scholarly journals A 15-Year Ecological Comparison for the Hiring Dynamics of Minnesota Pharmacies between 2006 and 2020

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jon C. Schommer ◽  
Anthony W. Olson ◽  
SuHak Lee ◽  
Caroline A. Gaither ◽  
Stephen W. Schondelmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Hiring Practices ◽  
Job Turnover ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
Integrate Technology ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lost Opportunity

Labor market forces in pharmacy are affected by frictional unemployment (job turnover), structural employment forces that require new skill sets for employees, and hiring practices that integrate technology or less costly labor such as pharmacy technicians. The objectives of this study were to describe hiring trends for both the pharmacist and technician workforces in licensed pharmacies on a biennial basis from 2006 through 2020 using data collected in Minnesota. Ecological comparisons were made between the survey years using descriptive statistics. For open-ended questions added to the 2020 survey, content analysis was applied. Demand for technicians increased which might be due to the expansion of their roles into activities that had been reserved for the pharmacist. Pharmacies reportedly would like to hire pharmacists to meet the demand for new services that pharmacists can provide. However, respondents articulated that this is not feasible under current economic pressures. This represents a lost opportunity for transformation in pharmacy that would establish pharmacists’ roles in the rapidly transforming health care value chain. We conclude that hiring dynamics in pharmacies are being driven more by economic and organizational shifts than meeting the demand for services that pharmacists can provide.

scholarly journals Income differentials on regional labour markets in Southwest Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-396
Author(s):  
Alice Guyot ◽  
Stefan Berwing ◽  
Maria Lauxen-Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Regional Types

The aim of our paper is to identify explanatory variables for income disparities between women and men across different regional types. Using data from the BA Employment Panel (BEP) descriptive statistics show that the gender pay gap grows wider from core regions to periphery. The main explanatory variables for the income differentials are vocational education in the men's case and size of enterprise in the women's case. Whereas in the case of women the importance of vocational status increases and the importance of size of enterprise decreases from rural areas to urban areas.

scholarly journals Cost Burden and Accessibility: Analysis of Indonesian Household Energy Expenditure

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Audhi Ahmad Balya ◽  
Marcella Alika Hutabarat ◽  
Djoni Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Accessibility Analysis ◽  
Using Data

The Main Objectives of this study are to check whether Indonesian households suffer from energy poverty or not, as well as to determine the accessibility to certain modern energy accesses (LPG and Electricity) and the energy cost burden that Indonesian households must bear. Using data from SUSENAS 2014, this research is conducted by utilizing descriptive statistics analysis and  Cross-Section OLS to achieve the objectives. It was found that there is no single Island Cluster in Indonesia suffers from energy cost burden. There are also differences in accessibility of modern energy and its relation to energy expenditure, especially in Maluku and Papua.

scholarly journals Tenure, Turnover, And Earnings Profiles In Germany And The United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Couch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Turnover ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Employment Tenure ◽  
Returns To Experience ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Male Workers

Employment tenure, job turnover and returns to general and specific skills are examined for male workers in Germany and the United States using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.  Employment in Germany is characterized by longer duration and less frequent turnover than in the United States.  Returns to experience and tenure are lower in Germany than in the U.S.; however, peak earnings occur later.  This delayed peak in the employment-earnings profile provides an incentive for German workers to remain longer with their employers and change jobs less frequently.

UNDERSTANDING REAL-WORLD BIOLOGIC MAINTENANCE DOSING PATTERNS AMONG PEDIATRIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S23-S23
Author(s):  
Wallace Crandall ◽  
Richard Colletti ◽  
Wendy Komocsar ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
Jennifer Dotson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract Objectives To assess the initial and long-term maintenance dosing of biologic medications in pediatric UC and CD patients, using data in the ICN registry. Methods Pediatric patients (2–17 years) in the US who were diagnosed with UC or CD between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019, who, after enrollment in the ICN registry, initiated a biologic (adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and natalizumab) and were actively followed for at least 12 months after first maintenance dose were included in this study. Descriptive statistics of baseline patient demographics were summarized for the overall Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patient population and separately for UC and CD. Biologic maintenance dosage was calculated for UC and CD patients who had data for both dose and weight for each biologic at the baseline visit (first maintenance dose), 1-year and 3-year time points. Results A total of 1,887 pediatric IBD patients (UC=350; CD=1,537) were included in this study. Patients had a mean age at diagnosis of 12.9 years (UC=13.1; CD=12.9), 57.1% were male (UC=48.9%; CD=59.0%), and 80.6% were White (UC=79.8%; CD=80.8%) (Table 1). Infliximab (77.0%) was the most commonly prescribed biologic for UC, followed by adalimumab (12.4%), vedolizumab (10.1%), certolizumab (0.3%), and ustekinumab (0.3%). Similarly, infliximab (80.6%) was the most commonly prescribed biologic for CD, followed by adalimumab (16.5%), vedolizumab (1.6%), ustekinumab (1.2%), and certolizumab (0.1%) (Table 2). At first maintenance dose, UC patients on infliximab were receiving a mean dose of 10.5mg/kg/8wk, patients on adalimumab (weight <40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 1.3mg/kg/2wk, patients on adalimumab (weight≥40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 0.8mg/kg/2wk, and patients on vedolizumab were receiving a mean dose of 6.9mg/kg/8wks. Mean dose of infliximab among UC patients increased from 10.5mg/kg/8wk at first maintenance dose to 11.8mg/kg/8wk at 1-year from first maintenance dose. At the first maintenance dose, CD patients on infliximab were receiving a mean dose of 8.1mg/kg/8wk, patients on adalimumab (weight <40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 1.1mg/kg/2wk, patients on adalimumab (weight ≥40kg) were receiving a mean dose of 0.8mg/kg/2wk, patients receiving vedolizumab were receiving a mean dose of 10.5mg/kg/8wks. Mean dose of infliximab among CD patients increased from 8.1mg/kg/8wk at first maintenance dose to 9.6mg/kg/8wk at 1-year from first maintenance dose. Conclusion These results highlight the biologic maintenance dose changes among pediatric UC and CD patients. TNF inhibitors remain the most commonly used class of biologic, but the doses being used are double the standard dosing guidelines. There is little evidence of dose reduction over time among pediatric UC and CD patients in the ICN registry.

scholarly journals Measuring the effectiveness of patient-chosen reminder methods in a private orthodontic practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Wegrzyniak ◽  
Deborah Hedderly ◽  
Kishore Chaudry ◽  
Prashanti Bollu
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Patient Appointment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retrospective Case Study ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Office Location ◽  
Patient Attendance

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate the effectiveness of patient-chosen appointment reminder methods (phone call, e-mail, or SMS text) in reducing no-show rates.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective case study that determined the correlation between patient-chosen appointment reminder methods and no-show rates in a private orthodontic practice. This study was conducted in a single office location of a multioffice private orthodontic practice using data gathered in 2015. The subjects were patients who self-selected the appointment reminder method (phone call, e-mail, or SMS text). Patient appointment data were collected over a 6-month period. Patient attendance was analyzed with descriptive statistics to determine any significant differences among patient-chosen reminder methods.Results:There was a total of 1193 appointments with an average no-show rate of 2.43% across the three reminder methods. No statistically significant differences (P = .569) were observed in the no-show rates between the three methods: phone call (3.49%), e-mail (2.68%), and SMS text (1.90%).Conclusions:The electronic appointment reminder methods (SMS text and e-mail) had lower no-show rates compared with the phone call method, with SMS text having the lowest no-show rate of 1.90%. However, since no significant differences were observed between the three patient-chosen reminder methods, providers may want to allow patients to choose their reminder method to decrease no-shows.

scholarly journals Empirical Research on Pedagogical Dictionary Use in Recent 30 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dictionary Use

Research on dictionary use is a relatively new field in lexicography. Among them, the empirical studies which were few before 1990s has gained ground over recent three decades. Using data of 35 articles from International Journal of Lexicography (1987–2017), this study renders an analysis of the empirical research trends in the field of dictionary use. The analysis mainly focuses on the research topics, research methodology, and the changes that have occurred in the field. The results show that while some hot topics (e.g., the effectiveness of dictionary use or of certain dictionary information) have remained popular over the past two decades, some topics, e.g., the exploration of dictionary using process have received an increasing attention, but some others, e.g., the investigation on habits and needs of dictionary use, have witnessed a decrease of interest recently. Furthermore, researchers have improved the methodological standards for recent studies. As for data analysis, more complicated statistic approaches, rather than pure descriptive statistics, have been adopted. Finally, based on the analysis on previous studies, this paper offers suggestions for further research trend.

scholarly journals The cost and revenue analysis of transactions through live sheep value chain in Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Nuha. E. Abass ◽  
◽  
Mohamed. A. Ibnouf ◽  
Abdelateif. H. Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
The Cost

Present study was conducted to examine the cost and revenues along the live sheep value chain in Sudan besides the determination of marketing indicators and value addition for the sheep as economic performance among the main actors of the chain covering the locations of Elkhwei, Elnhud locality in West Kordofan state and Omdurman locality in Khartoum state. The data were collected through a field survey conducted during July- September 2018 using questionnaires, stratified random sampling representing the live sheep value chain actors of producers, wholesalers, retailers, processors, and exporters with a total sample size of 300 respondents. The study was following the descriptive statistics methods. The results showed that the producers, exporters, and processors bear the major cost in the live sheep value chain compared to retailers and wholesalers. The cost items of transporting, loading, and veterinary care were the major cost items after the certificate of origin and feed items for they comprised the main value activities performed along the chain of exporters. Also, the revenues of live sheep marketing increase along the value chain to reach its highest value for exporters. That is the same for the marketing indicators "GMM, NMM, and GPM as they increase along with the value chain actors. The producers' share in the sheep marketing value chain in Sudan owns 29% of the sheep market and the sheep (MER) in Sudan is considered as very good registering 71%. Exporters get the most value of sheep marketing as a commodity moving along the value chain reaching 67% compared to value-added for the other factors

scholarly journals PRODUCT AND SERVICE QUALITY DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING: A STUDY OF OPTICAL LENS MANUFACTURING INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refli Simbolon ◽  
Sugeng Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
On Time Delivery

<p class="Badan"><em><span lang="EN-US">       </span></em><span lang="EN-US">For optical lens manufacturing the development of product and service quality is a key thing in answering challenges in the business competition it is developing. To achieve this determine the Key Performance Indicator (KPI), the Rejected Rate and On-Time Delivery (OTD) to measure the extent of the performance that has been achieved and how to develop it, shape the work culture of Kaizen which commits to continuous improvement and value chain analysis largely determine the process of developing production and service quality. The Kaizen culture and value chain applied in achieving the KPI target in this study succeeded in reducing the KPI Rejected Rate by 0. 46% and raise OTD by 2. 22%. The method used in this study uses a review of literature studies, observations, and direct interviews of the plant manager of one of the largest optical lenses manufacturers in Indonesia using data comparisons in 2018 and 2020.</span></p>

Is information technology education industry-relevant and gender-inclusive? Perspectives from Andhra Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 095042222097253
Author(s):  
Sundar Balakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Information Technology Education ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

Industry reports show that fresh engineering and non-engineering graduates from Indian universities are not readily employable. The Government-owned Andhra Pradesh Information Technology Academy (APITA) seeks to equip graduates from the state’s degree and engineering colleges with industry-relevant skill sets for gainful employment. This study describes the activities of APITA and empirically examines two questions: (1) Do students from colleges affiliated to APITA command higher salaries as compared to students from colleges not affiliated to APITA? (2) Do women graduates receive starting salaries that are lower than those of their male counterparts? Using data from placements conducted by APITA for the state’s students in the year 2017–18, the study finds that the job market signals the higher quality of APITA-trained students by offering them higher salaries than are offered to students from colleges that are not APITA affiliates. The study also shows that there is a wage premium attributable to the female gender insofar as entry level salary levels are concerned. The study highlights the constraints faced by APITA, and its future role in addressing the deficiencies, along with managerial implications.

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