scholarly journals Highly Predictive Genetic Markers Distinguish Drug-Type from Fiber-Type Cannabis sativa L

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelia Cascini ◽  
Alessio Farcomeni ◽  
Daniele Migliorini ◽  
Laura Baldassarri ◽  
Ilaria Boschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Drug Type ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Genetic markers can be used in seeds and in plants to distinguish drug-type from fiber-type Cannabis Sativa L. varieties even at early stages, including pre-germination when cannabinoids are not accumulated yet. With this aim, this paper reports sequencing results for tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) and cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) genes from 21 C. sativa L. varieties. Taking into account that THCAS- and CBDAS-derived enzymes compete for the same substrate, the novelty of this work relies in the identification of markers based on both THCAS and CBDAS rather than THCAS alone. Notably, in our panel, we achieved an adequate degree of discrimination (AUC 100%) between drug-type and fiber-type cannabis samples. Our sequencing approach allowed identifying multiple genetic markers (single-nucleotide polymorphisms—SNPs—and a deletion/insertion) that effectively discriminate between the two subgroups of cannabis, namely fiber type vs. drug type. We identified four functional SNPs that are likely to induce decreased THCAS activity in the fiber-type cannabis plants. We also report the finding on a deletion in the CBDAS gene sequence that produces a truncated protein, possibly resulting in loss of function of the enzyme in the drug-type varieties. Chemical analyses for the actual concentration of cannabinoids confirmed the identification of drug-type rather than fiber-type genotypes. Genetic markers permit an early identification process for forensic applications while simplifying the procedures related to detection of therapeutic or industrial hemp.

scholarly journals Frequent gain- and loss-of-function mutations of the BjMYB113 gene accounted for leaf color variation in Brassica juncea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui An ◽  
Jiongjiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important economic vegetable, and some cultivars have purple leaves and accumulate more anthocyanins than the green. The genetic and evolution of purple trait in mustard has not been well studied. Result In this study, free-hand sections and metabolomics showed that the purple leaves of mustard accumulated more anthocyanins than green ones. The gene controlling purple leaves in mustard, Mustard Purple Leaves (MPL), was genetically mapped and a MYB113-like homolog was identified as the candidate gene. We identified three alleles of the MYB113-like gene, BjMYB113a from a purple cultivar, BjMYB113b and BjMYB113c from green cultivars. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 InDels were found between the promoter sequences of the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113b. On the other hand, the only sequence variation between the purple allele BjMYB113a and the green allele BjMYB113c is an insertion of 1,033-bp fragment in the 3’region of BjMYB113c. Transgenic assay and promoter activity studies showed that the polymorphism in the promoter region was responsible for the up-regulation of the purple allele BjMYB113a and high accumulation of anthocyanin in the purple cultivar. The up-regulation of BjMYB113a increased the expression of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway including BjCHS, BjF3H, BjF3’H, BjDFR, BjANS and BjUGFT, and consequently led to high accumulation of anthocyanin. However, the up-regulation of BjMYB113 was compromised by the insertion of 1,033-bp in 3’region of the allele BjMYB113c. Conclusions Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics and evolution of the BjMYB113 gene controlling purple leaves and provide useful information for further breeding programs of mustard.

A pilot replication study of two PER3 single nucleotide polymorphisms as potential genetic markers for morning and evening earliness-lateness

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir B. Dorokhov ◽  
Alexandra N Puchkova ◽  
Anton O. Taranov ◽  
Petr A. Slominsky ◽  
Valentin A. Vavilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Analysis of 4 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Relation to Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer Development Using a High-Throughput Ligation-Detection Reaction Procedure

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1664-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut von Keyserling ◽  
Thomas Bergmann ◽  
Miriam Schuetz ◽  
Ursula Schiller ◽  
Jonas Stanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

BackgroundHost genetic characteristics and environmental factors may correlate with risk for cervical cancer development. Here we describe a retrospective screening study for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic markersTP53, MTHFR, CYP1A1,andCYP2E1in 749 patients.MethodsA multiplex ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction approach was applied. We used archived material from human papillomavirus tests and correlated SNP genotypes to the corresponding clinical data. Semantic integration was used to identify and evaluate the clinical status from electronic health records.ResultsAn association with cervical cancer and high-grade dysplasia was found for the rare homozygous CC genotype (rs4646903) inCYP1A1(odds ratio [OR], 8.862). Odds ratios were also significantly elevated for heterozygousMTHFRCT genotype (rs1801133; OR, 1.457). No significant association was found inTP53(rs1042522) andCYP2E1(rs3813867). In addition, we found smokers at higher risk (OR, 2.688) and identified pregnancies as a significant risk factor (OR, 1.54).ConclusionsOur protocol enables a feasible way for further retrospective large sample size evaluation of potential genetic markers. This study revealed genetic associations of a rare SNP genotype with cervical dysplasia in one of the largest patient sample to date that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning, Expression Profiling, and Marker Validation of the Chicken Myoz3 Gene

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maosen Ye ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
Liutao He ◽  
Yiping Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Marker Validation ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Type Differentiation

Myozenin3 (Myoz3) has been reported to bind multiple Z-disc proteins and hence play a key role in signal transduction and muscle fiber type differentiation. The purpose of current study is to better understand the basic characteristics of Myoz3. Firstly, we cloned the ORF (open reading frame) of the Myoz3 gene. AA (amino acid) sequence analysis revealed that the Myoz3 gene encodes a 26 kDa protein which have 97% identities with that of turkey. Expression profiling showed that Myoz3 mRNA is mainly expressed in leg muscle and breast muscle. Furthermore, we investigated Myoz3 gene polymorphisms in two broiler breeds, the Yellow Bantam (YB) and the Avian. Five SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified in the YB breed and 3 were identified in the Avian breed. Genotypes and haplotype were constructed and their associations with carcass traits were analyzed. In the YB breed, c.516 C>T had a strong effect on both shank bone length and the L⁎ value of breast muscle, and the H1H3 diplotype had the highest FC compared to other diplotypes. The markers identified in this study may serve as useful targets for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) of growth and meat quality traits in chickens.

Presence of CAT genetic markers as an indicator of accelerated rate of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
I. A. Bulatova ◽  
T. P. Shevlyukova ◽  
A. P. Shchekotova ◽  
A. V. Krivtsov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Goal. To evaluate the genetic profi le of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) by the CAT gene polymorphism in the region-262G/A (rs1001179), GPX4 in the region-718C/T (rs713041), IL28B in the region C/T (rs12979860) and VEGFA in the region- 634G/C (rs2010963) to analyze the association of the rate of progression of liver fi brosis with polymorphic genetic markers.Materials and methods. We examined 36 patients with CHC with a rapidly progressive rate of fi brosis (up to 10 years) and 56 patients with a slowly progressive course of the disease (more than 10 years). The study of single- nucleotide polymorphisms of genes was carried out by the method of polymerase chain reaction.Results. In the group with rapid progression of liver fi brosis, individuals with multiple risk alleles for the studied polymorphisms were more common, which confi rms the association of the risk of liver fi brosis progression with the genetic markers CAT in the region-262G/A (rs1001179) and GPX4 in the region-718C/T (rs713041) with their combined carrier. Among patients with rapid progression of fi brosis, a greater number of individuals had simultaneously 4–6 risk alleles in 27.5%, while patients with slow progression of the process only in 11% of cases.Conclusion. This set of genetic markers can be used as genetic testing of patients with liver fibrosis to determine the prognosis of the disease.

scholarly journals (‒)-Cannabidiolic Acid, a Still Overlooked Bioactive Compound: An Introductory Review and Preliminary Research

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialuisa Formato ◽  
Giuseppina Crescente ◽  
Monica Scognamiglio ◽  
Antonio Fiorentino ◽  
Maria Tommasina Pecoraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Inexpensive Procedure ◽  
Introductory Review

Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is the main phytocannabinoid in fiber and seed-oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants, but its potential health-related capabilities have been masked for years by a greater scientific interest towards its neutral derivative cannabidiol (CBD). This review aims to collect from the literature and critically discuss all the information about this molecule, starting from its biosynthesis, and focusing on its bioactivity, as an anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancerogenic drug. Furthermore, in the awareness that, despite its multiple bioactive effects, currently poor efforts have been made to achieve its reliable purification, herein, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive procedure for its recovery from pollen of industrial hemp cultivars. Spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques allowed us to unequivocally identify pure isolated CBDA and to distinguish it from the constitutional isomer tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A).

scholarly journals Association of Maternal and Fetal Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Metalloproteinase (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9) Genes with Preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Sakowicz ◽  
Michalina Lisowska ◽  
Lidia Biesiada ◽  
Magda Rybak-Krzyszkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Gach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Implantation Process ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role during the process of trophoblast invasion and placentation. The appearance of five functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the genes of the metalloproteinases most commonly implicated in the implantation process may influence the development of preeclampsia. Methods. Blood samples were collected from 86 mothers and 86 children after preeclampsia and 85 mothers and 85 children with uncomplicated pregnancies. The distribution of genotypes for −1607 1G/2G MMP1, −735 C/T MMP2, −1306 C/T MMP2, −1171 5A/6A MMP3, and −1562C/T MMP9 polymorphisms was determined by RFLP-PCR. Results. The occurrence of 1G/1G MMP1 or 5A/5A MMP3 genotype in the mother or 1G/1G MMP1 or 5A/6A MMP3 genotype in the child is associated with preeclampsia development. Moreover, simultaneous maternal and fetal 1G/1G homozygosity increases the risk of preeclampsia development 2.39-fold and the set of maternal 5A/5A and fetal 5A/6A MMP3 genotypes by over 4.5 times. No association between the carriage of studied MMP2 or MMP9 polymorphisms and the predisposition to preeclampsia was found. Conclusion. The maternal 1G/1G MMP1 and 5A/5A MMP3 and fetal 1G/1G MMP1 and 5A/6A MMP3 gene polymorphisms may be strong genetic markers of preeclampsia, occurring either individually or together.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Genetic Markers in Talent Identification and Athlete Assessment in Elite Sport

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ysabel Jacob ◽  
Tania Spiteri ◽  
Nicolas Hart ◽  
Ryan Anderton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Talent Identification ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Athletic Ability

In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. Despite the availability of a plethora of assessments, the dependence on subjective forms of identification remain commonplace in most sporting codes. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and propose additional markers for the identification of motor skill acquisition and learning. While displaying some inconsistencies, both the ACE and ACTN3 polymorphisms appear to be more prevalent in strength and endurance sporting teams, and have been found to correlate to physical assessments. More recently, a number of polymorphisms reportedly correlating to athlete performance have gained attention, however inconsistent research design and varying sports make it difficult to ascertain the relevance to the wider sporting population. In elucidating the role of genetic markers in athleticism, existing talent identification protocols may significantly improve—and ultimately enable—targeted resourcing in junior talent pathways.

Genetic polymorphism of calcium metabolism regulators in differential susceptibility to the effects of lead

2020 ◽  
pp. 669-669
Author(s):  
L. P. Kuzmina ◽  
A. G. Khotuleva ◽  
L. M. Bezrukavnikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Lead Levels

Based on an examination of 102 employees of lead-acid batteries recycling plant, there have been determined associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of calcium metabolism regulators genes VDR (rs10735810) and CALCR (rs187197) and blood lead levels, urine ALA, erythrocytic parameters, that indicates significance of these genetic markers as indicators of susceptibility to lead exposure.

Association of molecular genetic markers and oxidative stress indices in workers in contact with asbestos dust

2020 ◽  
pp. 560-560
Author(s):  
L. M. Bezrukavnikova ◽  
N. N. Anokhin ◽  
E. S. Tsidilkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Molecular Genetic Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms EPHX1 (rs1051740), SAD2 (rs4880), MP9 (rs17576) in persons exposed to asbestos dust are associated with elevated levels of lipid peroxidation catabolites, which confirms their significance in the development of asbestos-related bronchopulmonary pathology.

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