scholarly journals Magneto-Primed Triticale Seeds Studied by Micro-Raman Spectra

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Jose Alvarez ◽  
Sagrario Martinez-Ramirez ◽  
Elvira Martinez

The spectroscopy technique of Micro-Raman is an appropriate method to investigate the microscopic structure of internally heterogeneous (i.e., composed of multiple layers) agro-food products. The effects of applying magnetic fields (magneto-priming technique) and imbibition on the chemical makeup of Triticale seed were studied, particularly in its pericarp, germ and endosperm parts, with the help of Micro-Raman. In light of the results obtained, the magneto-primed seeds soaked in water presented a greater number of chemical compounds than the control seeds, although those treatments were not as effective as the ones with only magneto-priming. The effects of the magneto-priming treatment were especially noticeable in the endosperm due to the large number of chemical compounds identified. The seed composition differences among treatments showed that the use of Micro-Raman jointly with magneto-priming is an appropriate method to obtain and analyse information of the key components of Triticale seeds, notably regarding their pericarp and endosperm.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5380
Author(s):  
Boris A. Kolesov

The work outlines general ideas on how the frequency and the intensity of proton vibrations of X–H×××Y hydrogen bonding are formed as the bond evolves from weak to maximally strong bonding. For this purpose, the Raman spectra of different chemical compounds with moderate, strong, and extremely strong hydrogen bonds were obtained in the temperature region of 5 K–300 K. The dependence of the proton vibrational frequency is schematically presented as a function of the rigidity of O-H×××O bonding. The problems of proton dynamics on tautomeric O–H···O bonds are considered. A brief description of the N–H···O and C–H···Y hydrogen bonds is given.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
G. Domínguez ◽  
E. Cardiel ◽  
J.L Reyes ◽  
E. Sánchez ◽  
P.R. Hernández

Purpose: The development of an electric impedance meter based on the impedance spectroscopy technique, for in vitro and in situ experimentation, with cellular epithelia submitted to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in a controlled environment. Unlike other reported systems, a strength of the one presented here is that it avoids the influence of external factors on the experiment. Materials and methods: The designed system employs the electrical impedance values obtained by the impedance spectroscopy technique to determine the parameters of the simple equivalent electrical model of a cellular monolayer. The Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures were used as subjects of study in the experimental protocol. Results: The validation was carried out by comparing the transepithelial electrical impedance data of the cell cultures obtained with the developed system and those of the Cellzscope® commercial system used as the standard. Non-significant differences were obtained. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the developed system provides reliable values of transepithelial electrical impedance to experiment with cell cultures and take advantage of the controlled environment to reduce the effects of experimental management.


2021 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Алена Владимировна Сумина ◽  
Вадим Игоревич Полонский ◽  
Татьяна Михайловна Шалдаева

Одним из путей повышения функциональной ценности пищевых продуктов является увеличение содержания в них химических соединений, обладающих антиоксидантной активностью. Последние, как известно, играют важную роль в профилактике различных заболеваний человека. Антиоксидантами богаты зерновые культуры, на основе которых изготавливаются наиболее употребляемые населением продукты питания. Целью данного исследования являлось определение величины суммарного содержания антиоксидантов (ССА) в зерновом сырье на разных этапах производства хакасского национального продукта талган, изготовленного из пророщенного зерна овса. Овес выращивали на территории Бейского района Республики Хакасия в 2019 г. Очищенное зерно проращивали при комнатной температуре в течение 56 ч, затем его просушивали и обжаривали при температуре 180…200 °С в течение 10-15 мин, а далее измельчали и просеивали через сита с ячеей 0,9 мм. В результате получали продукт талган и отходы в виде отрубей. Для определения уровня ССА в зерне использовали два растворителя - горячую бидистиллированную воду и 70 %-ный этиловый спирт. Измерение значения ССА выполняли на приборе «Цвет Яуза-01-АА». Среди исследуемых образцов более высокие показатели ССА были зарегистрированы при использовании в качестве элюента горячей бидистиллированной воды. В работе выявлен эффект увеличения уровня ССА в конечном продукте по сравнению с исходным сырьем после этапа проращивания зерна в среднем в 2 раза, а после этапов обжаривания и измельчения в 2,1 раза. Величина ССА в отрубях превышала таковую в исходном зерне в среднем на 47 %. Таким образом, в результате исследований было установлено, что введение в технологию изготовления овсяного талгана дополнительного этапа, заключающегося в проращивании зерна, является одним из эффективных способов повышения величины ССА в полученном на его основе продукте. One of the ways to increase the functional value of food products is to increase the content of chemical compounds that have antioxidant activity. The latter are known to play an important role in the prevention of various human diseases. Antioxidants are rich in cereals, on the basis of which the most commonly consumed food products are made. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the total content of antioxidants (TCA) in grain raw materials at different stages of production of the Khakass national product talgan, made from sprouted oat grain. Oats were grown on the territory of the Bey district of the Republic of Khakassia in 2019. The purified grain was sprouted at room temperature for 56 hours, then it was dried and fried at a temperature of 180…200 oC for 10-15 minutes, and then ground and sieved through sieves with a mesh of 0.9 mm. As a result, the product talgan and waste in the form of bran were obtained. To determine the level of TCA in the grain, two solvents were used - hot bidistilled water and 70 % ethyl alcohol. The TCA value was measured on the device «Color Yauza-01-AA». Among the studied samples, higher TCA values were recorded when using hot bidistilled water as an eluent. The paper reveals the effect of increasing the level of TCA in the final product in comparison with the initial raw material after the stage of grain germination by an average of 2 times, and after the stages of roasting and grinding by 2.1 times. The value of TCA in bran exceeded that in the original grain by an average of 47 %. Thus, as a result of research, it was found that the introduction of an additional stage in the production technology of oatmeal talgan, which consists in the germination of grain, is one of the effective ways to increase the value of TCA in the product obtained on its basis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala

This contribution aims to add a voice towards enhancing the detection of adulteration in bioactive food products. Bioactive foods – strongly associated with plant-based chemical compounds, have been shown to boost human immune function and promote health/wellbeing. On the other hand, adulteration generally makes food products to fall short of legal standards, become impure, unsafe and not wholesome. Given that food products can get adulterated either accidentally, intentionally, metallically or naturally, foods that contain bioactive compounds will not be exempted. Adulteration and adulterants therefore pose serious danger to both authenticity and quality of bioactive foods. Considering this challenge, rapid detection methods are needed to enhance the authenticity of bioactive product quality as well as consumer confidence/safety.


2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Pola ◽  
Anna Galíková ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Akihiko Ouchi

AbstractMW ArF laser irradiation of gaseous cis-dichloroethene results in fast decomposition of this compound and in deposition of solid ultrafine Cl- and H-containing carbonaceous powder which is of interest due to its sub-microscopic structure and possible reactive modification of the C-Cl bonds. The product was characterized by electron microscopy, and FTIR and Raman spectra and it was revealed that HCl, H2, and C/H fragments are lost and graphitic features are adopted upon heating to 700°C.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala

This contribution aims to add a voice towards enhancing the detection of adulteration in bioactive food products. Bioactive foods—strongly associated with plant-based chemical compounds, have been shown to boost human immune function and promote health/wellbeing. On the other hand, adulteration generally makes food products to fall short of legal standards, become impure, unsafe and not wholesome. Given that food products can get adulterated either accidentally, intentionally, metallically or naturally, foods that contain bioactive compounds will not be exempted. Adulteration and adulterants therefore pose serious danger to both authenticity and quality of bioactive foods. Considering this challenge, rapid detection methods are needed to enhance the authenticity of bioactive product quality as well as consumer confidence/safety.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
D. A. Utyanov ◽  
A. V. Kulikovskii ◽  
N. L. Vostrikova ◽  
O. A. Kuznetsova

Recently the actively active studies have begun devoted to the accumulation of «harmful» substances in food products, which are supposedly accumulated in the body of a person who often consumes these products. Meat, as a source of full-featured animal protein, is especially popular in this aspect. For the preparation of meat products various types of heat treatment are used, almost each of which will inevitably lead to the destruction of some of the chemical compounds originally present in the product, and the formation of completely new chemical compounds, which can often be harmful to the human body. During high-temperature heat treatment (mainly frying), some chemical reactions in meat products occur, which lead to the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) in it. Due to the great variety of raw meat and cooking recipes, during the heat treatment HAA’s of various classes are formed, each of them will be peculiar for the particular type of raw material or recipe components (with the exception of MeIQx and PhIP, which always form during frying). The more complete understanding of the HAA’s formation mechanism will help study the products of Maillard reactions and Strecker degradation. In this work we studied the formation of HAA’s as a result of the cyclization of creatine and the detaching of water (dehydration) from it during temperature exposure. The classification of the compounds formed as a result of these reactions is presented and the main classes of the HAA obtained in result are considered. The questions of the influence of various factors on amount of HAA formed, such as the fat content, the introduction of Fe2+, Fe3+, are raised. In the future it is necessary to conduct studies of the quantitative content of HAA in meat products to complement the already actively ongoing work on the study of xenobiotics consumed by humans with food, which will give a more comprehensive picture of the carcinogens content in food products.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Luh Suriati ◽  
I Nyoman Rudianta ◽  
Putu Candra ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Sukmawati

This study aims to know the comparison of wheat flour and tapioca flour in order to make the right ones not quickly wilted. Beluntas is herbs containing chemical compounds including i.e. phenol, alkaloids, tannins, essential oils that act as an antioxidant, anti-bacterial and also helps eliminate body odor. Leaf beluntas, when made into chips will be able to add diversification food products. Surely this will be very interesting for new innovations of food and expected to get the international market. Characteristics of the chips beluntas leaves can still be maintained with tapioca flour: comparison of 30:70 at 8 days storage with objective observations of water levels 21.50%, carbohydrates 8.74%, proteins 2.73%, fat 18.90%, levels of phenol 1485.33mg/kg drag power antioxidant 0.06%). While the subjective observations (color, aroma, flavor, texture and overall admissions) 6.0-6.7 with criteria like-love. Keywords: wheat flour, tapioca, chips beluntas, storage


2016 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 377-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Wang ◽  
Kan Lin ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Khek Yu Ho ◽  
Ming Teh ◽  
...  

This study aims to assess the clinical utility of a rapid fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy technique developed for enhancingin vivodiagnosis of gastric precancer during endoscopic examination. We have developed a real-time fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy system capable of simultaneously acquiring both fingerprint (FP) (i.e., 800–1800 cm−1) and high-wavenumber (HW) (i.e., 2800–3600 cm−1) Raman spectra from gastric tissuein vivoat endoscopy. A total of 5792 high-qualityin vivoFP/HW Raman spectra (normal (n= 5160); dysplasia (n= 155), and adenocarcinoma (n= 477)) were acquired in real-time from 441 tissue sites (normal (n= 396); dysplasia (n= 11), and adenocarcinoma (n= 34)) of 191 gastric patients (normal (n= 172); dysplasia (n= 6), and adenocarcinoma (n= 13)) undergoing routine endoscopic examinations. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) together with leave-one-patient-out cross validation (LOPCV) were implemented to develop robust spectral diagnostic models. The FP/HW Raman spectra differ significantly between normal, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the stomach, which can be attributed to changes in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the bound water content. PLS-DA and LOPCV show that the fiber-optic FP/HW Raman spectroscopy provides diagnostic sensitivities of 96.0%, 81.8% and 88.2%, and specificities of 86.7%, 95.3% and 95.6%, respectively, for the classification of normal, dysplastic and cancerous gastric tissue, superior to either the FP or HW Raman techniques alone. Further dichotomous PLS-DA analysis yields a sensitivity of 90.9% (10/11) and specificity of 95.9% (380/396) for the detection of gastric dysplasia using FP/HW Raman spectroscopy, substantiating its clinical advantages over white light reflectance endoscopy (sensitivity: 90.9% (10/11), and specificity: 51.0% (202/396)). This work demonstrates that the fiber-optic FP/HW Raman spectroscopy technique has great promise for enhancingin vivodiagnosis of gastric precancer during routine endoscopic examination.


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