scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Application on Arsenic Species Accumulation and Co-Deposition of Polyphenols in Rice Grain: Phyto and Food Safety Evaluation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Arghya Chattopadhyay ◽  
Anand Prakash Singh ◽  
Deepak Kasote ◽  
Indrajit Sen ◽  
Ahmed Regina
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
As Species ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of soil application of different concentrations of orthophosphate (P) (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg kg−1) on rice agronomic and yield parameters, arsenic (As) species accumulation, and polyphenol levels in the grain of rice grown under As spiked soil (10 mg kg−1). The contents of As species (As(V), As (III), MMA and DMA) and polyphenols in rice grain samples were estimated using LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. P treatments significantly reduced the toxic effects of As on agronomic parameters such as root weight and length, shoot and spike length, straw, and grain yield. Among the treatments studied, only the treatment of 30 mg kg−1 P helps to decrease the elevated levels of As (V), As (III), and DMA in rice grains due to As application. The study revealed that 30 mg kg−1 was the optimal P application amount to minimize AS accumulation in rice grains and As-linked toxicity on agronomic parameters and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Furthermore, the levels of trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and apigenin-7-glucoside increased in response to accumulation of As in the rice grain. In conclusion, the precise use of phosphorus may help to mitigate arsenic linked phytotoxicity and enhance the food safety aspect of rice grain.

Arsenic speciation in rice and risk assessment of inorganic arsenic from Ghentugachhi village of Chakdaha block, Nadia, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
B Sinha ◽  
K Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
As Species ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The purpose of the present study was to assess arsenic (As) speciation in rice from West Bengal, India, in order to improve understanding of the health risk posed by arsenic in Indian rice. Rice is a potentially important route of human exposure to arsenic, especially in populations with rice-based diets. However, arsenic toxicity varies greatly with species. Determination of arsenic (As) species in rice is necessary because inorganic As species are more toxic than organic As. Total arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethyarsinic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analysis of a rice flour certified reference material (SRM-1568-a) were evaluated for quality assurance. The use of 2M TFA for extraction with an isocratic mobile phase was optimized for extraction and employed for arsenic speciation in rice. The extraction method showed a high recovery of arsenic. Most of the As species in rice were noticed to be inorganic [Arsenite (As-III), Arsenate As-V]. It appeared very clear from the present study that inorganic arsenic shared maximum arsenic load in rice straw while in grains it is considerably low. As species recovered from rice grain and straw are principally As-III and As-V with a little share of DMA and almost non-detectable MMA and As-B. The order of As species in rice grain revealed in this study were As-III (54.5-65.4 %)>As-V(21.2-28.3%)>DMA(5.2%).

scholarly journals Effect of Milling and Parboiling Processes on Arsenic Species Distribution in Rice Grains

Rice Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Fontanella ◽  
Maria Martin ◽  
Daniele Tenni ◽  
Gian Maria Beone ◽  
Marco Romani
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Rice Grains

Analysis of arsenic species accumulation by plants and the influence on their nitrogen uptake

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Christine Schmidt ◽  
Werner Reisser ◽  
J�rgen Mattusch ◽  
Rainer Wennrich ◽  
Klaus Jung
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Species Accumulation

scholarly journals Impact of irrigation techniques on rice yield and dynamics of zinc in plants and soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Phuong Dinh Thi Lan ◽  
Nga Nguyen Thi Hang ◽  
Hoa Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Red River ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) insufficiency and water deficiency are primary challenges in intensive rice production systems. This study aims to examine the influence of two irrigation regimes, flood irrigation (FI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI), on rice grain yield and mobile Zn accumulation in soil and rice grains. Experiments were conducted in An Vien rice fields in the Tien Lu district, Hung Yen province, located in the middle of the Red River delta during four rice seasons from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the WSI regime dramatically increased the grain yield and Zn concentrations in grain of rice. Grain yield was increased by 14.76% and grain Zn concentration by 17.93% when compared with the FI regime. The decrease in the mobile Zn concentration in soil was only 5.7% in the WSI technique, compared with 73.6% for FI techniques. Therefore, it can be concluded that WSI can be effective agricultural practice to elevate grain yield and increase Zn retention in soil and bioavailability in rice grains.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fungal Contamination on Commercially Sold Rice in Puerto Rico

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Colón Carrión ◽  
Chad Lozada Troche
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Normal Surface ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Fungal Contaminants

Crops and stored grains are susceptible to pathogens that represent a threat to our health. The study presented herein compares the normal surface and endophytic fungal communities present on white and brown rice grains. One hundred grains of each rice variety was analyzed to determine their fungal contaminants and endophytes. Fungi were inoculated on SDA media, and purified in PDA media; morphological characterization was performed followed by amplification of the ITS region using PCR for all fungal isolates. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between medium brown rice compared to white rice for surface and endophytic communities (p-value £ 0.05). In addition, a higher fungal diversity was found on brown rice grains compared to white rice. This variation may be due to differences in the processing methods used for each rice grain type. BLAST analysis revealed the presence of toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, A.oryzae, Penicillium verrucosum, and P. viridicatum. The study of fungal growth in rice grains can contribute to the minimization of mycotoxin production by its prevention and control; therefore, decreasing crop contamination and human exposure to their metabolites. KEYWORDS: Fungi; Rice; Fungal contaminants; Fungal endophytes

scholarly journals Mechanical and Processing Properties of Rice Grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Kruszelnicka ◽  
Andrzej Marczuk ◽  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Processing Properties

Strength properties of grains have a significant impact on the energy demand of grinding mills. This paper presents the results of tests of strength and energy needed the for destruction of rice grains. The research aim was to experimentally determine mechanical and processing properties of the rice grains. The research problem was formulated in the form of questions: (1) what force and energy are needed to induce a rupture of rice grain of the Oryza sativa L. of long-grain variety? (2) what is the relationship between grain size and strength parameters and the energy of grinding rice grain of the species Oryza sativa L. long-grain variety? In order to find the answer to the problems posed, a static compression test of rice grains was done. The results indicate that the average forces needed to crush rice grain are 174.99 kg m·s−2, and the average energy is 28.03 mJ. There was no statistically significant relationship between the grain volume calculated based on the volumetric mass density Vρ and the crushing energy, nor between the volume Vρ and other strength properties of rice grains. In the case of Vs, a low negative correlation between strength σmin and a low positive correlation between the power inducing the first crack were found for the grain size related volume. A low negative correlation between the grain thickness a3, stresses σmin and work WFmax was found as well as a low positive correlation between thickness a3 and the force inducing the first crack Fmin.

scholarly journals Proteomic profiling reveals differentially expressed proteins associated with amylose accumulation during rice grain filling

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengdong Zhang ◽  
Jiana Chen ◽  
Shuanglü Shan ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Guanghui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Rice Grains

Abstract Background Amylose accumulation in rice grains is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Amylose content is a determinant factor of rice quality in terms of cooking and eating. Great variations in amylose content in indica rice cultivars have been observed. The current study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways and their relationships to amylose synthesis using two rice cultivars possess contrasting phenotypes in grain amylose content. Results Synthesis and accumulation of amylose in rice grains significantly affected the variations between rice cultivars in amylose contents. The high amylose content cultivar has three down-regulated differentially expressed proteins, i.e., LOC_Os01g62420.1, LOC_Os02g36600.1, and LOC_Os08g37380.2 in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, which limit the glycolytic process and decrease the glucose-1-phosphate consumption. In the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, an up-regulated protein, i.e., LOC_Os06g04200.1 and two down-regulated proteins, i.e., LOC_Os05g32710.1 and LOC_Os04g43360.1 were identified (Figure 4). Glucose-1-phosphate is one of the first substrates in starch synthesis and glycolysis that are catalyzed to form adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG), then the ADPG is catalyzed by granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) to elongate amylose. Conclusions The results indicate that decreasing the consumption of glucose-1-phosphate in the glycolytic process is essential for the formation of ADPG and UDPG, which are substrates for amylose synthesis. In theory, amylose content in rice can be regulated by controlling the fate of glucose-1-phosphate.

Capabilities of several phosphonium ionic liquids for arsenic species determination in water by liquid–liquid microextraction and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Castro Grijalba ◽  
Leticia B. Escudero ◽  
Rodolfo G. Wuilloud
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
As Species ◽  
Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Phosphonium Ionic Liquids

Different phosphonium ionic liquids have been assayed for liquid–liquid microextraction of As species.

scholarly journals Rice Quality Analysis and Classification Using Image Processing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Vijay Sonawane ◽  
Nikhil Gaikwad ◽  
Hrushikesh Mandekar ◽  
Kishore Baradkar ◽  
Chetan Gunjal
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
Good For ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Processing Techniques

More than half the world's people consume rice every day and fulfills over 21% calorific requirement of world population. It is considered the whole grain which is rich in fiber and it contains 80 percent with protein, phosphorus, and potassium. There are hundreds of different varieties of rice and each rice grain has a unique shape, texture, and flavor that make it just right for certain dishes. The quality of rice between various types has different standards. Therefore, you must select the best quality rice because rice with best quality is not only good for consumption but also good for health. Analyzing grain sample manually is a tedious task and also time consuming. The paper presents the solution to analysis and grading of rice grains using image processing techniques. Image reduction, image enhancement, and image increment, object recognition in spatial domain is applied on grain by grain of different samples of rice to determine its size, color and quality as whole to grade the grain of rice. We find the endpoints of each grains and after we measure the length and breadth of rice grains.

scholarly journals Arsenic species in husked and polished rice grains grown at the non-contaminated paddy soils in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395
Author(s):  
Da-Young Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Kye-Hoon Kim ◽  
Kwon-Rae Kim ◽  
Hyuck-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Polished Rice
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