scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Pathogen Resistance of Oil Palm

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Lu Wei ◽  
Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin ◽  
Haiqing Zhang ◽  
Ruining Zhang ◽  
Hongxing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Existing Problems

Oil palm crops are the most important determinant of the agricultural economy within the segment of oilseed crops. Oil palm growing in their natural habitats are often challenged simultaneously by multiple stress factors, both abiotic and biotic that limit crop productivity and are major constraints to meeting global food demands. The stress-tolerant oil palm crops that mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses on crop productivity are crucially needed to sustain agricultural production. Basal stem rot threatens the development of the industry, and the key to solving the problem is to breed new oil palm varieties resistant to adversity. This has created a need for genetic improvement which involves evaluation of germplasm, pest and disease resistance, earliness and shattering resistance, quality of oil, varieties for different climatic conditions, etc. In recent years, insights into physiology, molecular biology, and genetics have significantly enhanced our understanding of oil palm response towards such stimuli as well as the reason for varietal diversity in tolerance. In this review, we explore the research progress, existing problems, and prospects of oil palm stress resistance-based physiological mechanisms of stress tolerance as well as the genes and metabolic pathways that regulate stress response.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Ana Fita
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Abiotic stress represents a main constraint for agriculture, affecting plant growth and productivity. Drought and soil salinity, especially, are major causes of reduction of crop yields and food production worldwide. It is not unexpected, therefore, that the study of plant responses to abiotic stress and stress tolerance mechanisms is one of the most active research fields in plant biology. This Special Issue compiles 22 research papers and 4 reviews covering different aspects of these responses and mechanisms, addressing environmental stress factors such as drought, salinity, flooding, heat and cold stress, deficiency or toxicity of compounds in the soil (e.g., macro and micronutrients), and combination of different stresses. The approaches used are also diverse, including, among others, the analysis of agronomic traits based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical studies, and transcriptomics or transgenics. Despite its complexity, we believe that this Special Issue provides a useful overview of the topic, including basic information on the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance as well as practical aspects such as the alleviation of the deleterious effects of stress by different means, or the use of local landraces as a source of genetic material adapted to combined stresses. This knowledge should help to develop the agriculture of the (near) future, sustainable and better adapted to the conditions ahead, in a scenario of global warming and environmental pollution.

Advances in Stress Factors of Aquatic Macrophytes in Polluted Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Cui Ying Zhang ◽  
Li Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Nutritive Salt

Aquatic macrophytes are of significant importance for polluted water restoration.This paper reviews current research progress of stress factors for aquatic macrophytes growth and analyzes existing problems. Factors including nutritive salt, suspended sediments and deposited sediments had an obvious effect on aquatic macrophytes growth, and the impacts of light intensity, heavy metals, temperature and pH on the growth of aquatic macrophytes were little than that of the above factors. The problems existed in present researches were: dynamic and quantificational studies of the impacts of some stress factors on aquatic macrophytes growth were insufficient, there was lack of integrated investigations considering several factors which were of complex relationship.

Recent advances in micronutrient foliar spray for enhancing crop productivity and managing abiotic stress tolerance

2022 ◽  
pp. 377-398
Author(s):  
Ratnakumar Pasala ◽  
Ramesh Kulasekaran ◽  
Brij Bihari Pandey ◽  
C.H.L.N. Manikanta ◽  
K. Gopika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Recent Advances

Evaluation of barnyard millet diversity in central Himalayan region for environmental stress tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 1497-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. TRIVEDI ◽  
L. ARYA ◽  
S. K. VERMA ◽  
R. K. TYAGI ◽  
A. HEMANTARANJAN
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Barnyard Millet

SUMMARYThe mountain ecosystem of the Central Himalayan Region is known for its diversity of crops and their wild relatives. In spite of adverse climatic conditions, this region is endowed with a rich diversity of millets. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore, collect, conserve and evaluate the diversity of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) to find out the extent of diversity available in different traits and the traits responsible for abiotic stress tolerance, and to identify trait-specific accessions for crop improvement and also for the cultivation of millets in the region as well as in other similar agro-ecological regions. A total of 178 accessions were collected and evaluated for a range of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Significant variability was noted in days to 50% flowering, days to 80% maturity, 1000 seed weight and yield potential of the germplasm. These traits are considered to be crucial for tailoring new varieties for different agro-climatic conditions. Variations in biochemical traits such as lipid peroxidation (0·552–7·421 nmol malondialdehyde formed/mg protein/h), total glutathione (105·270–423·630 mmol/g fresh weight) and total ascorbate (4·980–9·880 mmol/g fresh weight) content indicate the potential of collected germplasm for abiotic stress tolerance. Principal component analysis also indicated that yield, superoxide dismutase activity, plant height, days to 50% flowering, catalase activity and glutathione content are suitable traits for screening large populations of millet and selection of suitable germplasm for crop improvement and cultivation. Trait-specific accessions identified in the present study could be useful in crop improvement programmes, climate-resilient agriculture and improving food security in areas with limited resources.

scholarly journals Wild and Traditional Barley Genomic Resources as a Tool for Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Biotic Relations

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Giorgia Capasso ◽  
Giorgia Santini ◽  
Mariagioia Petraretti ◽  
Sergio Esposito ◽  
Simone Landi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main crops cultivated all over the world. As for other cereals, throughout the centuries barley was subjected by human breeding to genetic erosion phenomena, which guaranteed improved yields in organized (and then mechanized) agriculture; on the other hand, this selection weakened the ability of barley to survive under adverse environments. Currently, it is clear that climate change requires an urgent availability of crop varieties able to grow under stress conditions, namely limited irrigation, salinity, high temperatures, and other stresses. In this context, an important role could be played by wild relatives and landraces selected by farmers, particularly in specific field areas and/or climatic conditions. In this review, we investigated the origin of barley and the potentialities of wild varieties and landraces in different contexts, and their resilience to abiotic stress. The data obtained from Next Generation Sequencing technologies were examined to highlight the critical aspects of barley evolution and the most important features for abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the potential of appropriate mycorrhiza is discussed under the view of the essential role played by these symbioses in field crops. The abilities of specific barley wild varieties and landraces may represent novel opportunities and suggest innovative strategies for the improvement of abiotic tolerance in crops and particularly in barley.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document