scholarly journals Annotation and Expression of IDN2-like and FDM-like Genes in Sexual and Aposporous Hypericum perforatum L. accessions

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Andrea Basso ◽  
Gianni Barcaccia ◽  
Giulio Galla
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Reproductive Phenotype

The protein IDN2, together with the highly similar interactors FDM1 and FDM2, is required for RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and siRNA production. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is required to restrict cell fate determination in A. thaliana ovules. Recently, three transcripts sharing high similarity with the A. thaliana IDN2 and FDM1-2 were found to be differentially expressed in ovules of apomictic Hypericum perforatum L. accessions. To gain further insight into the expression and regulation of these genes in the context of apomixis, we investigated genomic, transcriptional and functional aspects of the gene family in this species. The H. perforatum genome encodes for two IDN2-like and 7 FDM-like genes. Differential and heterochronic expression of FDM4-like genes was found in H. perforatum pistils. The involvement of these genes in reproduction and seed development is consistent with the observed reduction of the seed set and high variability in seed size in A. thaliana IDN2 and FDM-like knockout lines. Differential expression of IDN2-like and FDM-like genes in H. perforatum was predicted to affect the network of potential interactions between these proteins. Furthermore, pistil transcript levels are modulated by cytokinin and auxin but the effect operated by the two hormones depends on the reproductive phenotype.

scholarly journals Repression of Inappropriate Gene Expression in the Vertebrate Embryonic Ectoderm

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoshana Reich ◽  
Daniel C. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Vertebrate Development ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Inappropriate Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

During vertebrate embryogenesis, precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for proper cell fate determination. Much of what we know about vertebrate development has been gleaned from experiments performed on embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis; this review will focus primarily on studies of this model organism. An early critical step during vertebrate development is the formation of the three primary germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—which emerge during the process of gastrulation. While much attention has been focused on the induction of mesoderm and endoderm, it has become clear that differentiation of the ectoderm involves more than the simple absence of inductive cues; rather, it additionally requires the inhibition of mesendoderm-promoting genes. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the various inhibitors of inappropriate gene expression in the presumptive ectoderm.

scholarly journals Characterization of Zebrafish Pax1b and Pax9 in Fin Bud Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xuemei Chen ◽  
Huizhe Huang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Fengjin Guo ◽  
Xiaogang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Precise Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into

Both Pax1 and Pax9 belong to the important paired box gene family (PAX), which mainly participates in animal development and sclerotome differentiation. To date, the precise molecular mechanism and related signaling pathway of Pax1 remain unclear. In our study, microinjection of morpholino- (MO-) modified antisense oligonucleotides againstpax1binduced pectoral fin bud defects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenotypes caused by the knockdown of Pax1b in zebrafish could not be phenocopied bypax9MO and could not be rescued by either Pax1a or Pax9 overexpression. We further find that Pax1b affects the expression ofcol2a1, Uncx4.1, Noggin3, andaggrecan, confirming the role of Pax1b in chondrocyte differentiation and bone maturation. Moreover, we identify an interaction between PAX1 and FOXO1 and find that the interaction was enhanced under hypoxia stress. Together, this evidence for cell death caused bypax1bknockdown provides new insight into the role of the Pax protein family in cell fate determination and tissue specification.

A requirement for Notch in the genesis of a subset of glial cells in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system which arise through asymmetric divisions

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Udolph ◽  
P. Rath ◽  
W. Chia
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Insight Into

In the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) glial cells are known to be generated from glioblasts, which produce exclusively glia or neuroglioblasts that bifurcate to produce both neuronal and glial sublineages. We show that the genesis of a subset of glial cells, the subperineurial glia (SPGs), involves a new mechanism and requires Notch. We demonstrate that the SPGs share direct sibling relationships with neurones and are the products of asymmetric divisions. This mechanism of specifying glial cell fates within the CNS is novel and provides further insight into regulatory interactions leading to glial cell fate determination. Furthermore, we show that Notch signalling positively regulates glial cells missing (gcm) expression in the context of SPG development.

Carboxypeptidase A5 identifies a novel mast cell lineage in the zebrafish providing new insight into mast cell fate determination

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 2969-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tristan Dobson ◽  
Jake Seibert ◽  
Evelyn M. Teh ◽  
Sahar Da'as ◽  
Robert B. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lysozyme C

Abstract Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in allergy and inflammation, yet their development remains controversial due to limitations posed by traditional animal models. The zebrafish provides a highly efficient system for studying vertebrate hematopoiesis. We have identified zebrafish MCs in the gill and intestine, which resemble their mammalian counterparts both structurally and functionally. Carboxypeptidase A5 (cpa5), a MC-specific enzyme, is expressed in zebrafish blood cells beginning at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). At 28 hpf, colocalization is observed with pu.1, mpo, l-plastin, and lysozyme C, but not fms or cepbα, identifying these early MCs as a distinct myeloid population arising from a common granulocyte/monocyte progenitor. Morpholino “knock-down” studies demonstrate that transcription factors gata-2 and pu.1, but not gata-1 or fog-1, are necessary for early MC development. These studies validate the zebrafish as an in vivo tool for studying MC ontogeny and function with future capacity for modeling human MC diseases.

Determination of Hypericin in St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) extracts using HPLC-ED

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sofic ◽  
A Copra Janicijevic ◽  
M Maksimovic ◽  
I Tahirovic ◽  
L Klepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L

Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

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