scholarly journals Application of Exogenous Phytohormones at Silking Stage Improve Grain Quality under Post-Silking Drought Stress in Waxy Maize

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Longfei Wang ◽  
Yini Yan ◽  
Weiping Lu ◽  
Dalei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Waxy Maize ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin

The application of exogenous plant growth regulator can improve plant resistance to drought stress. The effects of application of exogenous cytokinin (CTK), brassinolide (BR), or gibberellic acid (GA) at the silking time on the grain quality of two waxy maize hybrids under drought stress at grain formation stage were studied. Grain weight of both hybrids was unaffected by exogenous phytohormones under control conditions but increased under drought conditions with the application of BR. The grain starch content in response to drought varied with hybrid and phytohormone. Starch granule size and protein content in grains were increased by drought under all conditions, but various phytohormones exerted different forms of influence. The starch λmax in Yunuo7 was unaffected by single or interaction of phytohormones and water deficit, λmax in Jingkenuo2000 with BR was unaffected but with CTK or GA increased by drought. Relative crystallinity was reduced by drought without the application of phytohormone, but with phytohormones in response to drought it was different. Flour peak viscosity was reduced by drought. The value was increased with BR spraying under control and drought conditions. Retrogradation percentage under drought conditions was unaffected by exogenous phytohormones in Jingkenuo2000. In Yunuo7, retrogradation percentage was unaffected by BR but reduced by CTK and GA. In conclusion, spraying phytohormones at the silking stage can affect grain weight and starch quality, grains with a sticky taste can be improved by applying BR, and grains with low retrograde tendency can be produced by applying CTK.

scholarly journals GRAIN QUALITY OF MUTANT LINES INDUCED IN MALTING BARLEY VARIETIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
B. Dyulgerova ◽  
N. Dyulgerov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Forty-three mutant lines selected on the base of their high grain yield along with parent varieties Kuber, Zagorets, Asparuh, and Imeon were grown in field trials at the Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat in three consecutive years. Eight physical and chemical characteristics of grain related to the grain quality of malting barley were measured. There was considerable variation among barley mutant lines for all studied traits. Mutant lines with higher extract content, grain uniformity, 1000 grain weight, and lower protein content in grain compared to parent varieties were found. The correlations among traits showed that improvement of extract content of mutant lines was associated with increased grain uniformity, starch content, grain size, and 1000 grain weight and reduced protein content. The results from cluster analysis indicated that mutants originated from the same parent were grouped into different clusters. Therefore, the sodium azide treatment effectively induced diverse types of changes in the grain characteristics.

Effects of Salinity and Drought Stress on Grain Quality of Durum Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Houshmand ◽  
A. Arzani ◽  
S. A. M. Mirmohammadi-Maibody
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality

scholarly journals Formation of corn grain quality in different directions of use depending on the technology of growing in the Forest-steppe

1970 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
V. F. Kaminskyi ◽  
N. M. Asanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Corn Grain

Purpose. The aim of the research conducted during 2016-2019 was to determine the impact of technological methods on the indicators of corn grain quality to optimize the elements of growing technology depending on the directions of use in conditions of the Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods – field, quantitative and weight, chemical, comparative and calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the results of the research, dependences of formation of quality of grain on the content of protein, starch, fat in it and correlation dependencies between these indicators and yield of corn have been revealed. The best quality of grain of a forage and food direction is formed when applying high doses of mineral fertilizers, and for processing on bioethanol the optimal content of starch and protein is guaranteed at optimum and raised level of fertilizing. It was established that the content of protein, starch and fat had less effect on their yield from 1 hectare than the general yield level. The technologies of cultivation of different intensity as to their possible application for the production of grain of different directions of use with the given quality parameters, the yield of protein, starch, fat and bioethanol have been evaluated. Conclusions. The technology of corn growing with complex application of intensification elements in conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone, which includes introduction of N240P120K240 on the background of by-products of its predecessor, application of the soil and insurance herbicide, plant growth and micro-fertilizers is suitable for fodder and food purposes and ensured the yield of 12.1 t/ha of grain with protein content and yield – 10.56% and 1.28 t/ha, fat – 4.29% and 0.52 t/ha, starch – 71.27% and 8.62 t/ha. For processing on bioethanol effective is the technology of corn growing with the introduction of N180P120K180, by-products of the predecessor, soil herbicide and bio-stimulants, which provided a yield of 9.76 t/ha of grain with a starch content of 72.26% for the yield of 7.05 t/ha and yield of bioethanol at the level of 3982 l/ha.

Grain quality of elite bread wheat genotypes under non-stress and drought-stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-334
Author(s):  
Zamalotshwa Thungo ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Alfred Odindo ◽  
Jacob Mashilo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Time and Growing Density on Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield, and Grain Quality of Waxy Sorghum Cultivar Hongliangfeng 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Lingbo Zhou ◽  
Guobing Zhang ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Xu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sowing time and growing density on the yield and quality of grain in waxy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). The main plots were two sowing time: early sowing (5 April) and late sowing (20 April), and the subplots were three growing densities: 0.8 × 105, 1.1 × 105, and 1.4 × 105 plants/ha. Results showed that sowing time and growing density had significant effects on grain yield and grain quality of waxy sorghum cultivar Hongliangfeng 1. Grain yield, plant height, spike length, culm diameter, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, starch content, and amylopectin content were reduced by a delay of sowing time, while the tannin content and amylose content were increased by a delay of sowing time. Grain yield, plant height, spike length, culm diameter, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, starch content, and amylopectin content increased and then decreased with the increase of growing density, while the tannin content and amylose content decreased and then increased with the increase of growing density. These results hinted that appropriate sowing time and growing density are key cultivation measures to ensure high yield and good quality in waxy sorghum production.

scholarly journals Qualitative dynamics of waxy maize (Jikenuo 19) in different harvest times

2021 ◽  
pp. 987-992
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Meiqi Rong ◽  
Yuanfei Guo ◽  
Zhihui Xu ◽  
Qiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Waxy Maize ◽  
Value Recovery ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Qualitative Dynamics

Jikenuo 19 was used as experimental material, and six harvest times were set to study the effects of different harvest times on grain quality and gelatinization characteristics, so as to provide reference for the harvest time and quality improvement of waxy maize varieties. The results showed that when the harvest time was 27 days after pollination, the sensory and cooking quality score of Jikenuo 19 was the highest. Starch content increased with the delay of harvest time, while protein and soluble sugar content decreased. With the delay of harvest time, the peak viscosity, valley viscosity, final viscosity, disintegration value, recovery value and peak time all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Compared with starch and soluble sugar, the effect of protein in grain on gelatinization characteristics was higher. The present findings reveal that the best harvest time was 27 days after pollination, which will provide reference for determining the best harvest time and improving grain quality. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 987-992, 2021 (September) Special

scholarly journals Moringa leaf extract improves biochemical attributes, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254452
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

Changing climate, food shortage, water scarcity and rapidly increasing population are some of the emerging challenges globally. Drought stress is the most devastating threat for agricultural productivity. Natural plant growth substances are intensively used to improve the productivity of crop plants grown under stressed and benign environments. The current study evaluated whether leaf extract of different moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) could play a role in improving drought-tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants were grown under three drought conditions, i.e., no, moderate and severe drought (100, 75 and 50% field capacity, respectively). Moringa leaf extract (MLE) obtained from four landraces (Multan, Faisalabad, D. G. Khan and exotic landrace from India) was applied during critical crop growth stages, i.e., tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling. Drought stress adversely affected the gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes’ activities, yield and quality parameters of rice. Application of MLE from all landraces significantly improved physiological, biochemical and yield parameters under stressed and normal environmental conditions. The highest improvement in gas exchange traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and respiration rate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and oxidative marker (H2O2) was recorded with MLE obtained from Faisalabad landrace. The application of MLE of Faisalabad landrace also improved yield and grain quality of rice grown under drought stress as well as drought-free environment. Thus, MLE of Faisalabad can be successfully used to improve growth, productivity and grain quality of rice under drought stress.

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