scholarly journals Divergence in Corn Mycorrhizal Colonization Patterns Due to Organic Treatment

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2760
Author(s):  
Victoria Pop-Moldovan ◽  
Rodica Vârban ◽  
Larisa Corcoz ◽  
Anca Pleșa ◽  
Vlad Stoian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Highly Correlated

Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals can cause large imbalances in soils and agricultural ecosystems. In this context, mycorrhizae represent a viable solution to mitigate these negative effects. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are vital symbionts due to the multiple benefits they bring to both crops and the entire agroecosystem. The main purpose of this study was to observe whether differentiated fertilization has an influence on mycorrhizal colonization patterns in corn. Observed frequencies and intensities of colonization varied widely between phenophases and treatments, with 20% variation for frequency and 14% for intensity, which implies the constant development of both partners during the vegetation period. Arbuscules and vesicles were present in all development stages, but the overall mean was lower than 4% for arbuscules and 1% for vesicles in the analyzed root fragments. Intensity was highly correlated with frequency of colonization compared with arbuscules, where the coefficient was 0.54, and vesicles, with a coefficient of 0.16. Both PCA and NMDS provided good graphical solutions, with a high resolution due to explained variance and good spatial position of vectors. The use of mycorrhizal maps permits the full exploration of colonization patterns and fungal strategy, and the assessment of mycorrhizae-free areas. For the untreated variant, the strategy was oriented toward a longitudinal colonization followed by an irregular development of hyphae with multiple non-colonized areas. Treatment acts to stimulate the appearance of mycorrhizal spots, which further develop radially.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Moisture Regimes on Seed Iron and Zinc Concentration of Biofortified Bean Genotypes against Malnutrition in Sud-Kivu Highlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casinga Mubasi Clérisse ◽  
Neema Ciza Angélique ◽  
Kajibwami Cikuru Marie-Angélique ◽  
Nabahungu Nshwarasi Leon ◽  
Mambani Banda Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Main Factor

This study investigated the influence of three soil moisture irrigation regimes on concentration of seed iron and zinc content of four biofortified bean varieties promoted for eradication of malnutrition in Sud-Kivu highlands. A field experiment was conducted in the Hogola marsh highlands during two cultural seasons B2013 and B2014. The experiment design was a RCBD with a split plot arrangement where the main plots were 110 m2 and split plots 20 m2. A strategic application of homogenisation of the experimental site’s soil fertility by chemical fertilizers of the type: CaCO3, KCl and DAP was conducted out. Four biofortified varieties (CODMLB001, RWR2245, HM21-7 and RWK10) constituted main factor, while water regimes respectively [bottom of the slope: R1 = 48% soil moisture, at the middle of the slope R2 = 37% soil moisture and at the top of the slope: R3 = 29% soil moisture according to the gradient of humidity] represented secondary factor and seasonality, tertiary factor. The study showed that the concentrations of iron and zinc were highly correlated with soil moisture regimes. The variety HM21-7 demonstrated better adaptability because it showed a low rate of reduction of iron and zinc concentration under the three soil moisture regimes and was therefore best suited to fight malnutrition in the Sud-Kivu province.

Cooperatives: an alternative to water privatization in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Douvitsa ◽  
Demosthenis Kassavetis
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Privatization ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of this article is to investigate the organization of water cooperatives in Greece for the first time, as promoted by a spontaneous social mobilization called Initiative 136. The above attempt appears as an alternative proposition as opposed to the state-driven full privatization of EYATH S.A. Design/methodology/approach – This article presents previous work on water cooperatives and the negative effects of water privatization worldwide, relating it to water privatization in Greek reality through the prism of the current recession. Findings – While full privatization under the pressure of the economic crisis is very likely to yield significantly negative results, a transformation into a water cooperative might provide a viable solution. Research limitations/implications – Water cooperatives provide a solution for water distribution that is friendly for the consumer, the society and the environment. Practical implications – Application of a cooperative method of water provision in Greece could be a springboard for the use of the model in other areas. Originality/value – The article evaluates the privatization and cooperativization attempt of EYATH S.A. based on previous related research and considering Greece ' s current conditions.

scholarly journals Waste management using vermicompost derived liquids in sustainable horticulture

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shirani Bidabadi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Sustainable Horticulture ◽  
Hospital Wastes

The technology of vermicomposting containing their leachates, teas and other extracts such as vermiwash as a result of earthworm action is widely applied for safe management of agricultural, industrial, domestic and hospital wastes. Remediation of polluted soils, improving crop productivity and inducing the resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses are other advantages of vermicompost derived liquids when used in agriculture. Contrary to the fact that chemical fertilizers are still widely used in agriculture, societies gradually become aware of the negative effects of these fertilizers on their health. Therefore, vermicompost derived liquids contain high amount of valuable plant nutrients which has the potential to be used as liquid fertilizer. This paper reviews the potential of vermicompost derived liquids as as an efficient combination of nutrient source of vermicompost derived liquids contributing to plant growth and acting as a deterrent to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Uptake of Atrazine by Hyphae ofGlomusVesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Root Systems of Corn (Zea maysL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman D. Nelson ◽  
Shahamat U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Treatment Vessel

A system, including a specialized treatment vessel for pesticide uptake studies, was developed and experiments were carried out to determine the ability ofGlomus intraradices(Schenck & Smith),G. vesiculiferium(Thaxter), and indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi to influence14C-atrazine uptake and transfer to corn. Uptake by root systems with and without VAM infection was compared to uptake by VAM hyphal systems by controlling access to14C-atrazine-treated soil. Hyphal systems ofGlomusspecies were able to remove14C-residue from soil and transfer these to corn. Amount of14C-residue transferred to corn through hyphal systems was highly correlated to the level of VAM root infection which varied among VAM species. In root systems, variations in14C-residue uptake resulting from mycorrhization were largely explained in terms of the negative correlation between level of infection and root mass located in14C-atrazine-treated soil. Allocation of14C-residue to shoot tissues of corn was greater when14C-residues were taken up through root systems rather than through hyphal systems. There were significant effects of VAM species on14C-residue compartmentalization between methanol extractable and nonextractable portions of corn tissues. Data from these experiments in a confined soil system were related to VAM cost-benefit relationships and indicate a significant role for VAM in determining atrazine fate in agricultural systems.

scholarly journals The Influence of foliar fertilization on different soybean genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Adrian NEGREA ◽  
Raluca REZI ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Camelia URDĂ ◽  
Vasilena SUCIU
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops due to its high oil and protein content with a significant role in nutrition. Micronutrients for soybean growth and development are very important and foliar fertilization is used to overcome environmental stress and help soybean plants to fill their nutritive needs. The research was carried out in 2020 by the Soybean Breeding Laboratory from the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Turda, Romania. Foliar fertilization had both positive and negative effects for 1000-grain weight and yield however, quality traits do not seem to be influenced by applying supplement of microelements during the vegetation period. The research suggests that genotype is the determining factor in the efficiency of foliar fertilization. In this sense, the present experiment will continue to bring answers regarding the effects of foliar fertilizers on some soybean genotypes.

scholarly journals Research Regarding the Chemical Fertilizers Effects on Physiological Indices and Protein at Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Carmen BEINSAN ◽  
Radu ȘUMĂLAN ◽  
Anamaria VÂTCĂ ◽  
Ștefania GÂDEA ◽  
Sorin VÂTCĂ
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses

In this experiment we studied the influence of chemical fertilizers on physiological indices and the amount of protein in two soybean varieties, Atlas and Hodgson. Researches has been carried out between 2017-2019 at Didactic Station of BUASMV Timişoara with different doses of chemical fertilizers. Observations and measurements were made on plant physiology and yield characteristics. The process of accumulation of dry substances in different organs of the plant during the vegetation period is dependent to the effectiveness of fertilization. The dynamics of the total water content in the plant and especially its modification under the influence of chemical fertilizers is of interest for the appreciation of the process of formation of dry substances, respectively of agricultural harvest. In both varieties between the experimental and the control variant, significant differences appeared in all followed indicators, the most favorable variant being N45P63K45. Superior results were registered at Atlas, better adapted to the ecological conditions of the reference area. Fertilizers are decisive factors in the increase of yield and the quantity of protein, although this plant has the capacity to supply some of the necessary nitrogen with bacterial symbionts. High doses of phosphorus did not produce higher yields compared to moderate ones.

scholarly journals High phosphorus fertilization reduces mycorrhizal colonization and plant biomass of three cultivars of pineapple

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-858
Author(s):  
Dora Trejo ◽  
Jacob Bañuelos ◽  
Mayra E. Gavito ◽  
Wendy Sangabriel-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers

A strategy to increase the productivity of pineapple agricultural systems is the excessive application of chemical fertilizers. In the state of Veracruz, Mexico, pineapple fields are being fertilized with P (180 to 240 kg ha-1) to maximize yields so that fertilizer applications keep increasing. We assessed the interaction between chemical phosphorus fertilizers, the establishment of mycorrhizal associations and biomass production of Cayenne, Champaka, and MD2 cultivars of pineapple in a greenhouse experiment. Plants were inoculated with a mycorrhizal consortium and grown with 0, 80, 200, 300, 500, and 600 mg phosphorus kg-1 soil additions in 8 kg pots for 8 months. Phosphorus reduced mycorrhizal colonization already at the lowest phosphorus fertilization dose in two of the three cultivars and became minimal for all cultivars from 200 mg P kg-1 soil. At the two highest phosphorus fertilization levels, shoot dry biomass and the dry weight of leaf D was reduced in all cultivars. The results show that the farmer´s practice of adding excessive fertilizer as an insurance principle is reaching the levels where fertilization is becoming detrimental for production and mycorrhizal benefits for the crop and the soil are being eliminated.

scholarly journals Fiziološki odziv žlahtne vinske trte Vitis vinifera L. na okužbo z zvijanjem listov vinske trte povezanih virusov (GLRaV-1 in GLRaV-1 + GLRaV-3)

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Melita Štrukelj ◽  
Jaka RAZINGER ◽  
Barbara GRUBAR ◽  
Uroš ŽIBRAT ◽  
Irena MAVRIČ PLEŠKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Leafroll Disease

Grapevine leafroll disease is one of the most severe viral diseases of grapevine caused by Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Physiological processes were monitored on grapevines with single (GLRaV-1) and mixed (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV -3) viral infection under greenhouse conditions from June to September, in vegetation period 2014. In the mid of the season (July) negative effects of the virus infections on physiological processes were more severe in mixed than in single infection. The net-photosynthesis (Pn) of the leaves infected with GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 reached only a half of the Pn in GLRaV-1 infected grapevines. Similar reduction was found for stomatal conductance, transpiration and parameters related to photochemical efficiency (electron transport rate).

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