scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Amnon Haberman ◽  
Arnon Dag ◽  
Ran Erel ◽  
Isaac Zipori ◽  
Nerya Shtern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Content ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Leaf P

Phosphorus (P) availability significantly impacts olive tree reproductive development and consequential fruit production. However, the importance of P fertilization in olive cultivation is not clear, and P application is usually recommended only after P deficiency is identified. In order to determine the long-term impacts of continuous P fertilization in intensive irrigated olive cultivation, the growth and production of trees in an intensive orchard with or without P fertilization were evaluated over six consecutive seasons. Withholding of P resulted in significant reduction in soil P quantity and availability. Under lower P availability, long-term fruit production was significantly impaired due to reduced flowering and fruit set. In addition, trees under conditions of low P were characterized by higher alternate bearing fluctuations. Olive tree vegetative growth was hardly affected by P fertilizer level. The impairment of tree productivity was evident in spite of the fact that leaf P content in the treatment without P fertilization did not decrease below commonly reported and accepted thresholds for P deficiency. This implies that the leaf P content sufficiency threshold for intensive olive orchards should be reconsidered. The results demonstrate the negative impact of insufficient P fertilization and signify the need for routine P fertilization in intensive olive cultivation.

Sex-specifically responsive strategies to phosphorus availability combined with different soil nitrogen forms in dioecious Populus cathayana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Liu ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Shuangri Liu ◽  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Aims Phosphorus (P) availability and efficiency are especially important for plant growth and productivity. However, the sex-specific P acquisition and utilization strategies of dioecious plant species under different N forms are not clear. Methods This study investigated the responsive mechanisms of dioecious Populus cathayana females and males based on P uptake and allocation to soil P supply under N deficiency, nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) supply. Important Findings Females had a greater biomass, root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL) and shoot P concentration than males under normal P availability with two N supplies. NH4 + supply led to higher total root length, RLD and SRL but lower root tip number than NO3 − supply under normal P supply. Under P deficiency, males showed a smaller root system but greater photosynthetic P availability and higher leaf P remobilization, exhibiting a better capacity to adaptation to P-deficiency than females. Under P deficiency, NO3 − supply increased leaf photosynthesis and PUE but reduced RLD and SRL in females while males had higher leaf P redistribution and photosynthetic PUE than NH4 + supply. Females had a better potentiality to cope with P deficiency under NO3 − supply than NH4 + supply; the contrary was true for males. These results suggest that females may devote to increase in P uptake and shoot P allocation under normal P availability, especially under NO3 − supply, while males adopt more efficient resource use and P remobilization to maximum their tolerance to P-deficiency.

scholarly journals COFFEE YIELD AND PHOSPHATE NUTRITION PROVIDED TO PLANTS BY VARIOUS PHOSPHORUS SOURCES AND LEVELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaio Gonçalves de Lima Dias ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Furtini Neto ◽  
Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães ◽  
Thiago Henrique Pereira Reis ◽  
Cesar Henrique Caputo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Content ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus (P) is considered one of the nutrients that most limits crop yields, especially in soils with an advanced degree of weathering. To evaluate P dynamics and availability in soil resulting from various P doses and sources and to assess the resulting P content of coffee leaves and the final coffee yield, an experiment was conducted in the municipality of Três Pontas, MG, Brazil, in a Red Argisol (Ultisol) area. Fertilization, except for P fertilization, was performed based on the soil analysis results. The annual P doses tested were 0, 75, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 P2O5. Two P sources, simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, were evaluated and compared in the study. A physicochemical analysis of the soil and an analysis of leaf dry matter were performed. The available P content in the soil increased as a result of the applications of the two sources. The leaf P levels stabilized at approximately 1.8 and 1.9 g kg-1 for simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, respectively, as a result of the application of approximately 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The coffee responded to P fertilization in the production phase. Averaged over three harvests, the yield per harvest showed gains of 45.3% and 40.3% for simple superphosphate and magnesium thermal phosphate, respectively, with the application of the highest studied dose, 600 kg ha-1 P2O5.

scholarly journals Phosphorus availability as a function of its time of contact with different soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemmannuella C. Santos ◽  
Fábio H. T. de Oliveira ◽  
Adailson P. de Souza ◽  
Ignácio H. Salcedo ◽  
Valério D. M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Content ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) availability is related to soil sorption capacity and is relevant to planning P fertilization and evaluating its residual effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the P availability to maize plants after different incubation times of six soils from Paraíba state. For this, four doses of P (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) were applied in samples of six soils for 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 360 days. After the incubation time, the soil samples received fertilization with macro and micronutrients and were cultivated with maize for 35 days, when they were harvested and analyzed to verify dry matter and P content in soil. The increase in the time of contact of P with the soil decreased P availability to plants; however, the formation of non-labile P was negligible in most soils. After 360 days of incubation, between 26 and 71% of P applied at the highest dose was recovered.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND CORRECTION OF MIDSEASON P DEFICIENCY IN IRRIGATED POTATOES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MacKAY ◽  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
T. ENTZ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Soil Water Stress ◽  
Leaf P

Three experiments were performed in an automatic rainshelter and two in the field to determine the role of soil moisture management and phosphorus (P) fertilization in controlling P nutrition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. ’Russet Burbank’). The rainshelter experiments indicated that permitting the upper layer (25 cm) of soil to remain dry during the early part of the growing season depressed the total P concentrations in the leaf blades at the 10% bloom stage to well below the sufficiency range of 0.45 – 0.50%, in spite of high P application rates at planting. Relieving stress at 10% bloom and maintaining soil water potential between −60 and −20 kPa until harvest significantly increased P concentrations. Tuber yields were only slightly less than on those soils without water stress throughout the growing period, provided ample P had been applied. By delaying stress relief in the upper soil layer for 3 wk, 6 wk, or until maturity, tuber yields were reduced 28, 47 and 49% respectively. Without P fertilization of this P-deficient soil at planting, leaf-P levels at 10% bloom were very low (0.26%), but application of P at this stage (banded, broadcast, or in solution) increased leaf-P concentrations and yields were similar to treatments receiving P at planting. Trimetaphosphate was particularly effective in increasing P concentrations in the leaves. In the two field experiments, tuber yields were high on all plots and treatment differences were small, even though leaf-P concentrations were relatively low. However, in the highest-yielding treatment (banded at planting) leaf-P levels averaged from 0.40 to 0.49% which is close to that considered as a sufficiency range (0.45 – 0.50), reported previously. From the practical standpoint, leaf analysis at the early bloom stage can be used to detect P deficiency, which may be caused by inadequate P fertilization or early season soil water stress. If soil and fertilizer P are insufficient, immediate application of fertilizer P will correct deficiencies and enhance yields if adequate soil water is also provided. Soil moisture stress from early bloom to near maturity should be avoided with this crop to obtain efficient use of applied P and maximum yields of tubers.Key words: Leaf analysis, P fertilizers, trimetaphosphate, soil water stress, automated rainshelter.

scholarly journals Effect of biochar addition on legacy phosphorus availability in long-term cultivated arid soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Melissa Arcand ◽  
Noura Ziadi
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Arid Soil ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P

Abstract Background Continuous application of phosphorus (P) nutrient in association with its low recovery results in large amounts of P being accumulated in soil in different forms. Use of biochar can be a possible means to mobilize soil legacy P and increase its bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the potential impact of a range of biochar types on P fractions in a long-term cultivated arid soil with high legacy P content. Methodology The soil was treated with biochar produced from four feedstock sources (BFS): sewage sludge (SSB), olive mill pomace (OPB), chicken manure (CMB), and date palm residues (DRB) pyrolyzed at 300, 500, or 700 °C in addition to an untreated control. The soil biochar mixture was incubated for 1 month followed by soil P fractionations using sequential chemical extraction to separate soil P into: labile (Resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po), moderately labile (NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po), and non-labile (HCl-Pi and Residual-P) pools. Results Biochar addition clearly influenced most of the soil P fractions; however, the extent of this effect greatly varied depending on BFS and pyrolysis temperature (PT). The most evident biochar impact was observed with labile P pool, with the greatest increase being observed in NaHCO3-Pi fraction in most biochar treatments. Irrespective of PT, SSB and CMB were the most effective biochar type in increasing labile inorganic P; the SSB and CMB increased Resin-Pi by 77 and 206% and NaHCO3-Pi by 200 and 188%, respectively. In contrast, DRB made no changes in any P fraction. Differences in effects of biochar types on labile P is presumably related to the higher content of P in biowaste-based biochar compared to plant-based biochar which have much lower P content. The SSB, CMB, and OPB produced at low temperature reduced HCl-Pi content, indicating that these biochars may have stimulated organic matter decomposition and thereby dissolution of non-labile Ca-associated P to labile P forms. Conclusion Overall, biochar addition appeared to be an effective approach in enhancing legacy P availability in arid soil. However, further studies are necessary to verify these findings in the presence of plant and for a longer period. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Utilization of soil residual phosphorus and internal reuse of phosphorus by crops

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11704
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Huimin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Leaf P

Phosphorus (P) participates in various assimilatory and metabolic processes in plants. Agricultural systems are facing P deficiency in many areas worldwide, while global P demand is increasing. Pioneering efforts have made us better understand the more complete use of residual P in soils and the link connecting plant P resorption to soil P deficiency, which will help to address the challenging issue of P deficiency. We summarized the state of soil “residual P” and the mechanisms of utilizing this P pool, the possible effects of planting and tillage patterns, various fertilization management practices and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms on the release of soil residual P and the link connecting leaf P resorption to soil P deficiency and the regulatory mechanisms of leaf P resorption. The utilization of soil residual P represents a great challenge and a good chance to manage P well in agricultural systems. In production practices, the combination of “optimal fertilization and agronomic measures” can be adopted to utilize residual P in soils. Some agricultural practices, such as reduced or no tillage, crop rotation, stubble retention and utilization of biofertilizers-phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms should greatly improve the conversion of various P forms in the soil due to changes in the balance of individual nutrients in the soil or due to improvements in the phosphatase profile and activity in the soil. Leaf P resorption makes the plant less dependent on soil P availability, which can promote the use efficiency of plant P and enhance the adaptability to P-deficient environments. This idea provides new options for helping to ameliorate the global P dilemma.

Autumnal allocation of phosphorus in black alder, eastern Cottonwood, and white basswood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Côté ◽  
Jeffrey O. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Leaf P

Changes in leaf and current year bark phosphorus (P) concentrations of actinorhizal black alder (Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), eastern cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr. ex. Marsh.), and white basswood (Tiliaheterophylla Vent.) were determined during autumn on a mine-spoil site and a contrasting prairie site. During the last 2 weeks of sampling (4 weeks for alder at the prairie site), leaf P concentrations decreased by 43% for black alder and 23% for eastern cottonwood at the mine-spoil site and by 30% for black alder and 26% for white basswood at the prairie site. Concurrent increases in bark P concentration were observed only for eastern cottonwood and white basswood. Changes in leaf, bark, and root P of potted black alder seedlings were also followed in a parallel experiment. Bud set was associated with the onset of increasing leaf P concentration and content and stabilizing bark P content, while roots continued to accumulate P. The ratio of bark P content to root P content as well as the ratio of bark dry weight to root dry weight increased during the last stages of leaf senescence. Our results suggest that black alder can resorb a large proportion of its leaf P during leaf senescence, particularly when P availability is low. Both twigs and roots served as storage tissues for P, with roots acting as a primary sink in early autumn and bark acting as a sink for subsequently resorbed leaf P.

Soil phosphorous accumulation in long-term P fertilization paddy field and its environmental effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Xiao YAN ◽  
De-Jian WANG ◽  
Gang ZHANG ◽  
Lu-Ji BO ◽  
Xiao-Lan PENG
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil Phosphorous

Ash from the thermal gasification of pig manure—effects on ryegrass yield, element uptake, and soil properties

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksawery Kuligowski ◽  
Robert John Gilkes ◽  
Tjalfe Gorm Poulsen ◽  
Baiq Emielda Yusiharni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
P Content ◽  
Relative Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Elemental Uptake ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
P Sources

Effects of thermally gasified pig manure ash (GA) and lime-free gasified ash (LF-GA) on properties of an acidic soil (pH 4.5) and the growth and elemental uptake of ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) were investigated. The GA was an effective liming agent (2% addition raised soil pH from 4.5 to 7.9); both GA and LF-GA increased soil electrical conductivity and bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (P). Soil fertilised with LF-GA supported slightly higher plant dry matter (DM) yield than GA (1.5–1.7 v. 1.2–1.5 g DM/kg soil) for the first harvest, due to greater initial P availability at pH <5 than at pH >6. However, plant yields for the subsequent two harvests were similar, as soil acidity dissolved lime in untreated ash (GA) over time. Maximum yields for ash-treated soil and soil treated with mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) were similar. Relative agronomic effectiveness of P sources for three harvests, based on plant P content compared with values for MCP, were 6, 11, and 12% for GA and 19, 10, and 33% for LF-GA. Internal efficiency of P utilisation was similar for all three P sources for each harvest, indicating that differences in yield were mostly a consequence of differences in P supply. Heavy metal concentrations in plants fertilised with ash were minor and within regulatory limits. In general, application of ash did not systematically affect the concentrations of elements (Al, B, Cd, Mg, Mn, Fe, Pb, S, Se) in plants.

scholarly journals Morphological and Metabolite Responses of Potatoes under Various Phosphorus Levels and Their Amelioration by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5162
Author(s):  
Leangsrun Chea ◽  
Birgit Pfeiffer ◽  
Dominik Schneider ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
Elke Pawelzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major limiting factor for potatoes. P fertilizer is applied to enhance P availability; however, it may become toxic when plants accumulate at high concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to gain more knowledge of the morphological and biochemical processes associated with P deficiency and toxicity for potatoes, as well as to explore an alternative approach to ameliorate the P deficiency condition. A comprehensive study was conducted (I) to assess plant morphology, mineral allocation, and metabolites of potatoes in response to P deficiency and toxicity; and (II) to evaluate the potency of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving plant biomass, P uptake, and metabolites at low P levels. The results revealed a reduction in plant height and biomass 60–80% under P deficiency compared to P optimum. P deficiency and toxicity conditions also altered the mineral concentration and allocation in plants due to nutrient imbalance. The stress induced by both P deficiency and toxicity was evident from an accumulation of proline and total free amino acids in young leaves and roots. Furthermore, root metabolite profiling revealed that P deficiency reduced sugars by 50–80% and organic acids by 20–90%, but increased amino acids by 1.5–14.8 times. However, the effect of P toxicity on metabolic changes in roots was less pronounced. Under P deficiency, PGPR significantly improved the root and shoot biomass, total root length, and root surface area by 32–45%. This finding suggests the potency of PGPR inoculation to increase potato plant tolerance under P deficiency.

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