Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Drivers of the Seed Aging Process

Seeds are an important life cycle stage because they guarantee plant survival in unfavorable environmental conditions and the transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring. However, similar to every organ, seeds undergo aging processes that limit their viability and ultimately cause the loss of their basic property, i.e., the ability to germinate. Seed aging is a vital economic and scientific issue that is related to seed resistance to an array of factors, both internal (genetic, structural, and physiological) and external (mainly storage conditions: temperature and humidity). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to initiate seed aging via the degradation of cell membrane phospholipids and the structural and functional deterioration of proteins and genetic material. Researchers investigating seed aging claim that the effective protection of genetic resources requires an understanding of the reasons for senescence of seeds with variable sensitivity to drying and long-term storage. Genomic integrity considerably affects seed viability and vigor. The deterioration of nucleic acids inhibits transcription and translation and exacerbates reductions in the activity of antioxidant system enzymes. All of these factors significantly limit seed viability.

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Progress in research on dry afterripening

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s096025851000036x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 69-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Raquel Iglesias-Fernández ◽

María del Carmen Rodríguez-Gacio ◽

Angel J. Matilla

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Aba Metabolism ◽

Signalling Network ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Temperature Window

AbstractThe transition from the dormant to the non-dormant state of a viable and mature seed can take place at low hydration by exposure to air-dry storage conditions (dry afterripening; AR). The events occurring during this loss of dormancy are of considerable physiological, ecological and agricultural interest. AR may be attributable to increased sensitivity to germination-stimulating factors and a widening of the temperature window for germination. Genetic, –omics and physiological studies on this mode of dormancy breaking provide support for a key role of the balance between gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and sensitivity. Recent evidence also supports a possible role for ethylene (ET) in this complex signalling network that is necessary for AR implementation. However, hormone-independent signals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrate (NO _{3}^{ - } ) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), also appear to be involved. The way in which hormone- and non-hormone-signalling pathways affects each other (cross-talk) is still under study. This review provides updated information on the programmes that overcome seed dormancy. Thus, we have reviewed: (1) the –omic status in dry seeds; (2) the relationship between temperature and nitrate signalling and AR; (3) alterations in ABA/GA synthesis and signalling; (4) the action of hormone molecules other than ABA and GA (i.e. ET, salicylic and jasmonic acids); and (5) participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD+ and protein carbonylation. Taken together, the acquisition and implementation of dry AR involve a complex signalling network that is difficult to disentangle.

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The roles of free radicals in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: reactive oxygen species and elevated oxidation of protein, DNA, and membrane phospholipids

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.13.15.2318 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2318-2328 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

DANXIA LIU ◽

JING WEN ◽

JING LIU ◽

LIPING LI

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

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The Influence of Light on Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-кB in Disease Progression

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8120640 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 640 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Naresh Kumar Rajendran ◽

Blassan P. George ◽

Rahul Chandran ◽

Ivan Mfouo Tynga ◽

Nicolette Houreld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Tumor Suppressors ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

Light Chain Enhancer

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important secondary metabolites that play major roles in signaling pathways, with their levels often used as analytical tools to investigate various cellular scenarios. They potentially damage genetic material and facilitate tumorigenesis by inhibiting certain tumor suppressors. In diabetic conditions, substantial levels of ROS stimulate oxidative stress through specialized precursors and enzymatic activity, while minimum levels are required for proper wound healing. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses light to stimulate cellular mechanisms and facilitate the removal of oxidative stress. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) generates ROS to induce selective tumor destruction. The regulatory roles of PBM via crosstalk between ROS and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) are substantial for the appropriate management of various conditions.

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Chemopreventive compounds from plant derived food and their bioactivity

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v9i5.20177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ablassé Rouamba ◽

Moussa Compaore ◽

Martin Kiendrebeogo

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Animal Health ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Membrane Phospholipids

Terrestrial plants, especially higher plants, have a long history of use for the treatment of many human diseases such as ailment, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Since then, many studies have been designed to evaluate biochemical properties of whole plant extract, fractions or isolated compounds. Several researches have established the relation between consumption of plant derived products to minimize the oxidative stress and diseases associated with stress. These beneficial biological properties on animal health has been attributed to certain classes of metabolites contents in plants including anthocyanins, flavonols, tannins, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and vitamins. The bioactivity of these compounds is due to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) or NOS or to modulate antioxidant enzymes expression. The devastating environmental pollution has burdened with numerous toxic chemicals of which biological compounds such as nucleic acid, proteins and membrane phospholipids were the potential targets leading to mutation, cell injury and death. The endogenous antioxidant systems falls prey in response to these toxic and deleterious oxidants and reactive oxygen species. In these conditions, exogenous chemopreventive compounds extracted from plant derived foods are required to maintain cell hemostasis. This review highlights the source and the chemopreventive mechanisms of genoprotective compounds from plant derived food.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 1-7

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Interaction of reactive oxygen species with ion transport mechanisms

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.1.c1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (1) ◽

pp. C1-C24 ◽

Cited By ~ 394

Author(s):

Joseph I. Kourie

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Signal Transduction ◽

Ion Transport ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Transport Proteins ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Transport Mechanisms ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Transport Pathways ◽

Regulatory Enzymes

The use of electrophysiological and molecular biology techniques has shed light on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced impairment of surface and internal membranes that control cellular signaling. These deleterious effects of ROS are due to their interaction with various ion transport proteins underlying the transmembrane signal transduction, namely, 1) ion channels, such as Ca2+ channels (including voltage-sensitive L-type Ca2+currents, dihydropyridine receptor voltage sensors, ryanodine receptor Ca2+-release channels, andd- myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+-release channels), K+ channels (such as Ca2+-activated K+ channels, inward and outward K+ currents, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels), Na+ channels, and Cl− channels; 2) ion pumps, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemmal Ca2+pumps, Na+-K+-ATPase (Na+ pump), and H+-ATPase (H+ pump); 3) ion exchangers such as the Na+/Ca2+exchanger and Na+/H+exchanger; and 4) ion cotransporters such as K+-Cl−, Na+-K+-Cl−, and Pi-Na+cotransporters. The mechanism of ROS-induced modifications in ion transport pathways involves 1) oxidation of sulfhydryl groups located on the ion transport proteins, 2) peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, and 3) inhibition of membrane-bound regulatory enzymes and modification of the oxidative phosphorylation and ATP levels. Alterations in the ion transport mechanisms lead to changes in a second messenger system, primarily Ca2+ homeostasis, which further augment the abnormal electrical activity and distortion of signal transduction, causing cell dysfunction, which underlies pathological conditions.

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Thermotherapy and Storage Temperature Manipulations Limit the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Stored Pedunculate Oak Acorns

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12101338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1338

Author(s):

Ewa Marzena Kalemba ◽

Mikołaj Krzysztof Wawrzyniak ◽

Jan Suszka ◽

Paweł Chmielarz

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Oxygen Species

For many species, seed storage protocols are still being improved to provide viable seeds of the highest quality. Seed storage is extremely problematic for short-lived seeds categorized as recalcitrant, including pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), for which the optimal seed storage protocol involves a temperature of –3 °C and 40% acorn moisture content recommendations. The sensitivity of pedunculated oak seeds to temperature manipulations under preparation for long-term storage has been poorly investigated, particularly in terms of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are assumed to be determinants of seed longevity. Thermotherapy, the pathogen elimination procedure, did not increase the level of three types of ROS: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical (•OH). The temporal heat stress of thermotherapy resulted in slightly reduced levels of H2O2, indicating activation of the antioxidant systems in acorn preparation for storage. The effect of constant storage temperatures (−3, −5, −7 °C) and their combinations (−3 → −5 °C or −3 → −5 →−7 °C) on ROS levels and seed viability was investigated in three provenances. The highest ROS levels were detected in acorns stored at −7 °C, whereas three-step cold acclimation was beneficial for reducing ROS levels. Interestingly, the levels of H2O2 were not affected by temperature in thermotherapized acorns. In contrast, decreasing storage temperature caused a linear increase in •OH levels in all provenances. The effect of heat stress and cold stress on ROS levels in relation to long-term seed storage of pedunculate oak is discussed here in relation to the seed viability evidenced via germination rates, seedling emergence and electrolyte leakage. Thermotherapy and cold acclimation of acorns can improve their viability after storage by decreasing ROS levels.

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The RcsCDB regulatory system plays a crucial role in the protection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium against oxidative stress

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.081133-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 160 (10) ◽

pp. 2190-2199 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Juan V. Farizano ◽

Mariela A. Torres ◽

María de las Mercedes Pescaretti ◽

Mónica A. Delgado

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Stationary Growth Phase ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

And Function

Dps, the most abundant protein during the stationary growth phase, in Salmonella enterica is required for resistance to reactive oxygen species produced by the host during infection. It has been reported that in Salmonella dps expression is controlled by RpoS and Fur proteins. However, the regulation and function of Dps remain to be resolved. In the present work we demonstrate that activation of the complex RcsCDB regulatory system increases dps expression during exponential growth of Salmonella. In addition, we show that such dps upregulation produces high levels of H2O2 resistance. This phenotype allows the bacteria to avoid reactive oxygen species killing at early stages of growth, thus protecting its genetic material.

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Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen species

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20090056 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. c3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena M. Cochemé ◽

Michael P. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species

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Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0710121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ascan Warnholtz ◽

Maria Wendt ◽

Michael August ◽

Thomas Münzel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

No Production ◽

Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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