The chemical composition of Sedum rupestre L. ssp. rupestre epicuticular waxes: Horticultural versus the natural plant habitat

The aim of this study was to mutually compare the chemical compositions of epicuticular waxes of two different Sedum rupestre ssp. rupestre plant material samples. These were collected during the post fructification vegetative stage from the wild-growing (NH) and cultivated populations (HH). Epicuticular waxes (isolated in the form of hexane washings of leaves and stems) were analyzed using GC-MS, GC-FID and 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR analyses. The epicuticular wax of both samples consisted of only two alkanes and one triterpene: hentriacontane (2.9 and 4.7% in NH and HH samples, respectively), tritriacontane (31.8 and 41.3% in NH and HH samples, respectively) and germanicyl formate (61.1 and 50.5% in NH and HH samples, respectively). Based on the obtained results, it seems that the type of habitat (natural or horticultural) does not affect the qualitative but only the quantitative composition of S. rupestre ssp. rupestre epicuticular waxes.

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Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Profile of Wild and Cultivated Populations of Thyme (Thymus sp.) Growing in Western Romania

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091833 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1833

Author(s):

Rodica Beicu ◽

Ersilia Alexa ◽

Diana Obiștioiu ◽

Ileana Cocan ◽

Florin Imbrea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Research Work ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Cultivated Populations ◽

Western Romania

The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of some thymus populations collected from five different locations in Western Romania. The chemical compositions of the essential oils (EOs) were studied through GC–MS, and the biological activities were evaluated using the microdilution method. The EO yield ranged between 0.44% and 0.81%. Overall, 60 chemical compounds were identified belonging to three chemotypes: thymol (three populations), geraniol (one population) and carvacrol (one population). Thymus vulgaris L. is distinguished by a high content of thymol, while species of spontaneous flora (Th. odoratissimus and Th. pulegioides) contain, in addition to thymol, appreciable amounts of carvacrol and geraniol. The antimicrobial activity of each the five oils was tested on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Esherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Haemophilus influenzae type B (ATCC 10211), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Candida parapsilopsis (ATCC 22019). The EOs showed biological activity on Gram-positive/Gram-negative/fungal pathogens, the most sensitive strains proving to be S. pyogenes, S. flexneri, S. typhimurium and C. parapsilopsis with an MIC starting at 2 µL EO/100 µL. The species sensitive to the action of Thymus sp. from culture or spontaneous flora are generally the same, but it should be noted that T. odoratissimus has a positive inhibition rate higher than other investigated EOs, regardless of the administered oil concentration. To date, there is no research work presenting the chemical and antimicrobial profiling of T. odoratissimus and the correlations between the antimicrobial potential and chemical composition of wild and cultivated populations of thyme (Thymus sp.) growing in Western Romania.

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Impact of Harvest Conditions and Host Tree Species on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Viscum album L.

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3741

Author(s):

Wioleta Pietrzak ◽

Renata Nowak

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Plant Material ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Tree ◽

Host Tree Species ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Mistletoe Extracts

The content of plant secondary metabolites is not stable, and factors such as the region/location effect and seasonal variations have an impact on their chemical composition, especially in parasitic plants. Research in this area is an important step in the development of quality parameter standards of medicinal plants and their finished products. The effects of the time and place of harvest and the host tree species on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of mistletoe extracts were investigated. Statistical tools were used to evaluate the results of the spectrophotometric and LC-ESI-MS/MS studies of the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. The investigations indicate that the qualitative and quantitative composition, influencing the biological activity of mistletoe extracts, largely depends on the origin of the plant. The mistletoe extracts exhibited a rich phenol profile and high antioxidant activity. The chemometric analysis indicated that mistletoe collected from conifers (Viscum abietis and Viscum austriacum) had the most advantageous chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the chemical profile and biological activity of the plant material were closely related to the climatic conditions and location of the harvested plant. Higher levels of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity were found in extracts obtained from plant material collected in cold weather with the presence of snow and less sunshine (autumn–winter period).

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Stem Lettuce and Its Metabolites: Does the Variety Make Any Difference?

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Janusz Malarz ◽

Klaudia Michalska ◽

Anna Stojakowska

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Material ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Nmr Analysis ◽

Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Scavenging

The objective of the present study was to characterize chemical composition of hitherto unexamined aerial parts of Lactuca sativa var. angustana cv. Grüner Stern. In contrast to leafy and head varieties of the lettuces, asparagus lettuce grown in Europe is much less studied. Fractionation of a methanolic extract from leaves of L. sativa cv. Grüner Stern, supported with HPLC/DAD and 1H NMR analysis, led to the isolation and/or identification of numerous terpenoid and phenolic compounds, including five apocarotenoids—(-)-loliolide, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, blumenol A, (6S,9S)-vomifoliol, and corchoionoside C; three sesquiterpene lactones; two lignans—((+)-syringaresinol and its 4-O-β-glucoside); five caffeic acid derivatives; and three flavonoids. Some of the compounds, to the best of our knowledge, have never been isolated from L. sativa before. Moreover, monolignols, phenolic acids and a tryptophan-derived alkaloid were found in the analyzed plant material. Stems, leaves and shoot tips of the asparagus lettuce were examined to assess their phenolics and sesquiterpene lactone content as well as DPPH scavenging activity. Another stem lettuce—L. sativa var. angustana cv. Karola, two cultivars of leafy lettuces and one species of wild lettuce—L. serriola, were also examined as a reference material using HPLC/DAD. The results have been discussed regarding our previous studies and the literature data available.

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High-throughput screening of the chemical composition distribution of random styrene-butyl acrylate copolymers

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2005.5.1.433 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Iván García Romero ◽

Harald Pasch

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

High Throughput ◽

Butyl Acrylate ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Composition Distribution ◽

Chemical Composition Distribution ◽

Exclusion Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

AbstractThe development of high-throughput liquid chromatographic techniques for the analysis of styrene-butyl acrylate (SBA) copolymers is discussed. The analysis time in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be reduced to about 3 min per sample when high-throughput SEC columns and high flow rates are used. In gradient HPLC, small columns with improved separation efficiencies can be applied. The time requirements can be decreased to less than 2 min per sample. Using the high-throughput HPLC technique, the chemical composition distribution of high-conversion SBA copolymers can be analyzed in a fast and efficient way. The calibration of HPLC separation is conducted by coupling the HPLC system with FTIR through the LC-transform interface. A comparison of the chemical compositions of the copolymers obtained by 1H NMR, off-line FTIR and coupled HPLCFTIR verifies the accuracy of the high-throughput copolymer analysis approach.

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Relationship between Chemical Composition and the Amount of Phosphorus Adsorbed

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.141 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

pp. 141-144

Author(s):

Eiji Watanabe ◽

Kaori Nishizawa ◽

Masaki Maeda

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Natural Materials ◽

Adsorption Behaviors ◽

Relationship Of

Relationship of the adsorption behaviors of phosphorus with several natural materials and artificial HAS-clay with various chemical compositions was investigated. The amounts of phosphorus adsorbed by them were closely related with the contents of aluminum in the material. It was found that the higher the aluminum contents of material, larger the amount of phosphorus were adsorbed.

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Variation of Triterpenes in Apples Stored in a Controlled Atmosphere

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3639

Author(s):

Aurita Butkeviciute ◽

Jonas Viskelis ◽

Mindaugas Liaudanskas ◽

Pranas Viskelis ◽

Ceslovas Bobinas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Controlled Atmosphere ◽

Apple Peel

Apples are seasonal fruits, and thus after harvesting apples of optimal picking maturity, it is important to prepare them properly for storage and to ensure proper storage conditions in order to minimize changes in the chemical composition and commercial quality of the apples. We studied the quantitative composition of triterpenic compounds in the whole apple, apple peel and apple flesh samples before placing them in the controlled atmosphere (CA) chambers, and at the end of the experiment, 8 months later. HPLC analysis showed that highest total amount of triterpenic compounds (1.99 ± 0.01 mg g−1) was found in the whole apple samples of the ‘Spartan’ cultivar stored under variant VIII (O2—20%, CO2—3%, N2—77%) conditions. Meanwhile, the highest amount of triterpenic compounds (11.66 ± 0.72 mg g−1) was determined in the apple peel samples of the ‘Auksis’ cultivar stored under variant II (O2—5%, CO2—1%, N2—94%) conditions. In the apple peel samples of the ‘Auksis’ cultivar stored under variant I (O2—21%, CO2—0.03%, N2—78.97%) conditions, the amount of individual triterpenic compounds (ursolic, oleanolic, corosolic, and betulinic acids) significantly decreased compared with amount determined before the storage. Therefore, in the apple flesh samples determined triterpenic compounds are less stable during the storage under controlled atmosphere conditions compared with triterpenic compounds determined in the whole apple and apple peel samples.

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Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2949

Author(s):

Juan I. Burneo ◽

Ángel Benítez ◽

James Calva ◽

Pablo Velastegui ◽

Vladimir Morocho

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Leaf Nutrients ◽

First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

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Relationship between the Optical Properties and Chemical Composition of Urban Aerosol Particles in Lithuania

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2018/8674173 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julija Pauraite ◽

Kristina Plauškaitė ◽

Vadimas Dudoitis ◽

Vidmantas Ulevicius

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Organic Aerosol ◽

Single Scattering ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Average Value ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

In Situ Investigation

In situ investigation results of aerosol optical properties (absorption and scattering) and chemical composition at an urban background site in Lithuania (Vilnius) are presented. Investigation was performed in May-June 2017 using an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), a 7-wavelength Aethalometer and a 3-wavelength integrating Nephelometer. A positive matrix factorisation (PMF) was used for the organic aerosol mass spectra analysis to characterise the sources of ambient organic aerosol (OA). Five OA factors were identified: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass-burning OA (BBOA), more and less oxygenated OA (LVOOA and SVOOA, respectively), and local hydrocarbon-like OA (LOA). The average absorption (at 470 nm) and scattering (at 450 nm) coefficients during the entire measurement campaign were 16.59 Mm−1 (standard deviation (SD) = 17.23 Mm−1) and 29.83 Mm−1 (SD = 20.45 Mm−1), respectively. Furthermore, the absorption and scattering Angström exponents (AAE and SAE, respectively) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) were calculated. The average AAE value at 470/660 nm was 0.97 (SD = 0.16) indicating traffic-related black carbon (BCtr) dominance. The average value of SAE (at 450/700 nm) was 1.93 (SD = 0.32) and could be determined by the submicron particle (PM1) dominance versus the supermicron ones (PM > 1 µm). The average value of SSA was 0.62 (SD = 0.13). Several aerosol types showed specific segregation in the SAE versus SSA plot, which underlines different optical properties due to various chemical compositions.

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Morphometric characteristics of the collagen of periimplant zones by using suture material of different structure and chemical composition with the aim of correction of age skin changes

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(1)-17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 104-109

Author(s):

M. Turkevуch

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Suture Material ◽

Threshold Function ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Skin Changes ◽

Collagen Formation ◽

Black And White ◽

Straight Line ◽

Collagen Density ◽

The Absolute

Morphometric analysis of collagenogenesis of perimplant zones was carried out at application of suture material of different structure and chemical composition for the purpose of establishing the quantitative composition of collagen. The thickness of the sleeve wall was measured using ImageJ ver.1.48u (1,2) using the “straight line” tool. The collagen density of the clutch wall and the collagen density in the surrounding tissues were measured by converting the images into black and white format, followed by obtaining a binary image using the “threshold” function of the ImageJ program. It is established that according to the indicators of thickness of a collagen sleeve and its density leaders are materials LLS. In terms of the density of collagen in tissues close to the clutch, the absolute leader is LLS material. In general, according to the values of all three parameters, the absolute leader in the intensity of collagen formation as the walls of the muffle and surrounding tissues is the LLS material, in the second place, on the aggregate of the three indicators, the materials NS and EV are located.

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Low Density Multi-principal Element Alloy from Al-Mg-Ca-Si-B System

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.7.7330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 2315-2320

Author(s):

Victor Geanta ◽

Robert Ciocoiu ◽

Ionelia Voiculescu

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Element ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Cast Alloy ◽

Complex Oxides ◽

Scientific Paper ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Low Density ◽

Principal Element ◽

Research Stage

The scientific paper presents a numerical modeling of the chemical composition for the optimization of the multicomponent light alloys in the Al-Mg-Ca-Si-B system. The effects of the proportion of each chemical element on the main characteristics of the alloy based on the mixture rule and the correlation between the melting temperature and the modulus of elasticity were analyzed numerically. The model results has reveals that even other factors must be taken into account, i.e. the mechanical characteristics which varied significantly with changing of chemical compositions. A compromise was set, by slightly increasing the density to acquire better mechanical characteristics. The selected chemical composition was then used to obtain the new low density alloy. In current research stage we conclude that the as cast alloy comprises an inhomogeneous solid solution and complex oxides. Further studies are ongoing on the experimental alloy in various states (homogenization annealed and processed by plastic deformation).

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