scholarly journals Long-Chain acyl-CoA Synthetase LACS2 Contributes to Submergence Tolerance by Modulating Cuticle Permeability in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Xie ◽  
Wei-Juan Tan ◽  
Yi-Cong Yang ◽  
Yi-Fang Tan ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Processes ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Surface Permeability ◽  
And Function ◽  
Wax Crystals ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Arabidopsis Cells

In Arabidopsis thaliana, LONG-CHAIN ACYL-COA SYNTHETASEs (LACSs) catalyze the synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoAs and function in diverse biological processes. We have recently revealed that LACS2 is primarily involved in the production of polyunsaturated linolenoyl-CoA, essential for the activation of ethylene response transcription factors-mediated hypoxia signaling. Here, we further reported the dual role of LACS2 in the regulation of submergence tolerance by modulating cuticle permeability in Arabidopsis cells. LACS2-overexpressors (LACS2-OEs) showed improved tolerance to submergence, with higher accumulation of cuticular wax and cutin in their rosettes. In contrast, knockout of LACS2 in the lacs2-3 mutant resulted in hypersensitivity to submergence with reduced wax crystals and thinner cutin layer. By analyses of plant surface permeability, we observed that the hypoxic sensitivities in the LACS2-OEs and lacs2-3 mutant were physiologically correlated with chlorophyll leaching, water loss rates, ionic leakage, and gas exchange. Thus, our findings suggest the role of LACS2 in plant response to submergence by modulating cuticle permeability in plant cells.

scholarly journals Evidence for an essential role of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase in animal cell proliferation

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (7) ◽  
pp. 4214-4219
Author(s):  
H Tomoda ◽  
K Igarashi ◽  
J C Cyong ◽  
S Omura
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals The common K333Q polymorphism in long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) reduces enzyme stability and function

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Beck ◽  
Yuxun Zhang ◽  
Sivakama S. Bharathi ◽  
Beata Kosmider ◽  
Karim Bahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Viperin catalyzes methionine oxidation to promote protein expression and function of helicases

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Bai ◽  
Jiazhen Dong ◽  
Zhenqiu Liu ◽  
Youliang Rao ◽  
Pinghui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Methionine Oxidation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Helicases play pivotal roles in fundamental biological processes, and posttranslational modifications regulate the localization, function, and stability of helicases. Here, we report that methionine oxidation of representative helicases, including DNA and RNA helicases of viral (ORF44 of KSHV) and cellular (MCM7 and RIG-I) origin, promotes their expression and functions. Cellular viperin, a major antiviral interferon-stimulated gene whose functions beyond host defense remain largely unknown, catalyzes the methionine oxidation of these helicases. Moreover, biochemical studies entailing loss-of-function mutations of helicases and a pharmacological inhibitor interfering with lipid metabolism and, hence, decreasing viperin activity indicate that methionine oxidation potently increases the stability and enzyme activity of these helicases that are critical for DNA replication and immune activation. Our work uncovers a pivotal role of viperin in catalyzing the methionine oxidation of helicases that are implicated in diverse fundamental biological processes.

Role of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 in formation of polyunsaturated lipid species in hepatic stellate cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1851 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maidina Tuohetahuntila ◽  
Bart Spee ◽  
Hedwig S. Kruitwagen ◽  
Richard Wubbolts ◽  
Jos F. Brouwers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals The Role of Phosphotyrosine Signaling Pathway in Parotid Gland Proliferation and Function

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Purushotham ◽  
M.G. Humphreys-Beher
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Phosphotyrosine Signaling ◽  
And Function ◽  
Active Proliferation

Tyrosine phosphorylation and the intracellular signaling processes associated with it have been the focus of intense study due to its importance in the regulation of biological processes as diverse as cell proliferation and cell differentiation. While much of what we now understand has been derived from the study of cell lines and tumor cells, the salivary glands provide a model to examine the effects of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases in a normal differentiated tissue. This review will focus, therefore, on the role tyrosine kinases and phosphatases play in inducing the transition from stasis to active proliferation and their potential role in mediating secretory function of the salivary glands.

scholarly journals Subunit composition of the mammalian serine-palmitoyltransferase defines the spectrum of straight and methyl-branched long-chain bases

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (27) ◽  
pp. 15591-15598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Museer A. Lone ◽  
Andreas J. Hülsmeier ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Gergely Karsai ◽  
Christoph Arenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Serine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Product Spectrum ◽  
Long Chain Base ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Chain

Sphingolipids (SLs) are chemically diverse lipids that have important structural and signaling functions within mammalian cells. SLs are commonly defined by the presence of a long-chain base (LCB) that is normally formed by the conjugation ofl-serine and palmitoyl-CoA. This pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent reaction is mediated by the enzyme serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT). However, SPT can also metabolize other acyl-CoAs, in the range of C14to C18, forming a variety of LCBs that differ by structure and function. Mammalian SPT consists of three core subunits: SPTLC1, SPTLC2, and SPTLC3. Whereas SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 are ubiquitously expressed, SPTLC3 expression is restricted to certain tissues only. The influence of the individual subunits on enzyme activity is not clear. Using cell models deficient in SPTLC1, SPTLC2, and SPTLC3, we investigated the role of each subunit on enzyme activity and the LCB product spectrum. We showed that SPTLC1 is essential for activity, whereas SPTLC2 and SPTLC3 are partly redundant but differ in their enzymatic properties. SPTLC1 in combination with SPTLC2 specifically formed C18, C19, and C20 LCBs while the combination of SPTLC1 and SPTLC3 yielded a broader product spectrum. We identifiedanteiso-branched-C18 SO (meC18SO) as the primary product of the SPTLC3 reaction. The meC18SO was synthesized fromanteiso-methyl-palmitate, in turn synthesized from a precursor metabolite generated in the isoleucine catabolic pathway. The meC18SO is metabolized to ceramides and complex SLs and is a constituent of human low- and high-density lipoproteins.

Dietary and Physiological Effects of Zinc on the Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Wessels ◽  
Henrike Josephine Fischer ◽  
Lothar Rink
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Broad Overview

Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes the role of zinc in fundamental biological processes and summarizes our current knowledge of zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into immune cell subtypes. In addition, the important role of zinc during activation and function of immune cells is detailed and associated with the specific immune responses to bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The association of zinc with autoimmune reactions and cancers as diseases with increased or decreased immune responses is also discussed. This article provides a broad overview of the manifold roles that zinc, or its deficiency, plays in physiology and during various diseases. Consequently, we discuss why zinc supplementation should be considered, especially for people at risk of deficiency. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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