scholarly journals Effect of Size on Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Behavior: Biodistribution, Circulation Time, Interactions with Blood Cells and Immune System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Roman Verkhovskii ◽  
Alexey Ermakov ◽  
Olga Sindeeva ◽  
Ekaterina Prikhozhdenko ◽  
Anastasiia Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells.

scholarly journals MHD hybrid nanofluid flow comprising the medication through a blood artery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajdi Alghamdi ◽  
Abdelaziz Alsubie ◽  
Poom Kumam ◽  
Anwar Saeed ◽  
Taza Gul
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Rectangular Domain ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractThe current study focuses on the laminar flow of copper and copper oxide ($${\text{Cu/blood}}$$ Cu/blood and $${\text{Cu}} + {\text{CuO/blood}}$$ Cu + CuO/blood ) hybrid nanoliquid, considering blood as a carrier fluid in a rectangular domain between two permeable channels. This study may manipulate for the purpose such as the drug delivery process, flow dynamic mechanism of the micro-circulatory system. In the proposed model, MHD and heat source/sink on the flow pattern have been studied. Furthermore, the sides of each channel are permeable, allowing the nanoliquid to escape, filter, squeezing and dilating with a fixed velocity. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the governing partial differential equations and the boundary conditions suitable for computation. The elegant homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain analytic approximations for the resulting system of nonlinear differential equations. The features of flow characteristics such as velocity, and temperature profiles in response to the variations of the emerging parameters are simulated and examined with a physical explanation. The magnetic field plays a vital role in the blood flow and therefore the existing literature has been extending with the addition of magnetic field. Among the many outputs of the study, it is found that the pressure distribution decline with the accumulated values of the magnetic parameter at the center of the flow regime. The augmentation in the temperature distribution estimates the pH values and electric conductivity. Therefore, the $${\text{Cu}}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\text{CuO}}$$ Cu and CuO hybrid nanofluids are used in this study for medication purposes. The magnetic field has an important role in the blood flow and therefore the extending study has been extending using the magnetic field. The heat emission/absorption term is added to the energy equation to maintain the homogeneous temperature for the blood flow. We expect that this work will provide efficient outputs for medical purposes such as drug delivery.

scholarly journals Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Model for Magnetic Drug Targeting

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis D. Boutopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios S. Lampropoulos ◽  
George C. Bourantas ◽  
Karol Miller ◽  
Vassilios C. Loukopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a noninvasive method for the medical treatment of various diseases of the cardiovascular system. Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles loaded with medicinal drugs are carried to a tissue target in the human body (in vivo) under the applied magnetic field. The present study examines the MDT technique in various microchannels geometries by adopting the principles of biofluid dynamics (BFD). The blood flow is considered as laminar, pulsatile and the blood as an incompressible and non-Newtonian fluid. A two-phase model is adopted to resolve the blood flow and the motion of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The numerical results are obtained by utilizing a meshless point collocation method (MPCM) alongside with the moving least squares (MLS) approximation. The numerical results are verified by comparing with published numerical results. We investigate the effect of crucial parameters of MDT, including (1) the volume fraction of nanoparticles, (2) the location of the magnetic field, (3) the strength of the magnetic field and its gradient, (4) the way that MNPs approach the targeted area, and (5) the bifurcation angle of the vessel.

Computational Study on the Effects of Peripheral Vessel Network on Blood Flow in the Arterial Circle of Willis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigefumi Tokuda ◽  
Takeshi Unemura ◽  
Marie Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Peripheral Vessel

Cerebrovascular disorder such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is 3rd position of the cause of death in Japan [1]. Its initiation and growth are reported to depend on hemodynamic factors, particularly on wall shear stress or blood pressure induced by blood flow. In order to investigate the information on the hemodynamic quantities in the cerebral vascular system, the authors have been developing a computational tool using patient-specific modeling and numerical simulation [2]. In order to achieve an in vivo simulation of living organisms, it is important to apply appropriate physiological conditions such as physical properties, models, and boundary conditions. Generally, the numerical simulation using a patient-specific model is conducted for a localized region near the research target. Although the analysis region is only a part of the circulatory system, the simulation has to include the effects from the entire circulatory system. Many studies have carried out to derive the boundary conditions to model in vivo environment [3–5]. However, it is not easy to obtain the biological data of cerebral arteries due to head capsule.

Methods to measure blood flow velocity of red blood cells in vivo at the microscopic level

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick W. Slaaf ◽  
Theo J. M. Jeurens ◽  
Geert Jan Tangelder ◽  
Robert S. Reneman ◽  
Theo Arts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Measure Blood Flow

A Study on PELGE Nanoparticles as Controlled Drug Delivery Systems for Intravenous

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Rong Duan ◽  
W.S. Liu ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
Z.R. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Poly Ethylene

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo characteristics of poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lacticacid-co-glycolicacid)-poly (ethylene- glycol) (PELGE) copolymers as drug carriers. In order to test this circulation time, mitoxantrone (DHAQ) was used as a model drug in this study. DHAQ nanoparticles (DHAQ-NP) were prepared, subsequently the DHAQ-NP were evaluated by measuring the drug concentration in plasma after intravenous administration via the tail vein of mice. The circulation time of the DHAQ-NP were tested. The results showed prolonged mitoxantrone (DHAQ) residence in systemic blood circulation.

scholarly journals Blood volume, plasma volume and circulation time in a high-energy-demand teleost, the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brill ◽  
K Cousins ◽  
D Jones ◽  
P G Bushnell ◽  
J F Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Red Cell

We measured red cell space with 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, and dextran space with 500 kDa fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITC-dextran), in two groups of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Red cell space was 13.8+/-0.7 ml kg-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.) Assuming a whole-body hematocrit equal to the hematocrit measured at the ventral aortic sampling site and no significant sequestering of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells by the spleen, blood volume was 46. 7+/-2.2 ml kg-1. This is within the range reported for most other teleosts (30-70 ml kg-1), but well below that previously reported for albacore (Thunnus alalunga, 82-197 ml kg-1). Plasma volume within the primary circulatory system (calculated from the 51Cr-labeled red blood cell data) was 32.9+/-2.3 ml kg-1. Dextran space was 37.0+/-3.7 ml kg-1. Because 500 kDa FITC-dextran appeared to remain within the vascular space, these data imply that the volume of the secondary circulatory system of yellowfin tuna is small, and its exact volume is not measurable by our methods. Although blood volume is not exceptional, circulation time (blood volume/cardiac output) is clearly shorter in yellowfin tuna than in other active teleosts. In a 1 kg yellowfin tuna, circulation time is approximately 0.4 min (47 ml kg-1/115 ml min-1 kg-1) compared with 1. 3 min (46 ml kg-1/35 ml min-1 kg-1) in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and 1.9 min (35 ml kg-1/18 ml min-1 kg-1) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In air-breathing vertebrates, high metabolic rates are necessarily correlated with short circulation times. Our data are the first to imply that a similar relationship occurs in fishes.

Hydrodynamic Behavior of Magnetic Nanocomposite Spheres Under Magnetic Fields

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Wamocha ◽  
R. Asmatulu ◽  
T. S. Ravigururajan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Magnetic Nanocomposite ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Pump Speed ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In the present study, drug carrying magnetic nanocomposite spheres were fabricated using oil-in-oil emulsion/solvent evaporation method and characterized via different techniques. The spheres with a diameter of 200 nm and 3 μm consist of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a drug and magnetic nanoparticles (e.g., Fe3O4 or Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4). The spheres were initially dispersed in both deionized (DI) water and viscous glycerol solutions, and pumped in a magnetic field at different tube diameters, pump speeds and concentrations to study the hydrodynamic behavior of drug-carrying magnetic nanocomposite spheres. The test results showed that the magnetic field, tube diameter, pump speed and magnetic nanoparticle concentrations in the spheres drastically changed the capturing efficiency of the spheres. In the in vivo tests of the spheres, these parameters should be considered in order to increase the efficiency of the drug delivery systems.

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