Different Growth and Sporulation Responses to Temperature Gradient among Obligate Apomictic Strains of Ulva prolifera

The green macroalga Ulva prolifera has a number of variants, some of which are asexual (independent from sexual variants). Although it has been harvested for food, the yield is decreasing. To meet market demand, developing elite cultivars is required. The present study investigated the genetic stability of asexual variants, genotype (hsp90 gene sequences) and phenotype variations across a temperature gradient (10–30 °C) in an apomictic population. Asexual variants were collected from six localities in Japan and were isolated as an unialgal strain. The hsp90 gene sequences of six strains were different and each strain included multiple distinct alleles, suggesting that the strains were diploid and heterozygous. The responses of growth and sporulation versus temperature differed among strains. Differences in thermosensitivity among strains could be interpreted as the result of evolution and processes of adaptation to site-specific environmental conditions. Although carbon content did not differ among strains and cultivation temperatures, nitrogen content tended to increase at higher temperatures and there were differences among strains. A wide variety of asexual variants stably reproducing clonally would be advantageous in selecting elite cultivars for long-term cultivation. Using asexual variants as available resources for elite cultivars provides potential support for increasing the productivity of U. prolifera.

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Studies on Changes of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics under Long-Term Fertilizer in the Black Soil Based on DSSAT Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1743 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 1743-1750

Author(s):

Wei Guo ◽

Zhong Qing Zhang ◽

Jin Hua Liu ◽

Ping Zhu ◽

Jing Min Yang

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Npk Fertilizer

Long-term experiment of Gongzhuling base for the study through three treatments(1)NPK: NPK fertilizer; (2)N165M: Manure and NPK fertilizer; (3)1.5M+NPK: 1.5Manure and NPK fertilizer, used DSSAT-Century soil model to study the long-term effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen content and the laws of growth and decline. The results show that: long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve crop yields compare with NPK.. Corn production is also affected by climatic conditions, especially in drought years with less precipitation. Larger impact of organic manure on soil organic carbon (SOC)and total nitrogen, SOC content obtained in descending order of 1.5M + N165> N165> N0 by Century model simulation. Soil organic carbon content and nitrogen content has a certain relevance, and the trend is consistent. Organic manure and inorganic fertilizer can significantly reduce soil inorganic nitrogen content and reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching. Through model simulations C / N ratio could be explained: C / N increases indicated an increase of organic carbon faster than organic nitrogen in soil, and changes of soil chronic library SOM2 determined organic carbon content. Therefore we should pay attention to organic manure carbon return level, vigorously promote the use of farmyard manure to improve soil nutrient content.

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Long-term effectiveness of faecal immunochemical test screening for proximal and distal colorectal cancers

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322545 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. gutjnl-2020-322545

Author(s):

Han-Mo Chiu ◽

Grace Hsiao-Hsuan Jen ◽

Ying-Wei Wang ◽

Jean Ching-Yuan Fann ◽

Chen-Yang Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Population Based ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Site Specific ◽

Faecal Immunochemical Test ◽

Immunochemical Test ◽

Selection Factors

ObjectiveTo measure the effects of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on overall and site-specific long-term effectiveness of population-based organised service screening.DesignA prospective cohort study of Taiwanese nationwide biennial FIT screening was performed. A total of 5 417 699 eligible subjects were invited to attend screening from 2004 through 2009 and were followed up until 2014. We estimated the adjusted relative rates (aRRs) on the effectiveness of reducing advanced-stage CRC (stage II+) and CRC death by Bayesian Poisson regression models with the full adjustment for a cascade of self-selection factors (including the screening rate and the colonoscopy rate) and the completeness of colonoscopy together with demographic features.ResultsFIT screening (exposed vs unexposed) reduced the incidence of advanced-stage CRC (48.4 vs 75.7 per 100 000) and mortality (20.3 vs 41.3 per 100 000). Statistically significant reductions of both incidence of advanced-stage CRCs (aRR=0.66, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.70) and deaths from CRC (aRR=0.60, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.64) were noted. FIT screening was more effective in reducing distal advanced-stage CRCs (aRR=0.61, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.64) and CRC mortality (aRR=0.56, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.69) than proximal advanced CRCs (aRR=0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.92) and CRC mortality (aRR=0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80).ConclusionA large-scale population-based biennial FIT screening demonstrates 34% significant reduction of advanced-stage CRCs and 40% reduction of death from CRC with larger long-term effectiveness in the distal colon than the proximal colon. Our findings provide a strong and consistent evidence-based policy for supporting a sustainable population-based FIT organised service screening worldwide. The disparity of site-specific long-term effectiveness also provides an insight into the remedy for lower effectiveness of FIT screening in the proximal colon.

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Protected Areas: offering security to whom, when and where?

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892915000375 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 172-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

ALICE B. KELLY ◽

A. CLARE GUPTA

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Protected Area ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Local Population ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Context ◽

Term Management ◽

Over Time

SUMMARYThis study considers the issue of security in the context of protected areas in Cameroon and Botswana. Though the literature on issues of security and well-being in relation to protected areas is extensive, there has been less discussion of how and in what ways these impacts and relationships can change over time, vary with space and differ across spatial scales. Looking at two very different historical trajectories, this study considers the heterogeneity of the security landscapes created by Waza and Chobe protected areas over time and space. This study finds that conservation measures that various subsets of the local population once considered to be ‘bad’ (e.g. violent, exclusionary protected area creation) may be construed as ‘good’ at different historical moments and geographical areas. Similarly, complacency or resignation to the presence of a park can be reversed by changing environmental conditions. Changes in the ways security (material and otherwise) has fluctuated within these two protected areas has implications for the long-term management and funding strategies of newly created and already existing protected areas today. This study suggests that parks must be adaptively managed not only for changing ecological conditions, but also for shifts in a protected area's social, political and economic context.

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Historical discarding in Mediterranean fisheries: a fishers' perception

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsv141 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 2600-2608 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Dimitrios Damalas ◽

Christos D. Maravelias ◽

Giacomo C. Osio ◽

Francesc Maynou ◽

Mario Sbrana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Market Demand ◽

Sampling Protocol ◽

The Past ◽

Regulatory Constraints ◽

Fishing Strategies ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Trawl Fisheries ◽

Important Fish

Abstract Discarding of commercially important fish species in the bottom trawl fisheries in the northern Mediterranean Sea was investigated by soliciting the long-term recollections of fishers engaged or formerly engaged in such fisheries. The main aim of our investigation was to describe the prevalence of discarding and its evolution over the past 70 years using information gathered through individual questionnaire-based interviews with fishers from ports in Spain, Italy, and Greece, following a standardized sampling protocol. Although it proved impossible to derive absolute estimates of the volume of discarded catches over the period investigated, we conclude that over the past 70 years, discarding as a practice has gradually increased in the northern Mediterranean trawl fisheries and has been accompanied by a shift in the species composition of the discarded catch. While discarding can occur for a number of reasons, our investigations indicate that discarding in the past was mostly driven by market demand, but recent legal and regulatory constraints have led to changes in fishing strategies and became a significant reason for discards.

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The potential of a site-specific delivery of thiamine hydrochloride as a novel insect repellent exerting long-term protection on human skin: In-vitro, ex-vivo study and clinical assessment

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mai El Halawany ◽

Randa Latif ◽

Alia Badawi

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽

Insect Repellent ◽

Site Specific ◽

A Site ◽

Ex Vivo Study

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Analysis of high yielding maize production - a study based on a commercial crop

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea06103 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 296 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. J. Birch ◽

G. McLean ◽

A. Sawers

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Plant Population ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Wide Range ◽

Commercial Crop ◽

Reduced Temperature

This paper reports on the use of APSIM – Maize for retrospective analysis of performance of a high input, high yielding maize crop and analysis of predicted performance of maize grown with high inputs over the long-term (>100 years) for specified scenarios of environmental conditions (temperature and radiation) and agronomic inputs (sowing date, plant population, nitrogen fertiliser and irrigation) at Boort, Victoria, Australia. It uses a high yielding (17 400 kg/ha dry grain, 20 500 kg/ha at 15% water) commercial crop grown in 2004–05 as the basis of the study. Yield for the agronomic and environmental conditions of 2004–05 was predicted accurately, giving confidence that the model could be used for the detailed analyses undertaken. The analysis showed that the yield achieved was close to that possible with the conditions and agronomic inputs of 2004–05. Sowing dates during 21 September to 26 October had little effect on predicted yield, except when combined with reduced temperature. Single year and long-term analyses concluded that a higher plant population (11 plants/m2) is needed to optimise yield, but that slightly lower N and irrigation inputs are appropriate for the plant population used commercially (8.4 plants/m2). Also, compared with changes in agronomic inputs increases in temperature and/or radiation had relatively minor effects, except that reduced temperature reduces predicted yield substantially. This study provides an approach for the use of models for both retrospective analysis of crop performance and assessment of long-term variability of crop yield under a wide range of agronomic and environmental conditions.

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Testing Long-Term Predictions from Hydro-Geochemical Models

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-333-805 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 333 ◽

Author(s):

William E. Glassley ◽

Carol J. Bruton ◽

William L. Bourcier

Keyword(s):

Yucca Mountain ◽

Taupo Volcanic Zone ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Volcanic Zone ◽

Site Specific ◽

Thermally Induced ◽

Induced Flow ◽

Geochemical Models ◽

Kinetics And Thermodynamic

ABSTRACTThermally induced flow of liquid water and water vapor at the potential repository site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, will extend hundreds of meters away from the repository edge. The resultant transfer of heat and mass will sufficiently perturb the ambient conditions such that a variety of mineralogical and chemical reactions will occur that may modify hydrological properties. The consequences of this “coupling” of geochemical and hydrological processes will vary through time, and will occur to different degrees in four regimes (T < Tboiling; T = Tboiling; T > T boiling; cooling) that will develop within the repository block. The dominant processes in the regimes differ, and reflect the local balance between: 1) kinetics and equilibrium; 2) dissolution and precipitation; 3) evaporation and boiling; and 4) fluid flow in matrix and fractures. Simulations were conducted of the evolution of these regimes, using laboratory derived kinetics and thermodynamic data, and site specific mineralogical and hydrological properties. These simulations identify regions where chemical and mineralogical equilibrium is likely to be achieved, and where net changes in hydrological properties will be concentrated. Tests of the results of these simulations have been initiated using field data from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. A preliminary series of calculations suggest that relative changes in porosity of as much as ± 20% to 30% may be possible for rocks with an initial porosity of 10%.

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A method for reconstructing past lake water phosphorus concentrations using sediment geochemical records

Journal of Paleolimnology ◽

10.1007/s10933-021-00174-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madeleine Moyle ◽

John F. Boyle

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Site Specific ◽

Burial Rate ◽

Steady State Model ◽

Sediment Records ◽

Current Water ◽

Study Sites

AbstractAn existing steady state model of lake phosphorus (P) budgets has been adapted to allow reconstruction of long-term average historic lake water total phosphorus (TP) concentrations using lake sediment records of P burial. This model can be applied without site-specific parameterisation, thus potentially having universal application. In principle, it is applicable at any site where there is both a sediment P burial record and knowledge of the current water budget, although we advise caution applying it to problematic sediment records. Tested at six published case study sites, modelled lake water TP concentrations agree well with water-quality monitoring data, and limited testing finds good agreement with wholly independent diatom inferred lake water TP. Our findings, together with a review of the literature, suggest that well preserved lake sediments can usefully record a long-term average P burial rate from which the long-term mean lake water TP can be reliably estimated. These lake water TP reconstructions can provide meaningful site-specific reference values to support decision making in lake eutrophication management, including establishing targets for lake restoration.

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