scholarly journals Comparison of the Micromorphology and Ultrastructure of Pollen Grains of Selected Rubus idaeus L. Cultivars Grown in Commercial Plantation

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Kostryco ◽  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Renata Matraszek-Gawron
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Exine Sculpture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Aperture Position

The genus Rubus is one of the largest taxonomically diverse and complex genera in the family Rosaceae. Morphology of pollen grains (equatorial and polar axes length, shape and size, aperture position, exine sculpture, perforations) is regarded as one of its main diagnostic features for identification of species and varieties. An attempt was made to fill the gap concerning the pollen micromorphology and ultrastructure of R. idaeus L. using light, scanning, and electron transmission microscopy. This study is a comparative analysis of micromorphological and ultrastructural traits of pollen from six raspberry cultivars. The pollen grains were classified as small or medium of shape prolato-spheroids. The parallel striae in the equatorial view in the exine sculpture were sometimes branched dichotomously in ‘Glen Ample’, ‘Polka’, and ‘Polana’, arcuate in ‘Laszka’ and ‘Pokusa’, or irregularly overlapping in ‘Radziejowa’. The width of exine striae of biennial fruiting cultivars was much larger than in repeated fruiting cultivars. In terms of the increasing number of perforations per unit area of the exine surface, the cultivars were ranked as follows: ‘Pokusa’ < ‘Glen Ample’ < ‘Laszka’ < ‘Polka’ < ‘Polana’ < ‘Radziejowa’. The thickest tectum, the highest and thickest columellae with the largest distances between them, and the thicker foot layer were demonstrated in ‘Glen Ample’. The ectoexine constituted on average ca. 78–90% of the exine thickness. The findings may constitute auxiliary traits i.a. for identification of related taxa, interpretation of phylogenetic relationships, and pollination biology.

Evaluating the consistency and taxonomic importance of cheliped and other morphological characters that potentially allow identification of species of the genus Perisesarma De Man, 1895 (Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Shahdadi ◽  
Christoph D. Schubart
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Gastric Mill ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
De Man ◽  
Key Characters

Recent studies suggest that the family Sesarmidae represents a monophyletic taxon, but within-family taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships need to be resolved. One of the most speciose and taxonomically complex genera of this family isPerisesarma. Only a few characters allow to discriminate between species of this genus. Among them, the number and shape of male dactylar tubercles and number of teeth of the pectinated crests are the main diagnostic features. A review of these key characters indicates some intraspecific variability which sometimes renders identification difficult. The present study shows that male dactylar tubercles and pectinated crests are in principle good diagnostic characters at species level in the genusPerisesarma, but in several cases show some overlap among species, due to intraspecific variability. New morphological characters should be considered, but in this study we show that the morphology of gonopods and the gastric mill are not informative enough for identification.

Ultrastructure of Melanin Formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera Sorokiniana

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
M. H. Wheeler ◽  
W. J. Tolmsoff ◽  
A. A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potassium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Melanin Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

(+)-Scytalone [3,4-dihydro-3,6,8-trihydroxy-l-(2Hj-naphthalenone] and 1,8-di- hydroxynaphthalene (DHN) have been proposed as intermediates of melanin synthesis in the fungi Verticillium dahliae (1, 2, 3, 4) and Thielaviopsis basicola (4, 5). Scytalone is enzymatically dehydrated by V. dahliae to 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene which is then reduced to (-)-vermelone [(-)-3,4- dihydro-3,8-dihydroxy-1(2H)-naphthalenone]. Vermelone is subsequently dehydrated to DHN which is enzymatically polymerized to melanin.Melanin formation in Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., and Drechslera soro- kiniana was examined by light and electron-transmission microscopy. Wild-type isolates of each fungus were compared with albino mutants before and after treatment with 1 mM scytalone or 0.1 mM DHN in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Both chemicals were converted to dark pigments in the walls of hyphae and conidia of the albino mutants. The darkened cells were similar in appearance to corresponding cells of the wild types under the light microscope.

Forestry control in the Brazilian Amazon II: charcoal anatomy of 21 species

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Marcelo Mendes Braga Júnior ◽  
Fernanda Ilkiu Borges de Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo de Lima Melo
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Market Control ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Perforation Plates

Abstract The production of illegal charcoal, associated with other local human practices, is responsible for the degradation of native forests, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The need for market control and charcoal production is accompanied by the lack of comparative charcoal materials from the Amazon. Here, we describe charcoal samples of 21 Brazilian species and provide SEM images that can facilitate the charcoal identification. It is possible to distinguish the species on the basis of anatomy. Features such as vessel groupings, vessel–ray pitting, perforation plates, axial parenchyma, ray cellular composition, storied structure and secretory elements were chosen as primary diagnostic features for the identification of species. We highlight vessel groupings, axial parenchyma type and in some cases even perforation plates, which were easily observed in low magnification SEM images and can assist in the supervision by government agents. From our descriptions, evaluations and photomicrographs, it will be possible to compare charcoal from commercial species from the Amazon.

Comparative morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, and palynological studies on the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 372 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽  
MUSTAFA ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Fruit Surface

In the present study, morphological, micromorphological, palynological and anatomical characteristics of the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium are reviewed and compared. The genus Opopanax is distributed in southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, and it is represented by three species in Turkey. Crenosciadium is a poorly known monotypic genus from Turkey, recently treated as synonym in Opopanax. Expanded descriptions, phenology, geographic distributions, and images of habitus of Opopanax and Crenosciadium are given. The differences between the two genera are discussed. The pollen morphology of Opopanax and Crenosciadium is studied by SEM and LM. The palynological results confirmed the stenopalynous characteristic of the family Apiaceae, and revealed that the pollen grains of both genera are perprolate in shape. Also fruit surface ornamentation of both genera is typically striate, and epidermal cells are polygonal or elongated in one direction. Cross-sections of mature fruits are examined and a detailed anatomical description is presented. Mericarp shape and width are very useful characters for discrimination between Opopanax and Crenosciadium; mericarp ribs are also very significant characteristics to discriminate both genera. Our findings, together with previous molecular data, clearly indicate that Crenosciadium differs considerably from Opopanax, and therefore it should be accepted at genus rank.

scholarly journals Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebadi-Nahari Mostafa ◽  
Nikzat-Siahkolaee Sedigheh ◽  
Eftekharian Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Taxon

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Pollen, Tapetum, and Orbicule Development inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americana(Rhamnaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gotelli ◽  
B. Galati ◽  
D. Medan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Grain Formation

Tapetum, orbicule, and pollen grain ontogeny inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americanawere studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells and related to orbicule and pollen grain formation are described. The proorbicules have the appearance of lipid globule, and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). This is the first report on the presence of orbicules in the family Rhamnaceae. Pollen grains are shed at the bicellular stage.

Virola dominicana sp. nov. (Myristicaceae) from Dominican amber

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Poinar ◽  
Royce Steeves
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Pollen ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Staminal Column

The Myristicaceae is a member of the early diverging angiosperm order Magnoliales; however, the family is poorly represented by fossil collections. We describe Virola dominicana sp. nov. (Myristicaceae), the first record of fossilized Myristicaceae flowers, from mid-Tertiary (45–15 million years ago) Dominican amber. The description is based on 24 male flowers in 17 pieces of amber, thus providing some indication of intraspecific variation, including a two-tepaled flower. Diagnostic characters of the new species are the long-simple or few-branched trichomes on the perianth margins, the small pollen grains, and a short staminal column. These fossils also show co-occurring insects, some of which could be Virola pollinators. It is speculated that V. dominicana disappeared from Hispaniola during the Pliocene–Pleistocene cooling events leaving no native members of the Myristicaceae in this region today. Additionally, these fossils demonstrate that Myristicaceae was present in the Western Hemisphere during the mid-Tertiary.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of the Polish species of the genus Ribes L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Grain Diameter

This paper presents results of studies on pollen morphology of 6 Polish species of the genus Ribes L. (family Grossulariaceae). Observations were carried out with LM and SEM. Pollen diagnoses were illustrated by series of microphotographs. Grains of examined species are small to medium-sized and prolate spheroidal or subprolate in shape, rarely prolate. They represent three pollen classes: zonocolporate, pantoaperturate and pantoporate. Three types of ectoapertures have been observed: colpi, pori and colpoids. Endoapertures are pori, in number (4-) 6-7-8 (-14) per grain. Ornamentation is psilate or fossulate, with the exception of the ectoaperture areas, which are granulate. According to the author, the polarity or apolarity, type of pollen class and ectoaperture, number of endopori and ratio of exine thickness to grain diameter are the main diagnostic features of the pollen grains of the native species of Ribes. The key to Polish species, basing on the morphological characters of grains is given too.

scholarly journals Embriología de Pachycereus militaris (Audot) Hunt (Cactaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Citlali Núñez-Mariel ◽  
E. Mark Engleman ◽  
Judith Márquez-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Megaspore

This is a contribution to the embryology of cacti and to the definition of their reproductory structures. The development of anthers, ovules and seeds of Pachycereus militaris is described. The type of development of the anther wall is monocotyledonous. This may have taxonomic importance above the family level. The endothecium is formed by a single stratum and the pollen grains are tricolpate, spinulate and punctitegilate. A lineal triad of megaspores was observed. The functional megaspore is the chalazal one. It is proposed that the term campylotropous should be uti lized for describing the ovule type, while the term circinotropous should be reserved for the funicle. In contrast to the stated by other authors, this study suggests that the seeds of Pachycereus militaris should be considered as non-albuminous and non-perispermous.

scholarly journals Broncho-alveolar inflammation in COVID-19 patients: a correlation with clinical outcome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
laura pandolfi ◽  
Fossali Tommaso ◽  
Frangipane Vanessa ◽  
Bozzini Sara ◽  
Morosini Monica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Electron Transmission Microscopy

Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly reached pandemic proportions. Given that the main target of SARS-CoV-2 are lungs leading to severe pneumonia with hyperactivation of the inflammatory cascade, we conducted a prospective study to assess alveolar inflammatory status in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Methods: Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 33 adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time PCR on nasopharyngeal swab admitted to the Intensive care unit (ICU) (n=28) and to the Intermediate Medicine Ward (IMW) (n=5). We analyze the differential cell count, ultrastructure of cells and Interleukin(IL)6, 8 and 10 levels.Results: ICU patients showed a marked increase in neutrophils (1.24 x 105 ml-1 , 0.85-2.07), lower lymphocyte (0.97 x 105 ml-1, 0.024-0.34) and macrophages fractions (0.43 x 105 ml-1, 0.34-1.62) compared to IMW patients (0.095 x 105 ml-1, 0.05-0.73; 0.47 x 105 ml-1, 0.28-1.01 and 2.14 x 105 ml-1, 1.17-3.01, respectively) (p<0.01). Study of ICU patients BAL by electron transmission microscopy showed viral particles inside mononuclear cells confirmed by immunostaining with anti-viral capsid and spike antibodies. IL6 and IL8 were significantly higher in ICU patients than in IMW (IL6 p<0.01, IL8 p<0.0001), and also in patients who did not survive (IL6 p < 0.05, IL8 p = 0.05 vs. survivors). IL10 did not show a significant variation between groups. Dividing patients by treatment received, lower BAL concentrations of IL6 were found in patients treated with steroids as compared to those treated with tocilizumab (p<0.1) or antivirals (p<0.05). Conclusions: Alveolitis, associated with COVID-19, is mainly sustained by innate effectors which showed features of extensive activation. The burden of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8 in the broncho-alveolar environment is associated with clinical outcome.

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