scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Laia Hernandez-Oller ◽  
Joaquin Seras-Franzoso ◽  
Fernanda Andrade ◽  
Diana Rafael ◽  
Ibane Abasolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Transport Complex

Within tumors, Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) subpopulation has an important role in maintaining growth and dissemination while preserving high resistance against current treatments. It has been shown that, when CSCs are eliminated, the surrounding Differentiated Cancer Cells (DCCs) may reverse their phenotype and gain CSC-like features to preserve tumor progression and ensure tumor survival. This strongly suggests the existence of paracrine communication within tumor cells. It is evidenced that the molecular crosstalk is at least partly mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which are cell-derived membranous nanoparticles that contain and transport complex molecules that can affect and modify the biological behavior of distal cells and their molecular background. This ability of directional transport of small molecules prospects EVs as natural Drug Delivery Systems (DDS). EVs present inherent homing abilities and are less immunogenic than synthetic nanoparticles, in general. Currently, strong efforts are focused into the development and improvement of EV-based DDS. Even though EV-DDS have already reached early phases in clinical trials, their clinical application is still far from commercialization since protocols for EVs loading, modification and isolation need to be standardized for large-scale production. Here, we summarized recent knowledge regarding the use of EVs as natural DDS against CSCs and cancer resistance.

Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research and industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Jung ◽  
Maike Windbergs
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Large Scale Production

Abstract In the fast-developing fields of pharmaceutical research and industry, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy and related technologies has been very well received due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. This chapter explores established and potential applications of Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and related techniques from the early stages of drug development research up to the implementation of these techniques in process analytical technology (PAT) concepts for large-scale production in the pharmaceutical industry. Within this chapter, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in the process of selection and optimisation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and investigation of the interaction with excipients is described. Going beyond the scope of early drug development, the reader is introduced to the use of Raman techniques for the characterization of complex drug delivery systems, highlighting the technical requirements and describing the analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition as well as spatial component distribution within these pharmaceutical systems. Further, the reader is introduced to the application of Raman techniques for performance testing of drug delivery systems addressing drug release kinetics and interactions with biological systems ranging from single cells up to complex tissues. In the last part of this chapter, the advantages and recent developments of integrating Raman technologies into PAT processes for solid drug delivery systems and biologically derived pharmaceutics are discussed, demonstrating the impact of the technique on current quality control standards in industrial production and providing good prospects for future developments in the field of quality control at the terminal part of the supply chain and various other fields like individualized medicine. On the way from the active drug molecule (API) in the research laboratory to the marketed medicine in the pharmacy, therapeutic efficacy of the active molecule and safety of the final medicine for the patient are of utmost importance. For each step, strict regulatory requirements apply which demand for suitable analytical techniques to acquire robust data to understand and control design, manufacturing and industrial large-scale production of medicines. In this context, Raman spectroscopy has come to the fore due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. Following the technical advancements in Raman equipment and analysis software, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy proofed to be valuable methods with versatile applications in pharmaceutical research and industry, starting from the analysis of single drug molecules as well as complex multi-component formulations up to automatized quality control during industrial production.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Advancements & Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 576-583
Author(s):  
Srikanth Reddy Sokkula ◽  
Suresh Gande
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs

Lipid-based drug delivery systems are extensively reported in literature for enhancing the drug solubility, permeability and bioavailability. These systems include   simple oil solutions, coarse, multiple and dry emulsions, complex self-emulsifying, microemulsifying or nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems. Self-emulsifying systems are further classified as self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are most prevailing and commercially viable oil based approach for drugs that exhibit low dissolution rate and inadequate absorption. Ever since the progress of SNEDDS, they drew the interest of researchers in order to deal with the challenges of poorly water-soluble drugs. SNEDDS is a proven method for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. Considering the ease of large-scale production and the robustness of SNEDDS, several formulations techniques are commercially available. The stability of SNEDDS can be further enhanced by solidifying liquid SNEDDS. Controlled release and supersaturated SNEDDS received patient compliance with larger drug loading. Presence of biodegradable ingredients and ‘drug-targeting opportunities’ facilitate SNEDDS a clear merit and distinction amongst available solubility enhancement techniques. In this article attempt was made to present an overview of SNEDDS, their mechanism, formulation excipients and potentials of SNEDDS, recent advancements, advantages and disadvantages of SNEDDS formulations. The article also focuses on reviewing the application of SNEDDS in enhancing bioavailability of antihypertensive drugs.

Advances in microfluidics for lipid nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles and applications in drug delivery systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Maeki ◽  
Niko Kimura ◽  
Yusuke Sato ◽  
Hideyoshi Harashima ◽  
Manabu Tokeshi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems

Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Lessons from the liposome field

2014 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy van der Meel ◽  
Marcel H.A.M. Fens ◽  
Pieter Vader ◽  
Wouter W. van Solinge ◽  
Omolola Eniola-Adefeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems

Novel biomarker and drug delivery systems for theranostics – extracellular vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ł. Stępień ◽  
Carina Rząca ◽  
Paweł Moskal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Composition Structure

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- and micro-sized double-layered membrane entities derived from most cell types and released into biological fluids. Biological properties (cell-uptake, biocompatibility), and chemical (composition, structure) or physical (size, density) characteristics make EVs a good candidate for drug delivery systems (DDS). Recent advances in the field of EVs (e.g., scaling-up production, purification) and developments of new imaging methods (total-body positron emission tomography [PET]) revealed benefits of radiolabeled EVs in diagnostic and interventional medicine as a potential DDs in theranostics.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea da Fonseca Ferreira ◽  
Dawidson Assis Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Large Scale Production

Stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely studied because of their excellent therapeutic potential. EVs from different types of stem cell can improve vascularization as well as aid in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The skin is a complex organ that is susceptible to various types of injury. Strategies designed to restore epithelial tissues’ integrity with stem cell EVs have shown promising results. Different populations of stem cell EVs are able to control inflammation, accelerate skin cell migration and proliferation, control wound scarring, improve angiogenesis, and even ameliorate signs of skin aging. However, large-scale production of such stem cell EVs for human therapy is still a challenge. This review focuses on recent studies that explore the potential of stem cell EVs in skin wound healing and skin rejuvenation, as well as challenges of their use in therapy.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles as drug delivery systems: Why and how?

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia M. Elsharkasy ◽  
Joel Z. Nordin ◽  
Daniel W. Hagey ◽  
Olivier G. de Jong ◽  
Raymond M. Schiffelers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Extracellular Vesicles Based Drug Delivery Systems

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Isha Gaurav ◽  
Abhimanyu Thakur ◽  
Ashok Iyaswamy ◽  
Xuehan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Different Origins

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major roles in intracellular communication and participate in several biological functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Surface modification of EVs via various ligands, such as proteins, peptides, or aptamers, offers great potential as a means to achieve targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo, i.e., in drug delivery systems (DDS). This review summarizes recent studies pertaining to the development of EV-based DDS and its advantages compared to conventional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS). First, we compare liposomes and exosomes in terms of their distinct benefits in DDS. Second, we analyze what to consider for achieving better isolation, yield, and characterization of EVs for DDS. Third, we summarize different methods for the modification of surface of EVs, followed by discussion about different origins of EVs and their role in developing DDS. Next, several major methods for encapsulating therapeutic cargos in EVs have been summarized. Finally, we discuss key challenges and pose important open questions which warrant further investigation to develop more effective EV-based DDS.

scholarly journals Challenges in Biomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Approach for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Opportunities for Extracellular Vesicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Asit Kumar ◽  
Lina Zhou ◽  
Kaining Zhi ◽  
Babatunde Raji ◽  
Shelby Pernell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Invasive Approach

Biomaterials have been the subject of numerous studies to pursue potential therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders and diseases. The physical and chemical properties of various materials have been explored to develop natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials with distinct advantages for use as drug delivery systems for the central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of popular biomaterials as drug delivery systems for neurogenerative diseases is provided, balancing the potential and challenges associated with the CNS drug delivery. As an effective drug delivery system, desired properties of biomaterials are discussed, addressing the persistent challenges such as targeted drug delivery, stimuli responsiveness, and controlled drug release in vivo. Finally, we discuss the prospects and limitations of incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a drug delivery system and their use for biocompatible, stable, and targeted delivery with limited immunogenicity, as well as their ability to be delivered via a non-invasive approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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