scholarly journals MHD hybrid nanofluid flow comprising the medication through a blood artery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajdi Alghamdi ◽  
Abdelaziz Alsubie ◽  
Poom Kumam ◽  
Anwar Saeed ◽  
Taza Gul
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Rectangular Domain ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractThe current study focuses on the laminar flow of copper and copper oxide ($${\text{Cu/blood}}$$ Cu/blood and $${\text{Cu}} + {\text{CuO/blood}}$$ Cu + CuO/blood ) hybrid nanoliquid, considering blood as a carrier fluid in a rectangular domain between two permeable channels. This study may manipulate for the purpose such as the drug delivery process, flow dynamic mechanism of the micro-circulatory system. In the proposed model, MHD and heat source/sink on the flow pattern have been studied. Furthermore, the sides of each channel are permeable, allowing the nanoliquid to escape, filter, squeezing and dilating with a fixed velocity. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the governing partial differential equations and the boundary conditions suitable for computation. The elegant homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain analytic approximations for the resulting system of nonlinear differential equations. The features of flow characteristics such as velocity, and temperature profiles in response to the variations of the emerging parameters are simulated and examined with a physical explanation. The magnetic field plays a vital role in the blood flow and therefore the existing literature has been extending with the addition of magnetic field. Among the many outputs of the study, it is found that the pressure distribution decline with the accumulated values of the magnetic parameter at the center of the flow regime. The augmentation in the temperature distribution estimates the pH values and electric conductivity. Therefore, the $${\text{Cu}}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\text{CuO}}$$ Cu and CuO hybrid nanofluids are used in this study for medication purposes. The magnetic field has an important role in the blood flow and therefore the extending study has been extending using the magnetic field. The heat emission/absorption term is added to the energy equation to maintain the homogeneous temperature for the blood flow. We expect that this work will provide efficient outputs for medical purposes such as drug delivery.

scholarly journals Effect of Size on Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Behavior: Biodistribution, Circulation Time, Interactions with Blood Cells and Immune System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Roman Verkhovskii ◽  
Alexey Ermakov ◽  
Olga Sindeeva ◽  
Ekaterina Prikhozhdenko ◽  
Anastasiia Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells.

scholarly journals Magnetohydrodynamic flow due to noncoaxial rotations of a porous disk and a fourth-grade fluid at infinity

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasawar Hayat ◽  
Yongqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Porous Disk ◽  
Grade Fluid ◽  
Fourth Grade Fluid ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Conditions At Infinity

The governing equations for the unsteady flow of a uniformly conducting incompressible fourth-grade fluid due to noncoaxial rotations of a porous disk and the fluid at infinity are constructed. The steady flow of the fourth-grade fluid subjected to a magnetic field with suction/blowing through the disk is studied. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations resulting from the balance of momentum and mass are discretised by a finite-difference method and numerically solved by means of an iteration method in which, by a coordinate transformation, the semi-infinite physical domain is converted to a finite calculation domain. In order to solve the fourth-order nonlinear differential equations, asymptotic boundary conditions at infinity are augmented. The manner in which various material parameters affect the structure of the boundary layer is delineated. It is found that the suction through the disk and the magnetic field tend to thin the boundary layer near the disk for both the Newtonian fluid and the fourth-grade fluid, while the blowing causes a thickening of the boundary layer with the exception of the fourth-grade fluid under strong blowing. With the increase of the higher-order viscosities, the boundary layer has the tendency of thickening.

scholarly journals Computational Modelling of Blood Flow Development and Its Characteristics in Magnetic Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gopal Chandra Shit
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Entrance Length ◽  
Hydraulic Impedance

Of concern in this paper is an investigation of the entrance length behind singularities in cardiovascular hemodynamics under magnetic environment. In order to get better interpretation of scan MRI images, the characteristics of blood flow and electromagnetic field within the circulatory system have to be furthermore investigated. A 3D numerical model has been developed as an example of blood flowing through a straight circular tube. The governing coupled nonlinear differential equations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flow are reduced to a nondimensional form, which are then characterized by four dimensionless parameters. With an aim to validate our numerical approach, the computational results are compared with those of the analytical solution available in the developed region far from the singularity. The hydraulic impedance by unit length within the developed flow region increases with the magnetic field. The time average entrance length with a greater precision on the unsteady case decreases with increasing magnetic field strength. The overall voltage characteristics do not depend on the developed flow field within the entry region.

Improvement of drug delivery micro-circulatory system with a novel pattern of CuO-Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid flow towards a porous stretching sheet

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 4408-4429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Dinarvand ◽  
Mohammadreza Nademi Rostami ◽  
Rassoul Dinarvand ◽  
Ioan Pop
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Stretching Sheet ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to simulate the steady laminar mixed convection incompressible viscous and electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (CuO-Cu/blood) flow near the plane stagnation-point over a horizontal porous stretching sheet along with an external magnetic field and induced magnetic field effects that can be applicable in the biomedical fields like the flow dynamics of the micro-circulatory system and especially in drug delivery. Design/methodology/approach The basic partial differential equations (PDEs) are altered to a set of dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of suitable similarity variables which are then solved numerically using bvp4c scheme from MATLAB. Inasmuch as validation results have shown a good agreement with previous reports, the present novel mass-based algorithm can be used in this problem with great confidence. Governing parameters are both nanoparticle masses, base fluid mass, empirical shape factor of both nanoparticles, suction/injection parameter, magnetic parameter, reciprocal magnetic Prandtl number, Prandtl number, heat source parameter, mixed convection parameter, permeability parameter and frequency ratio. The effect of these parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the problem is discussed in detail. Findings It is shown that the use of CuO and Cu hybrid nanoparticles can reduce the hemodynamics effect of the capillary relative to pure blood case. Moreover, as the imposed magnetic field enhances, the velocity of the blood decreases. Besides, when the blade shapes for both nanoparticles are taken into account, the local heat transfer rate is maximum that is also compatible with experimental observations. Originality/value An innovative mass-based model of CuO-Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid has been applied. The novel attitude to one-phase hybrid nanofluid model corresponds to considering nanoparticles mass as well as base fluid mass to computing the solid equivalent volume fraction, the solid equivalent density and also solid equivalent specific heat.

scholarly journals Bioconvection Due to Gyrotactic Microorganisms in Couple Stress Hybrid Nanofluid Laminar Mixed Convection Incompressible Flow with Magnetic Nanoparticles and Chemical Reaction as Carrier for Targeted Drug Delivery through Porous Stretching Sheet

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3954
Author(s):  
F. M. Alharbi ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Wajid Ullah Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Incompressible Flow ◽  
Stretching Sheet ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Gyrotactic Microorganisms ◽  
Laminar Mixed Convection

In this paper, the steady electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (CuO-Cu/blood) laminar-mixed convection incompressible flow at the stagnation-point with viscous and gyrotactic microorganisms is considered. Additionally, hybrid nanofluid flow over a horizontal porous stretching sheet along with an induced magnetic field and external magnetic field effectsthat can be used in biomedical fields, such as in drug delivery and the flow dynamics of the microcirculatory system. This investigation can also deliver a perfect view about the mass and heat transfer behavior of blood flow in a circulatory system and various hyperthermia treatments such as the treatment of cancer. The simple partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a series of dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are determined using appropriate similarities variables (HAM). The influence of the suction or injection parameter, mixed convection, Prandtl number, buoyancy ratio parameter, permeability parameter, magnetic parameter, reciprocal magnetic prandtl number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, coupled stress parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Schmidt number, inertial parameter, heat source parameter, and Brownian motion parameter on the concentration, motile microorganisms, velocity, and temperature is outlined, and we study the physical importance of the present problem graphically.

scholarly journals Effect of Magnetic Field on the Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Water–Ethylene Glycol-Based Fe3O4 and Fe3O4–MWCNT Nanofluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4683
Author(s):  
Areum Lee ◽  
Chinnasamy Veerakumar ◽  
Honghyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Forced Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper discusses the forced convective heat transfer characteristics of water–ethylene glycol (EG)-based Fe3O4 nanofluid and Fe3O4–MWCNT hybrid nanofluid under the effect of a magnetic field. The results indicated that the convective heat transfer coefficient of magnetic nanofluids increased with an increase in the strength of the magnetic field. When the magnetic field strength was varied from 0 to 750 G, the maximum convective heat transfer coefficients were observed for the 0.2 wt% Fe3O4 and 0.1 wt% Fe3O4–MWNCT nanofluids, and the improvements were approximately 2.78% and 3.23%, respectively. The average pressure drops for 0.2 wt% Fe3O4 and 0.2 wt% Fe3O4–MWNCT nanofluids increased by about 4.73% and 5.23%, respectively. Owing to the extensive aggregation of nanoparticles by the external magnetic field, the heat transfer coefficient of the 0.1 wt% Fe3O4–MWNCT hybrid nanofluid was 5% higher than that of the 0.2 wt% Fe3O4 nanofluid. Therefore, the convective heat transfer can be enhanced by the dispersion stability of the nanoparticles and optimization of the magnetic field strength.

scholarly journals DC Glow Discharge in Axial Magnetic Field at Low Pressures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Gao ◽  
Shixiu Chen ◽  
Zengchao Ji ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Dc Glow Discharge ◽  
Fluid Approximation ◽  
Low Pressures ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
The Magnetic Field

On the basis of fluid approximation, an improved version of the model for the description of dc glow discharge plasma in the axial magnetic field was successfully developed. The model has yielded a set of analytic formulas for the physical quantities concerned from the electron and ion fluids equations and Poisson equation. The calculated results satisfy the practical boundary conditions. Results obtained from the model reveal that although the differential equations under the condition of axial magnetic field are consistent with the differential equations without considering the magnetic field, the solution of the equations is not completely consistent. The results show that the stronger the magnetic field, the greater the plasma density.

scholarly journals Computational Modeling of Hybrid Sisko Nanofluid Flow over a Porous Radially Heated Shrinking/Stretching Disc

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Umair Khan ◽  
Aurang Zaib ◽  
Anuar Ishak ◽  
Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel ◽  
Sakhinah Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Flow Problem ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Shear Thinning Fluids ◽  
Water Based ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The present study reveals the behavior of shear-thickening and shear-thinning fluids in magnetohydrodynamic flow comprising the significant impact of a hybrid nanofluid over a porous radially shrinking/stretching disc. The features of physical properties of water-based Ag/TiO2 hybrid nanofluid are examined. The leading flow problem is formulated initially in the requisite form of PDEs (partial differential equations) and then altered into a system of dimensionless ODEs (ordinary differential equations) by employing suitable variables. The renovated dimensionless ODEs are numerically resolved using the package of boundary value problem of fourth-order (bvp4c) available in the MATLAB software. The non-uniqueness of the results for the various pertaining parameters is discussed. There is a significant enhancement in the rate of heat transfer, approximately 13.2%, when the impact of suction governs about 10% in the boundary layer. Therefore, the heat transport rate and the thermal conductivity are greater for the new type of hybrid nanofluid compared with ordinary fluid. The bifurcation of the solutions takes place in the problem only for the shrinking case. Moreover, the sketches show that the nanoparticle volume fractions and the magnetic field delay the separation of the boundarylayer.

Magnetic Nano-Systems in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 663-695
Author(s):  
Saritha R. Shetty ◽  
Archana Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Nanoscale Science ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Unique Ability

Nanotechnology is that sphere of technology that involves the participation of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering sciences. Nanoscale science defines the chemistry and physics of structures lying in the range of 1-100 nm. Among the nanosystems researched, magnetic nanosystems are highlighted due their unique ability, which enables their targeting to specific locations on application of an external magnetic field. The exhibited property of these magnetic nanosystems being super-paramagnetism, there is no retention of magnetic property on removal of the magnetic field, thus enabling a reversion of the targeting process. For effective utilization of these nanosystems, they should be reduced to nanosizes, layered with biocompatible entities, stabilized, and functionalized. In the chapter, synthesis and functionalization and stabilization are elucidated. The biomedical applications such as targeted delivery, MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, tissue engineering, gene delivery, magnetic immunotherapy, magnetic detoxification, and nanomagnetic actuation are discussed.

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