Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Profile of Wild and Cultivated Populations of Thyme (Thymus sp.) Growing in Western Romania

The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of some thymus populations collected from five different locations in Western Romania. The chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) were studied through GC–MS, and the biological activities were evaluated using the microdilution method. The EO yield ranged between 0.44% and 0.81%. Overall, 60 chemical compounds were identified belonging to three chemotypes: thymol (three populations), geraniol (one population) and carvacrol (one population). Thymus vulgaris L. is distinguished by a high content of thymol, while species of spontaneous flora (Th. odoratissimus and Th. pulegioides) contain, in addition to thymol, appreciable amounts of carvacrol and geraniol. The antimicrobial activity of each the five oils was tested on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Esherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Haemophilus influenzae type B (ATCC 10211), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Candida parapsilopsis (ATCC 22019). The EOs showed biological activity on Gram-positive/Gram-negative/fungal pathogens, the most sensitive strains proving to be S. pyogenes, S. flexneri, S. typhimurium and C. parapsilopsis with an MIC starting at 2 µL EO/100 µL. The species sensitive to the action of Thymus sp. from culture or spontaneous flora are generally the same, but it should be noted that T. odoratissimus has a positive inhibition rate higher than other investigated EOs, regardless of the administered oil concentration. To date, there is no research work presenting the chemical and antimicrobial profiling of T. odoratissimus and the correlations between the antimicrobial potential and chemical composition of wild and cultivated populations of thyme (Thymus sp.) growing in Western Romania.

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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of wild Thymus vulgaris grown in South Jordan

IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences ◽

10.9790/3008-09527883 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Jehad Al-Shuneigat ◽

◽

Sameeh Al-Sarayreh ◽

Yousif Al–Saraira ◽

Mahmoud AlQudah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Thymus Vulgaris

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The chemical composition of Sedum rupestre L. ssp. rupestre epicuticular waxes: Horticultural versus the natural plant habitat

Facta universitatis - series Physics Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.2298/fupct1502077j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Snezana Jovanovic ◽

Bojan Zlatkovic ◽

Gordana Stojanovic

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Material ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Epicuticular Waxes ◽

Natural Plant ◽

Cultivated Populations ◽

Plant Habitat ◽

Sedum Rupestre

The aim of this study was to mutually compare the chemical compositions of epicuticular waxes of two different Sedum rupestre ssp. rupestre plant material samples. These were collected during the post fructification vegetative stage from the wild-growing (NH) and cultivated populations (HH). Epicuticular waxes (isolated in the form of hexane washings of leaves and stems) were analyzed using GC-MS, GC-FID and 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR analyses. The epicuticular wax of both samples consisted of only two alkanes and one triterpene: hentriacontane (2.9 and 4.7% in NH and HH samples, respectively), tritriacontane (31.8 and 41.3% in NH and HH samples, respectively) and germanicyl formate (61.1 and 50.5% in NH and HH samples, respectively). Based on the obtained results, it seems that the type of habitat (natural or horticultural) does not affect the qualitative but only the quantitative composition of S. rupestre ssp. rupestre epicuticular waxes.

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Chemical composition, biological potentials and antimicrobial activity of wild and cultivated blackberries

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1849065j ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 65-79

Author(s):

Miodrag Jazic ◽

Jelena Vulic ◽

Zoran Kukric ◽

Ljiljana Topalic-Trivunovic ◽

Aleksandar Savic

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽

Thornless Blackberry ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

The aim of this study was to compare the chemical compositions and biological potentials (antioxidant potentials, ?-glucosidase test and antimicrobial activity) of wild and cultivated blackberry varieties from two different locations. The chemical compositions were evaluated in fresh samples, while the biological potentials were measured in dry blackberry extracts. The highest dry matter (15.73 g/100 g fw) was obtained for wild blackberry from Verici (Bw2). The significantly higher content of sugars (6.07 g/100 g fw) and ascorbic acid (21.36 g/100 g dw) was found in Chester Thornless blackberry (Bc1) comparing to other samples. The wild blackberry from Javorani (Bw1) showed the highest amount of polyphenols, as well as antioxidant potentials on DPPH (184.26 mmol Trolox/kg dw), ABTS (340.26 mmol Trolox/kg dw) and OH (944.03 mmol BHT/kg dw) radicals. The antihyperglycemic potentials of the extracts were determined by the ?-glucosidase test. The cultivated blackberry Cacanka Bestrna (Bc2) showed the stronger inhibition of ?-glucosidase enzyme (?-GIP = 50.69 %) than other varieties (p<0.05). Wild blackberry extracts showed higher antibacterial and antifungal activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger. The results presented in this study indicated the differences between wild and cultivated blackberry varieties, as well as mutual differences in chemical composition, polyphenol contents, biological potentials, along with the antimicrobial activity of wild and cultivated blackberry varieties from two different locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Thyme, Oregano and Clove Essential Oils Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201765041129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1129-1134 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matěj Božik ◽

Pavel Nový ◽

Pavel Klouček

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Essential oils are volatile substances from plants and many of them have antimicrobial activity. For that reason, they have become known as a useful alternative to chemical preservatives and pesticides. In this study, we tested essential oils of four aromatic plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils were investigated for their composition and antimicrobial effect against plant pathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp.). Both are commonly associated with diseased fruit trees in orchards and gardens. The chemical composition of the tested essential oils was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The cinnamon essential oil was most effective form tested oil. The experimental results indicated that the wild strains of tested bacteria are more resistant to essential oils than commonly used laboratory strains. In conclusion, certain essential oils could be used for the control of postharvest bacterial pathogens. The findings of the present study suggest that the essential oils have a potential to be used as antimicrobial agents.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Palm Leaf Extracts from Babaçu (Attalea speciosa), Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), and Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/9734181 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adriana Idalina Torcato de Oliveira ◽

Talal Suleiman Mahmoud ◽

Guilherme Nobre L. do Nascimento ◽

Juliana Fonseca Moreira da Silva ◽

Raphael Sanzio Pimenta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Dodecanoic Acid ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Tetradecanoic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Palm Leaf

Babaçu (A. speciosa), Buriti (M. flexuosa), and Macaúba (A. aculeata) are palm trees typical of the ecotone area between Cerrado and the Amazon rainforest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the extracts prepared from the leaves of those palms as well as determine their chemical compositions. The ethanol extracts were prepared in a Soxhlet apparatus and tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution technique againstStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans, andCandida parapsilosis.However, there was no significant activity at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg·Ml−1. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, catechins, steroids, triterpenes, and saponins. Gas chromatography (GC/MS) analysis also identified organic acids, such as capric (decanoic) acid, lauric (dodecanoic) acid, myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, phthalic (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic) acid (omega-6), linolenic (octadecatrienoic) acid (omega-3), and the terpenes citronellol and phytol. Based on the chemical composition in the palm leaf extracts, the palms have the potential to be useful in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.07.007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 681-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 295

Author(s):

María C. Rota ◽

Antonio Herrera ◽

Rosa M. Martínez ◽

Jose A. Sotomayor ◽

María J. Jordán

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Thymus Zygis

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Chemical Characterisation and Biological Effects of Essential Oils of Four Gabonese Medicinal Plants

Chemical Science International Journal ◽

10.9734/csji/2021/v30i930254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

Elvis Jolinom Mbot ◽

Cédric Sima Obiang ◽

Maximilienne Ascenssion Nyegue ◽

Bill Raphaël Bikanga ◽

Huguette Agnaniet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Bacterial Strains

Aims: The objective of this work is to determine the chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activities of essential oils of four species of aromatic plants of Gabonese origin obtained by hydrodistillation. Methods: All the samples were examined by chromatographic analyzes and by GC / MS coupling. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by diffusion and microdilution methods. Results: The most common compounds found in essential oils were terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The major constituents are β-phellandrene (56.3%), β-pinene (11%) and myrcene (10.4%). The three bacterial strains used are sensitive to essential oils. However, some essential oils stood out with greater spectra of action compared to others, such as Maranthes gabunensis and Mammea africana which showed activity against all strains. The inhibition parameters (MIC and CMB) are between 0.78 and 25 mg / mL. Some oils have shown bacteriostatic and / or bactericidal activity on the targeted strains. Conclusion: The essential oils studied present a diversity of chemical compositions and good antibacterial activities.

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Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12223746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 3746 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vincenzo Zaccaria ◽

Emanuele Ugo Garzarella ◽

Carmen Di Giovanni ◽

Fabio Galeotti ◽

Lucia Gisone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Large Scale ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Dynamic Extraction ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Surface Modified

Antimicrobial activity is a well-known property of propolis, making it a candidate for antimicrobial surfaces in biomedical devices. Nevertheless, large-scale use of propolis as an anti-infective agent is limited by the heterogeneity of its chemical composition and consequent variation in antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the multi dynamic extraction (M.E.D.) method produces standardized polyphenolic mixtures from poplar-type propolis, with reproducible chemical composition and anti-microbial activity, independently from the chemical composition of the starting raw propolis. Three raw propolis samples, from Europe, America, and Asia, were analyzed for their polyphenol chemical composition by means of HPLC–UV and then combined to obtain three mixtures of propolis, which werme submitted to the M.E.D. extraction method. The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of M.E.D. propolis against bacteria and fungi were determined. The three M.E.D. propolis showed similar chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities, exhibiting no relevant differences against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant strains. The batch-to-batch reproducibility of propolis extracts obtained with the M.E.D. method encourages the design of drugs alternative to traditional antibiotics and the development of anti-infective surface-modified biomaterials.

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Composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Achillea collina Becker growing wild in Western Romania

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind140329052j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 381-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Călin Jianu ◽

Corina Mişcă ◽

Simona Muntean ◽

Alexandra Gruia

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Future Research ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Western Romania

The investigation of the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Achillea collina Becker growing wild in western Romania was the aim of this study. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated by GC-MS. The major compounds identified were chamazulene (38.89%), germacrene D (12.90%), beta-caryophyllene (11.52%) and beta-pinene (10.66%). The antimicrobial activity was assessed by the diffusimetric method against seven common food-related bacteria. No effects were observed against Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH test, the essential oil (IC50 = 25.03 ? 0.12 ?g/ml) demonstrated a stronger scavenging effect than BHA and lower than that of ascorbic acid and propyl gallate. The results reveal strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil tested and contribute to future research to find new sources of natural antiseptics and antioxidants: a viable and safe alternative to reduce the use of synthetic additives.

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