Mg(OH)2RH NPs) and tested for the bone cells’ effects in co-cultured osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, using a Transwell® insert system, allowing reciprocal cell paracrine interactions. Behavior of each cell population was characterized for typical phenotype markers, at days 1 and 6. Cell cultures treated with osteogenic/osteoclastogenic inducers were used as positive control of cell differentiation. The NPs presented a round shape morphology with an average diameter ~90 nm (Mg(OH)2 NPs) and below 10 nm (Mg(OH)2RH NPs. Both NPs induced osteoblastic and osteoclastic behavior similarly to that observed in induced osteoblastic and osteoclastic cultures (positive controls). Differences between the two types of particles were evident at the gene expression level. Compared to Mg(OH)2 NPs, the green-synthesized NPs greatly increased the expression of osteoblastic genes coding for the early markers ALP and collagen type 1 and the later transcription factor osterix, while decreasing the expression of osteoclastogenic genes, namely the essential transcription factor NFATC1, TRAP and the genes coding for the functional markers CA2 and CTSK. Overall, a positive added effect could be hypothesized for Mg(OH)2RH NPs with potential usefulness to promote bone formation in regenerative applications.

Bone Invasive Properties of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Interactions with Alveolar Bone Cells: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omel Baneen Qallandar ◽  
Faeza Ebrahimi ◽  
Farhadul Islam ◽  
Riajul Wahab ◽  
Bin Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Invasion ◽  
Alveolar Bone Cells

Background: Co-culture of cancer cells with alveolar bone cells could modulate bone invasion and destructions. However, the mechanisms of interaction between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and bone cells remain unclear. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the direct and indirect effects of OSCC cells in the stimulation of osteolytic activity and bone invasion. Methods: Direct co-culture was achieved by culturing OSCC (TCA8113) with a primary alveolar bone cell line. In the indirect co-culture, the supernatant of TCA8113 cells was collected to culture the alveolar bone cells. To assess the bone invasion properties, in vitro assays were performed. Results: The proliferation of co-cultured cancer cells was significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to the monolayer control cells. However, the proliferation rates were not significantly different between direct and indirect co-cultured cells with indirect co-cultured cells proliferated slightly more than the direct co-cultured cells. Invasion and migration capacities of co-cultured OSCC and alveolar bone cells enhanced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to that of control monolayer counterparts. Most importantly, we noted that OSCC cells directly co-cultured with alveolar bone cells stimulated pronounced bone collagen destruction. In addition, stem cells and epithelialmesenchymal transition markers have shown significant changes in their expression in co-cultured cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the importance of the interaction of alveolar bone cells and OSCC cells in co-culture setting in the pathogenesis of bone invasion. This may help in the development of potential future biotherapies for bone invasion in OSCC.

scholarly journals Rosehip Extract-Functionalized Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4172
Author(s):  
Laura Costa Pinho ◽  
Thais Francini Garbieri ◽  
Liliana Grenho ◽  
Marta M. Alves ◽  
Pedro Sousa Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Considering the role of magnesium in bone metabolism and the increasing relevance of plant-mediated green-synthesis, this work compares the bone cytocompatibility of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) produced by using pure water, Mg(OH)2, or a rosehip (RH) aqueous extract, Mg(OH)2RH. The NPs were evaluated for dose- and time-dependent effects on human osteoblastic and osteoclastic response, due to the direct involvement of the two cell types in bone metabolism. Mg(OH)2 NPs presented nanoplatelet-like morphology (mean diameter ~90 nm) and a crystalline structure (XRD analysis); the RH-mediated synthesis yielded smaller rounded particles (mean diameter <10 nm) with decreased crystallinity. On the ATR–FTIR spectra, both NPs presented the characteristic Mg-OH peaks; Mg(OH)2RH exhibited additional vibration bands associated with the presence of phytochemicals. On osteoblastic cells, NPs did not affect cell growth and morphology but significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; on osteoclastic cells, particles had little effect in protein content, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, percentage of multinucleated cells, and cell area. However, compared with Mg(OH)2, Mg(OH)2RH increased osteoblastic differentiation by inducing ALP activity and promoting the expression of Runx2, SP7, Col1a1, and ALP, and had a negative effect on the expression of the osteoclastic genes NFATC1, CA2, and CTSK. These observations suggest the potential usefulness of Mg(OH)2RH NPs in bone regeneration.

scholarly journals The EMT transcription factor ZEB1 blocks osteoblastic differentiation in bone development and osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ruh ◽  
Marc P. Stemmler ◽  
Isabell Frisch ◽  
Kathrin Fuchs ◽  
Ruthger Roey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation

Positive regulators of the lineage-specific transcription factor GATA-1 in differentiating erythroid cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3108-3114
Author(s):  
M H Baron ◽  
S M Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
Erythroid Cells

The zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1 is a major regulator of gene expression in erythroid, megakaryocyte, and mast cell lineages. GATA-1 binds to WGATAR consensus motifs in the regulatory regions of virtually all erythroid cell-specific genes. Analyses with cultured cells and cell-free systems have provided strong evidence that GATA-1 is involved in control of globin gene expression during erythroid differentiation. Targeted mutagenesis of the GATA-1 gene in embryonic stem cells has demonstrated its requirement in normal erythroid development. Efficient rescue of the defect requires an intact GATA element in the distal promoter, suggesting autoregulatory control of GATA-1 transcription. To examine whether GATA-1 expression involves additional regulatory factors or is maintained entirely by an autoregulatory loop, we have used a transient heterokaryon system to test the ability of erythroid factors to activate the GATA-1 gene in nonerythroid nuclei. We show here that proerythroblasts and mature erythroid cells contain a diffusible activity (TAG) capable of transcriptional activation of GATA-1 and that this activity decreases during the terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. Nuclei from GATA-1- mutant embryonic stem cells can still be reprogrammed to express their globin genes in erythroid heterokaryons, indicating that de novo induction of GATA-1 is not required for globin gene activation following cell fusion.

The Ets-related transcription factor PU.1 immortalizes erythroblasts

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5670-5678
Author(s):  
S Schuetze ◽  
P E Stenberg ◽  
D Kabat
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bone Marrow Cultures ◽  
Clonal Cell Lines ◽  
Related Transcription Factor

In vivo studies of Friend virus erythroleukemia have implied that proviral integrations adjacent to the gene for the Ets-related transcription factor PU.1 may inhibit the commitment of erythroblasts to differentiate and cause their capability for indefinite transplantation (C. Spiro, B. Gliniak, and D. Kabat, J. Virol. 62:4129-4135, 1988; R. Paul, S. Schuetze, S. L. Kozak, C. Kozak, and D. Kabat, J. Virol. 65:464-467, 1991). To test this hypothesis, we ligated PU.1 cDNA into a retroviral vector and studied its effects on cultured cells. Infection of fibroblasts with PU.1-encoding retrovirus resulted in PU.1 synthesis followed by nuclear pyknosis, cell rounding, and degeneration. In contrast, in long-term bone marrow cultures, erythroblasts were efficiently and rapidly immortalized. The resulting cell lines were polyclonal populations that contained PU.1, were morphologically blast-like, required erythropoietin and bone marrow stromal cells for survival and proliferation, and spontaneously differentiated at low frequency to synthesize hemoglobin. After 9 months in culture, erythroblasts became stroma independent, and they then grew as clonal cell lines. We conclude that PU.1 perturbs the pathway(s) that controls potential for indefinite proliferation and that it can be used to generate permanent erythroblast cell lines.

scholarly journals ELAPOR1 is a secretory granule maturation-promoting factor that is lost during paligenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Cho ◽  
Dongkook Park ◽  
Jason C. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Secretory Granule ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Granule Maturation

A single transcription factor, MIST1 (BHLHA15), maximizes secretory function in diverse secretory cells (like pancreatic acinar cells) by transcriptionally upregulating genes that elaborate secretory architecture. Here, we show that the scantly-studied MIST1 target, ELAPOR1, is an evolutionarily conserved, novel Mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) domain-containing protein. ELAPOR1 expression was specific to zymogenic cells (ZCs, the MIST1-expressing population in the stomach). ELAPOR1 expression was lost as tissue injury caused ZCs to undergo paligenosis (ie, to become metaplastic and reenter the cell cycle). In cultured cells, ELAPOR1 trafficked with cis-Golgi resident proteins and with the trans-Golgi and late endosome protein: cation-independent M6PR. Secretory vesicle trafficking was disrupted by expression of ELAPOR1 truncation mutants. Mass spectrometric analysis of co-immunoprecipitated proteins showed ELAPOR1 and CI-M6PR shared many binding partners. However, CI-M6PR and ELAPOR1 must function differently, as CI-M6PR co-immunoprecipitated more lysosomal proteins and was not decreased during paligenosis in vivo. We generated Elapor1−/− mice to determine ELAPOR1 function in vivo. Consistent with in vitro findings, secretory granule maturation was defective in Elapor1−/− ZCs. Our results identify a role for ELAPOR1 in secretory granule maturation and help clarify how a single transcription factor maintains mature exocrine cell architecture in homeostasis and helps dismantles it during paligenosis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ethanolic Extract of Aloe Vera Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Viki Ayu Intan Permatasari ◽  
Mutia Hariani Nurjanah ◽  
Wimbuh Tri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
High Concentrations

Since long ago Indonesia used nutritious plants as traditional medicines. Various types of plants in Indonesia can be used as alternative ingredients, one of which is aloe vera. Aloe vera contains saponin and anthraquinone, so aloe vera leaves function as antiseptic and antibacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus bacteria. This bacterium is often found as a normal germ flora in humans. Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections in humans and animals. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by using maceration extract method. The concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with positive control (Erytromycin) and negative control (aquades). The inhibitory zone analysis is done using the table method. Test of ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus produced inhibition zones at concentrations of 60%, 80% and 100% with average diameter of 6.94 mm, 6.22 mm and 9.5 mm. The conclusion of this research is the ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in high concentrations

scholarly journals Potential of Malacca leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) against Salmonella sp

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
Mahdi Abrar ◽  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Yobeswi Husna
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Property

Malacca is one of traditional medicine that possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Malacca leaf extract on the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro. The bacteria was obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The study was conducted using n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol of malacca leaves with dilution concentrations of 5%, 25%, and 50%.The inhibitory property of malacca leaf was tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of malacca leaves can inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. The n-hexane extract of malacca leaves showed a greater inhibition than the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of malacca leaves. n-hexane extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 1.35 mm (weak), 4.97 mm (moderate), and 12.87 mm (strong), respectively ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 2.00 mm (weak), 5.72 mm (moderate), and 7.58 mm (moderate), whereas in ethanol extract were 0.47 mm (weak), 2.58 mm (weak), and 4.35 mm (weak), repectively. The clear zone areas in negative and positive control were 0.00 mm 20.00 mm, respectively. Malacca leaf extract possess inhibitory property against the growth of the Salmonella sp.

scholarly journals Implication of the p53-Related miR-34c, -125b, and -203 in the Osteoblastic Differentiation and the Malignant Transformation of Bone Sarcomas

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Camille Jacques ◽  
Robel Tesfaye ◽  
Melanie Lavaud ◽  
Steven Georges ◽  
Marc Baud’huin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Protein ◽  
Genomic Integrity ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Bone Sarcomas

The formation of the skeleton occurs throughout the lives of vertebrates and is achieved through the balanced activities of two kinds of specialized bone cells: the bone-forming osteoblasts and the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Impairment in the remodeling processes dramatically hampers the proper healing of fractures and can also result in malignant bone diseases such as osteosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNAs implicated in the control of various cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their post-transcriptional regulatory role confers on them inhibitory functions toward specific target mRNAs. As miRNAs are involved in the differentiation program of precursor cells, it is now well established that this class of molecules also influences bone formation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation and the fate of osteoblasts. In response to various cell signals, the tumor-suppressor protein p53 activates a huge range of genes, whose miRNAs promote genomic-integrity maintenance, cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we review the role of three p53-related miRNAs, miR-34c, -125b, and -203, in the bone-remodeling context and, in particular, in osteoblastic differentiation. The second aim of this study is to deal with the potential implication of these miRNAs in osteosarcoma development and progression.

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