scholarly journals Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Model for Magnetic Drug Targeting

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis D. Boutopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios S. Lampropoulos ◽  
George C. Bourantas ◽  
Karol Miller ◽  
Vassilios C. Loukopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a noninvasive method for the medical treatment of various diseases of the cardiovascular system. Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles loaded with medicinal drugs are carried to a tissue target in the human body (in vivo) under the applied magnetic field. The present study examines the MDT technique in various microchannels geometries by adopting the principles of biofluid dynamics (BFD). The blood flow is considered as laminar, pulsatile and the blood as an incompressible and non-Newtonian fluid. A two-phase model is adopted to resolve the blood flow and the motion of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The numerical results are obtained by utilizing a meshless point collocation method (MPCM) alongside with the moving least squares (MLS) approximation. The numerical results are verified by comparing with published numerical results. We investigate the effect of crucial parameters of MDT, including (1) the volume fraction of nanoparticles, (2) the location of the magnetic field, (3) the strength of the magnetic field and its gradient, (4) the way that MNPs approach the targeted area, and (5) the bifurcation angle of the vessel.

Mathematical Model on Magnetic Drug Targeting in a Permeable Microvessel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shaw ◽  
P. Sibanda ◽  
P. V. S. N. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Targeting ◽  
Malignant Tissue

A mathematical model is presented for predicting magnetic targeting of multifunctional carrier particles that deliver therapeutic agents to malignant tissue in vivo. These particles consist of a nonmagnetic core material that contains embedded magnetic nanoparticles and therapeutic agents such as photodynamic sensitizers. For in vivo therapy, the particles are injected into the micro vascular system upstream from malignant tissue, and captured at the tumor using an applied magnetic field. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for predicting noninvasive magnetic targeting of therapeutic carrier particles in a micro vessel. The flow of blood in the micro vessel is described by a two phase Herschel-Bulkley fluid model. The Brinkmann model is used to characterize the permeable nature of the inner wall of the micro-vessel. The fluidic force on the carrier traversing the micro-vessel and the magnetic force due to the external magnetic field is taken into account. The model enables rapid parametric analysis of magnetic targeting as a function of key variables including the size of the carrier particle, the properties and volume fraction of the imbedded magnetic nanoparticles, the properties of the magnet, the micro vessel and the permeability of the micro vessel.

scholarly journals Nonviral Locally Injected Magnetic Vectors for In Vivo Gene Delivery: A Review of Studies on Magnetofection

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Artem A. Sizikov ◽  
Marianna V. Kharlamova ◽  
Maxim P. Nikitin ◽  
Petr I. Nikitin ◽  
Eugene L. Kolychev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
In Vivo Gene Delivery ◽  
Magnetic Vectors

Magnetic nanoparticles have been widely used in nanobiomedicine for diagnostics and the treatment of diseases, and as carriers for various drugs. The unique magnetic properties of “magnetic” drugs allow their delivery in a targeted tumor or tissue upon application of a magnetic field. The approach of combining magnetic drug targeting and gene delivery is called magnetofection, and it is very promising. This method is simple and efficient for the delivery of genetic material to cells using magnetic nanoparticles controlled by an external magnetic field. However, magnetofection in vivo has been studied insufficiently both for local and systemic routes of magnetic vector injection, and the relevant data available in the literature are often merely descriptive and contradictory. In this review, we collected and systematized the data on the efficiency of the local injections of magnetic nanoparticles that carry genetic information upon application of external magnetic fields. We also investigated the efficiency of magnetofection in vivo, depending on the structure and coverage of magnetic vectors. The perspectives of the development of the method were also considered.

scholarly journals In Vivo Study on Magnetomotive Ultrasound Imaging in the Framework of Nanoparticle based Magnetic Drug Targeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Michael Fink ◽  
Stefan J. Rupitsch ◽  
Helmut Ermert ◽  
Stefan Lyer
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
First Time

AbstractVarious medical procedures make use of magnetic nanoparticles, such as Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT), which boosts the demand for imaging modalities that are capable of in vivo visualizing this kind of particles. Magnetomotive Ultrasound is an imaging technique that can detect tissue, which is perfused by magnetic nanoparticles. In this contribution, we investigate the suitability of Magnetomotive Ultrasound to serve as a monitoring system during MDT. With the conducted measurements, it was possible for the first time to observe in vivo the accumulation of iron-oxide nanoparticles during a Magnetic Drug Targeting cancer treatment applied to a small animal (rabbit).

SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES IN BLOOD FLOW FOR MAGNETIC DRUG TARGETING APPLICATIONS

nano Online ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Slabu ◽  
A Röth ◽  
G Güntherodt ◽  
T Schmitz-Rode ◽  
M Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting

The Effect of Shape Factor on the Magnetic Targeting in the Permeable Microvessel With Two-Phase Casson Fluid Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Shaw ◽  
P. V. S. N. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Casson Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Targeting ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Casson Fluid Model ◽  
Phase Fluid

The present investigation deals with magnetic drug targeting in a microvessel of radius 5 μm using two-phase fluid model. The microvessel is divided into the endothelial glycocalyx layer wherein the blood obeys Newtonian character and a core region wherein the blood obeys the non-Newtonian Casson fluid character. The carrier particles, bound with nanoparticles and drug molecules, are injected into the vascular system upstream from the malignant tissue and are captured at the tumor site using a local applied magnetic field near the tumor position. Brinkman model is used to characterize the permeable nature of the inner wall of the microvessel. The expressions for the fluidic force for the carrier particle traversing in the two-phase fluid in the microvessel and the magnetic force due to the external magnetic field are obtained. Several factors that influence the magnetic targeting of the carrier particles in the microvasculature, such as the size and shape of the carrier particle, the volume fraction of embedded magnetic nanoparticles, and the distance of separation of the magnet from the axis of the microvessel, are considered in the present problem. The system of coupled equations is solved to obtain the trajectories of the carrier particle in the noninvasive case.

Quantification of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Magnetorelaxometry and Comparison to Histology After Magnetic Drug Targeting

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3222-3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wiekhorst ◽  
C. Seliger ◽  
R. Jurgons ◽  
U. Steinhoff ◽  
D. Eberbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Drug Carrier System

Magnetic nanoparticles can be used in medicine in vivo as contrast agents and as a drug carrier system for chemotherapeutics. Thus local cancer therapy is performed with Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT) and allows a specific delivery of therapeutic agents to desired targets, i.e., tumors, by using a chemotherapeutic substance bound to magnetic nanoparticles and focused with an external magnetic field to the tumor after intraarterial application. Important for this therapeutic principle is the distribution of the particles in the whole organism and especially in the tumor. Therefore we used magnetorelaxometry to quantify ferrofluids delivered after MDT. Tissue samples of some mm3 volume of a VX2 squamous cell carcinoma were measured by magnetic relaxation and the amount of iron was determined using the original ferrofluid suspension as a reference. From this the distribution of the magnetic particles within the slice of tumor was reconstructed. Histological cross-sections of the respective tumor offer the opportunity to map quantitatively the particle distribution and the vascularisation in the targeted tumor on a microscopic scale. Our data show that the integral method magnetorelaxometry and microscopic histological methods can complete each other efficiently.

scholarly journals Effect of Size on Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Behavior: Biodistribution, Circulation Time, Interactions with Blood Cells and Immune System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Roman Verkhovskii ◽  
Alexey Ermakov ◽  
Olga Sindeeva ◽  
Ekaterina Prikhozhdenko ◽  
Anastasiia Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells.

scholarly journals Magnetofection In Vivo by Nanomagnetic Carriers Systemically Administered into the Bloodstream

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Artem A. Sizikov ◽  
Petr I. Nikitin ◽  
Maxim P. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Magnetic Nanostructures ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Nanoparticle-based technologies are rapidly expanding into many areas of biomedicine and molecular science. The unique ability of magnetic nanoparticles to respond to the magnetic field makes them especially attractive for a number of in vivo applications including magnetofection. The magnetofection principle consists of the accumulation and retention of magnetic nanoparticles carrying nucleic acids in the area of magnetic field application. The method is highly promising as a clinically efficient tool for gene delivery in vivo. However, the data on in vivo magnetofection are often only descriptive or poorly studied, insufficiently systematized, and sometimes even contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the review was to systematize and analyze the data that influence the in vivo magnetofection processes after the systemic injection of magnetic nanostructures. The main emphasis is placed on the structure and coating of the nanomagnetic vectors. The present problems and future trends of the method development are also considered.

Fluid mechanics aspects of magnetic drug targeting

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Odenbach
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Targeting Efficiency ◽  
Flow Phantom ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractExperiments and numerical simulations using a flow phantom for magnetic drug targeting have been undertaken. The flow phantom is a half y-branched tube configuration where the main tube represents an artery from which a tumour-supplying artery, which is simulated by the side branch of the flow phantom, branches off. In the experiments a quantification of the amount of magnetic particles targeted towards the branch by a magnetic field applied via a permanent magnet is achieved by impedance measurement using sensor coils. Measuring the targeting efficiency, i.e. the relative amount of particles targeted to the side branch, for different field configurations one obtains targeting maps which combine the targeting efficiency with the magnetic force densities in characteristic points in the flow phantom. It could be shown that targeting efficiency depends strongly on the magnetic field configuration. A corresponding numerical model has been set up, which allows the simulation of targeting efficiency for variable field configuration. With this simulation good agreement of targeting efficiency with experimental data has been found. Thus, the basis has been laid for future calculations of optimal field configurations in clinical applications of magnetic drug targeting. Moreover, the numerical model allows the variation of additional parameters of the drug targeting process and thus an estimation of the influence, e.g. of the fluid properties on the targeting efficiency. Corresponding calculations have shown that the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid will significantly influence the targeting process, an aspect which has to be taken into account, especially recalling the fact that the viscosity of magnetic suspensions depends strongly on the magnetic field strength and the mechanical load.

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