scholarly journals Removal of Biomass and Nutrients by Weeds and Direct-Seeded Rice under Conservation Agriculture in Light-Textured Soils of North-Western India

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Arvind Kumar Shukla ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Makhan Singh Bhullar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Western India ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Direct Seeded

The escalating scarcity of irrigation water, transplantation of rice on light-textured soils and labour cost acted as major drivers for the transition towards direct-seeded rice (DSR) cultivation from the conventionally flooded transplanting system. Despite these advantages, DSR is a challenge in light texture soil due to heavy weed infestation and a slight decline in crop yield. The weeds compete for nutrients and have an adverse effect on the growth and yield of crops. Hence, to assess the removal of macro and micronutrients by weeds and direct-seeded rice, a field experiment was carried out on sandy loam soil for two consecutive Kharif seasons (2018 and 2019). Three treatments from rice, namely: DSR under zero tillage (DSR-ZT), DSR under conventional tillage (DSR-CT) and DSR under reduced tillage (DSR-RT) were taken as main plots with three tillage treatments in wheat, namely: Conventional tillage without rice straw (CTW-R), Zero tillage without rice straw (ZTW-R) and Zero tillage with straw as mulch using Happy Seeder (ZTW+R) as subplots, replicated thrice. Among the rice establishment methods, DSR-RT showed an edge in terms of rice grain and straw yield (6.18 and 8.14 Mg ha−1, respectively) as well as macro- and micronutrient uptake by rice. Under management practices, ZTW+R proved as an efficient strategy in terms of yield and nutrient uptake by crops. The contribution of weeds towards biomass production was maximum under the ZTW-R (9.44%) treatment followed by DSR-ZT (7.72%). The nutrient budgeting showed that macro- and micronutrient removal by weeds was minimum under reduced tillage (24.51 and 50.35%, respectively), whereas it was 21.88 and 44.87% when wheat was grown under conventional tillage without rice straw. In overall, the research study concluded that weeds on an average remove 25.65 % macronutrients (N, P, K) and 51.47% of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in DSR under rice-wheat cropping system.

scholarly journals Productivity of garlic under different tillage methods and mulches in organic condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Kabir ◽  
MA Rahim ◽  
DAN Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
Organic Condition ◽  
Tillage Methods

An experiment was conducted at the field of USDA-Alliums project, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of tillage and mulches on the growth and yield of garlic. The experiment consisted of three tillage conditions (conventional, puddling and zero tillage) and four mulches (control, rice straw, water hyacinth and Curcuma amada leaf). The results revealed that different mulches had remarkable contributions on the growth and yield of garlic. The highest values of growth parameters as well as bulb yield were obtained from rice straw mulch identical with that of water hyacinth mulch. Different tillage also had significant influence on yield and yield contributing traits of garlic. Garlic cultivated under zero tillage showed remarkable variation in terms of percent emergence. Puddling and zero tillage practices resulted in higher yield compared to the conventional tillage. It was also noticed that both the tillage conditions as well as mulches showed profound effects on the yield and yield contributing parameters. Moreover, the highest net return (196647Tk. /ha) and the highest BCR of 2.90 was obtained from zero tillage with rice straw.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 53-66, March 2016

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate and Gibberellic Acid Enhances the Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Buta Singh Dhillon ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Pardeep Sagwal ◽  
Navjyot Kaur ◽  
Gurjit Singh Mangat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded

Poor early growth and uneven crop establishment are reported as the major bottlenecks in wide-scale adoption and optimal yield realization of dry direct-seeded rice (DSR). Seed priming can potentially help overcome these problems in DSR. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, during kharif/wet-season 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on germination, establishment, growth, and grain yield of rice under DSR conditions. The following priming treatments were evaluated: dry non-primed seed (control), hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate, hormopriming with 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), and osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG)(−0.6 MPa), each with 12 and 24 h priming duration. In 2019, priming treatments were tested under two DSR establishment methods—conventional DSR (sowing in dry soil followed by irrigation) and soil mulch DSR (locally known as vattar DSR) (sowing in moist soil after pre-sowing irrigation), whereas in 2018, priming treatments were evaluated under conventional DSR only. In both years, halopriming and hormopriming resulted in a 7–11% increase in rice yields compared to non-primed dry seed (control). Osmopriming resulted in a 4% yield increase compared to control in 2018 but not in 2019. The higher yields in halopriming and hormopriming were attributed to higher and rapid germination/crop emergence, better root growth, and improvement in yield attributes. Priming effect on crop emergence, growth, and yield did not differ by DSR establishment methods and duration of priming. Conventional DSR and soil mulch DSR did not differ in grain yield, whereas they differed in crop emergence, growth, and yield attributes. These results suggest that halopriming with 2.0% potassium nitrate and hormopriming with 50 ppm GA3 has good potential to improve crop establishment and yield of rice in both conventional and soil mulch DSR systems.

A, The ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF JUNGLE RICE (ECHINOCHLOA COLONA L.) AND FALSE AMARANTH (DIGERA ARVENSIS FORSSK.) IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Amir Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1 ◽  
Amjed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Competitive Index ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT There is little understanding about ecological interference of weeds in direct-seeded rice. To get estimates of economic thresholds of two weeds in direct seeded rice, two-year field trials were conducted at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. Treatments included 0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 plants m-2 densities of each of Echinochloa colona and Digera arvensis laid out in randomized complete block design. Augmented densities of E. colona (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 weed plants m-2) enhanced its plant dry biomass up to 348 and 353%; and relative competitive index maximally to 80 and 77% in years 2015 and 2016, respectively. While the corresponding increases in plant dry weight and relative competitive index of D. arvensis were 367 and 360% and 79 and 82%. The enhancement in N (up to 258 & 257 %), P (up to 220 & 232%) and K (up to 293 & 301%) uptake in years 2015 and 2016, respectively were made by E. Colona whereas the corresponding increases in N, P and K assimilation by D. arvensis were as far as 265 & 257%, 238 & 233% and 305 & 298%, respectively. The declines in growth and yield of rice were observed in response to growing number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 9.8 to 80% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

scholarly journals Productivity of rainfed mustard in relation to tillage and mulching

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Mondal ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SU Bhuiya ◽  
M Jahiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Tillage Methods

Field experiments were conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore during rabi (winter) seasons of 1999-2001 to study the tillage and mulching effects on conservation of residual soil moisture, yield attributes and yield of mustard (cv. Daulat.). Three different tillage methods, namely minimum, reduced and conventional tillage were used in the main plots and three different mulch materials, namely rice straw, water hyacinth, black polythene including no mulch were used in the sup-plots. It was observed that reduced tillage and polythene mulch or rice straw mulch conserve more moisture than other tillage methods and mulch application. Tillage practice significantly influenced the dry matter, yield and yield components of mustard. Reduced tillage gave consistently the highest seed yield (969 kg/ha), while minimum tillage gave the lowest seed yield (92 kg/ha). Mulching also resulted in better crop growth and increased yield. Significantly higher seed yield (1164 kg/ha) was recorded from black polythene mulch followed by rice straw mulch (1089 kg/ha). The yield of mustard was obtained due to the interaction effects on reduced tillage and polythene mulch followed by conventional tillage and polythene mulch, which was found superior to all other treatments. Results revealed that polythene mulch or rice straw mulch accompanied by reduced tillage was economically profitable for mustard cultivation/production under rainfed condition. Key Words: Rainfed mustard, tillage, mulching. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2303 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 597-606, December 2008

scholarly journals Effects of different soil management practices on soil properties and microbial diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gajda ◽  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter ◽  
Karolina M. Furtak ◽  
Jarosław Grządziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage

AbstractThe effects of different tillage systems on the properties and microbial diversity of an agricultural soil was investigated. In doing so, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were analysed in 2013-2015, on a long-term field experiment on a loamy sand at the IUNG-PIB Experimental Station in Grabów, Poland. Winter wheat was grown under two tillage treatments: conventional tillage using a mouldboard plough and traditional soil tillage equipment, and reduced tillage based on soil crushing-loosening equipment and a rigid-tine cultivator. Chopped wheat straw was used as a mulch on both treatments. Reduced tillage resulted in increased water content throughout the whole soil profile, in comparison with conventional tillage. Under reduced tillage, the content of readily dispersible clay was also reduced, and, therefore, soil stability was increased in the toplayers, compared with conventional tillage. In addition, the beneficial effects of reduced tillage were reflected in higher soil microbial activity as measured with dehydrogenases and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate, compared with conventional tillage. Moreover, the polimerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that soil under reduced till-age had greater diversity of microbial communities, compared with conventionally-tilled soil. Finally, reduced tillage increased organic matter content, stability in water and microbial diversity in the top layer of the soil.

scholarly journals Effects of composition, age and sterilization techniques of mother culture on the growth and yield of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Nuhu Alam ◽  
Shailendra Mohon Singha
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

The research work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of different mother culture media viz., rice straw (T-1), rice straw and rice bran (T-2), rice husk (T-3), rice grain (T-4), maize grain (T-5), and rice straw and wheat bran (T-6) and the impact of age of mother culture and substrate sterilization techniques viz., sun dried for 8 hrs covering with transparent polythene (A-1), black polythene (A-2), blue polythene (A-3) sheet, autoclave for two hrs at 121°C (A-4), and hot water for one hr (A-5) for the commercial cultivation of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. The maximum mycelium run rate and minimum days required for completing the mother culture were recorded in T-4. The lowest days required for primordial initiation (DRFPI) was 6 in T-1 and T-2, whereas highest DRFPI was recorded in T-3. The maximum (13.33) days required for first harvest (DRFFH) and lowest (109) number of effective fruiting bodies (NEFB) were recorded in T-3. The minimum (10.67 days) DRFFH was found in T-2 and maximum (239.30) NEFB was recorded in T-1. The lowest length and diameter (LFB and DFB) were recorded in T-5 (3.03 cm) and T-1 (1.66 cm), while highest LFB and DFB were observed in T-3 (3.20 and 2.39 cm). Maximum biological yield and efficiency were observed in rice straw and wheat bran materials. The highest NEFB, DFB, biological yield and efficiency were recorded in 30 days old of mother culture. The results revealed that combined rice straw and wheat bran were the excellent mother culture medium and 30 days old was the best age for the commercial production of paddy straw mushroom. Considering the experimental results on the sterilization techniques it may be suggested that hot water sterilization of rice straw substrate was the best sterilization technique for the commercial production and yield improvement of V. volvacea.

scholarly journals Influence of Pine Straw Harvesting, Prescribed Fire, and Fertilization on a Louisiana Longleaf Pine Site

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Pine Straw ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract This research was initiated in a 34-year-old, direct-seeded stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to study how pine straw management practices (harvesting, fire, and fertilization) affected the longleaf pine overstory and pine straw yields. A randomized complete block split-plot design was installed with two main plot treatments: (1) no fertilization and (2) fertilization with 45 lb N and 50 lb P/ac in April 1991 and May 1997 and with 50 lb P and 72 lb K/ac in April 2004. There were four subplot treatments: (1) control—no activity except a standwide thinning in June 1999, (2) prescribed burn 6 times from March 1991 through May 2004, (3) prescribed burned as in subplot treatment 2 and pine straw harvested in early 1992 and 1993, and (4) annual harvest of pine straw 13 times from early 1992 through April 2006. Fertilization did not affect longleaf pine growth and yield over the 15-year study. Subplot management also did not influence longleaf pine growth possibly because the adverse effects that competition, repeated prescribed burning, and litter removal have on longleaf pine growth could not be separated among subplot treatments. Fertilization did not directly affect pine straw yields; however, it appeared that pine straw yields decreased over time.

scholarly journals Tillage, Green Manure And Residue Retention Improve Aggregate-Associated Phosphorus Fractions Under Rice-Wheat Cropping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Om Parkash Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western India

Abstract The sustainability of rice-wheat system (RWS) in north-western India is threatened due to the deterioration of soil health and emergence of new challenges of climate change caused by low nutrient use efficiency and large scale burning of crop residues. Phosphorus and phosphatase activities in the soil aggregates affected by different residue management practices remain poorly understood. Thus, soil samples were obtained after a five year field experiment to identify the effect of tillage, green manure and residue management on aggregate-associated phosphorus fractions. In rice, the main plot treatments were combinations of wheat straw and Sesbania green manure (GM) management: (1) puddled transplanted rice (PTR) with no wheat straw (PTRW0), (2) PTR with 25% wheat stubbles (12-15 cm long) retained (PTRW25), (3) PTR without wheat straw and GM (PTRW0+GM), and (4) PTR with wheat stubbles (25%) and GM (PTRW25+GM). Three sub-plots treatments in the successive wheat crop were (1) conventional tillage with rice straw removed (CTWR0), (2) zero tillage (ZT) with rice straw removed (ZTWR0) and (3) ZT with 100% rice straw retained as surface mulch (ZTWR100). Results of the present study revealed that all phosphorus fractions were significantly higher in PTRW25+GM followed by ZTWR100 compared with PTRW0/CTWR0 treatment within both macro- and micro-aggregates. The total phosphorus (P), available P, alkaline phosphatase and phytin-P were significantly higher under ZTWR100 than CTWR0. Principal component analysis identified NaOH-Po, NaHCO3-Pi and HCl-P as the dominant and reliable indicators for evaluating P transformation within aggregates under conservation agriculture based practices.

scholarly journals Impact of Moisture Content and Weed Management on Direct Seeded Rice Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alisha Kumari ◽  
Rajan Kumar ◽  
Sweeti Kumari ◽  
Rinki Kumari Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Crop Research

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2016 at Crop Research centre Pusa, Bihar to investigate the “Effect of Moisture Regimes and Weed Management on quality of Direct Seeded Rice”. The treatments consisted of three moisture regimes in main plots and five weed management practices in sub plots. The results showed that grain (3.62 t/ha) and straw yields (52.44 q/ha), harvest index (40.83%), P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain were maximum with 3 days Disappearance of Ponded Water(DPW) which were significantly superior to 5 and 7 DPW but N (42.19 kg/ha) and P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain, N (30.53 kg/ha), P (8.41 kg/ha) and K (74.47 kg/ha) uptake by straw were statistically at par with 5 DPW. With regard to weed management grain yield(35.62 q/ha) was maximum with W4 treatment of weed management which was significantly superior to W2, W1 and W5 but was statistically at par with W3 treatment while, straw yield (45.12 q/ha), N(41.37 and 29.75 kg/ha), P(10.72 and 8.18 kg/ha) and K(8.80 and 7.58 kg/ha) uptake by rice grain and straw were significantly superior to W1 and W5 and were comparable to W3 and W2 treatments.  In harvest index (40.97%), W4 treatment was significantly superior to all the treatments. N, P and K content in grain and straw did not vary significantly with varying moisture regimes weed management treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage, Soil Amendment and Weed Management Regime on Performance of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Guinea Savannah

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zakaria ◽  
I. K. Dzomeku
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Management Regime

Field experiment was carried out during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons at Integrated Water and Agricultural Development Limited (IWAD) in the Mamprugu Moaduri district of Northern region. The objectives of the study were to evaluate tillage system, soil amendment and weed management regime on the growth and yield of rice under lowland conditions. The experiment was laid out in split-split-plot design in three replications with tillage, soil amendment and weed management which constituted the main-plot, sub-plot and sub-sub-plot factors respectively. Tillage, soil amendment and weed management, each at three levels, were respectively made-up of zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT); 2.5 tons/ha organic manure, 2 tons/ha biochar and 250 kg NPK/ha; and hand weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP), pre-emergence herbicide, and post-emergence herbicide. Post-emergence herbicide application supported earliest flower initiation (80-85 days) compared to manual weeding (82-92 days) and pre-emergence herbicides (83-90 days). The combination of zero tillage and pre-emergence herbicide weed management gave the highest number of tillers of 34.3 per hill and maximized grain yield (6661 kg/ha). Longest rice root length was 34 cm in zero tillage with compost amendments and pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Soil carbon stock below 40 cm soil depth was highest in zero tillage (0.89% C) compared to minimum tillage (0.65% C) and conventional tillage (0.55 % C). Results gave good indication of best land preparation, soil amendment and weed management practice that could promote sustainable cropping in sandy-loam textured lowland soils.   

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