scholarly journals Fabrication and Properties of Hybrid Coffee-Cellulose Aerogels from Spent Coffee Grounds

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwen Zhang ◽  
Li Ping Kwek ◽  
Duyen K. Le ◽  
Men Shu Tan ◽  
Hai Minh Duong
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Hybrid Aerogels

A fully biodegradable hybrid coffee-cotton aerogel has been successfully developed from spent coffee grounds, 100% cotton fiber and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) flakes via environmental friendly processes. The cotton fibers in coffee aerogel help to maintain the structure and improve the overall properties of the new hybrid coffee-cotton aerogel. The results show that increasing the concentration of fibers, while keeping the concentration of spent coffee grounds constant, the sinking of coffee ground particles in solution and shrinking effect on the aerogels are minimized and the overall mechanical and oil absorption properties are improved. The developed hybrid aerogels possess high porosity of 92–95% and super-hydrophobicity with an average water contact angle of 139°. Oil absorption capacity achieves 16 g/g with 0.50 wt.% of cotton fibers inside the coffee aerogel. Their thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.037–0.045 W/mK and compressive Young’s modulus achieves highest at 15.6 kPa. The properties of the hybrid aerogel indicate it as a potential material in several applications such as thermal insulation, oil absorption and filtration.

scholarly journals Highly efficient reusable superhydrophobic sponge prepared by a facile, simple and cost effective biomimetic bonding method for oil absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qinyao Xu ◽  
Miaomiao Cai ◽  
Qian Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Bonding Method

AbstractSuperhydrophobic sponges have considerable potential for oil/water separation. Most of the methods used for superhydrophobic modification of sponges require toxic or harmful solvents, which have the drawbacks of hazardous to environment, expensive, and complex to utilize. Moreover, the hydrophobic layer on the surface of sponge is often easily destroyed. In this paper, a highly efficient superhydrophobic sponge with excellent reusability was developed by using a facile, simple and environmentally friendly dopamine biomimetic bonding method. Different types of sponges, such as melamine, polyethylene or polyurethane sponge wastes, were used as raw materials to prepare superhydrophobic sponges, which possess the advantages of inexpensive and abundant. The effects of different dopamine polymerization time and different hydrophobic agent dosage on the hydrophobicity and oil absorption capacity of melamine sponges were optimized. The study results showed that the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic sponge could reach 153° with excellent organic solvent absorption capacity of 165.9 g/g. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic sponge retained approximately 92.1% of its initial absorption capacity after 35 reutilization cycles. More importantly, the dopamine biomimetic bonding superhydrophobic modification method can be used for different types of sponges. Therefore, a universally applicable, facile, simple and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic modification method for sponges was developed.

scholarly journals Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4667
Author(s):  
Sunyong Park ◽  
Hui-Rim Jeong ◽  
Yun-A Shin ◽  
Seok-Jun Kim ◽  
Young-Min Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
By Products

Agricultural by-products have several disadvantages as fuel, such as low calorific values and high ash contents. To address these disadvantages, this study examined the mixing of agricultural by-products and spent coffee grounds, for use as a solid fuel, and the improvement of fuel characteristics through torrefaction. Pepper stems and spent coffee grounds were first dried to moisture contents of <15% and then combined, with mixing ratios varying from 9:1 to 6:4. Fuel pellets were produced from these mixtures using a commercial pelletiser, evaluated against various standards, and classified as grade A, B, or Bio-SRF. The optimal ratio of pepper stems to spent coffee grounds was determined to be 8:2. The pellets were torrefied to improve their fuel characteristics. Different torrefaction temperatures improved the mass yields of the pellets to between 50.87% and 88.27%. The calorific value increased from 19.9% to 26.8% at 290 °C. The optimal torrefaction temperature for coffee ground pellets was 230 °C, while for other pellets, it was 250 °C. This study provides basic information on the potential enhancement of agricultural by-products for fuel applications.

3D printing of spent coffee ground derived biochar reinforced epoxy composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110022
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alhelal ◽  
Zaheeruddin Mohammed ◽  
Shaik Jeelani ◽  
Vijaya K Rangari
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
3D Printed

Semi-crystalline carbon biochar is derived from spent coffee grounds (SCG) by a controlled pyrolysis process at high temperature/pressure conditions. Obtained biochar is characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. Biochar particles are in the micrometer range with nanostructured morphologies. The SCG biochar thus produced is used as reinforcement in epoxy resin to 3 D print samples using the direct-write (DW) method with 1 and 3 wt. % loadings. Rheology results show that the addition of biochar makes resin viscous, enabling it to be stable soon after print; however, it could also lead to clogging of resin in printer head. The printed samples are characterized for chemical, thermal and mechanical properties using FTIR, TGA, DMA and flexure tests. Storage modulus improved with 1 wt. % biochar addition up to 27.5% and flexural modulus and strength increased up to 55.55% and 43.30% respectively. However, with higher loading of 3 wt. % both viscoelastic and flexural properties of 3D printed samples drastically reduced thus undermining the feasibility of 3D printing biochar reinforced epoxies at higher loadings.

Superior CO2 adsorption from waste coffee ground derived carbons

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 29558-29562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Travis ◽  
Srinivas Gadipelli ◽  
Zhengxiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Microporous Carbons ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground

Utilising waste from spent coffee grounds KOH activated highly microporous carbons with surface areas of 2785 m2 g−1 and micropore volumes of 0.793 cm3 g−1 were synthesised that are capable of uptake capacities near 3 mmol g−1 at 50 °C and 1 bar.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Ceramic Foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Nur Syazana Suparman ◽  
Khadijah Ahmad Alwi ◽  
Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Ceramic Foam ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Foam Ceramic ◽  
Replication Method

Ceramic foam are a class of high porosity materials that are used for various applications. In this study, foam ceramic porcelain powder was produced by using polymeric sponge replication method at different solid content ranging from 30 to 50 wt. %. Properties of ceramic foam was characterized for porosity and density. Ceramic foam then grafted with methyltriethoxysilane (MTMS) at different concentration ranging from 0 to 9.0% v/v to determine hydrophobic effect and oil absorption capacity. From the results, it was found that the density of ceramic foam increased while porosity was decreased with increasing solid contents. It is clearly seen that, MTMS grafting contribute to hydrophobic effect of ceramic foam which enable repelling of water. The amount of oil absorbed by ceramic was found increased by increasing concentration of MTMS for all solid contents. As conclusion, MTMS give significant effects on hyrdophobic ceramic foam and produce good absorption capacity. The lower solid content produced better oil absorption compared to higher solid content due to presence of higher porosity.

scholarly journals Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Copper- Foam and Electrospinning Polystyrene Fiber for Combinational Oil–Water Separation

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Jing-Hua Yang ◽  
Ling-Li Li ◽  
Cheng-Xing Cui ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Lone Pair ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Sliding Angle ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Copper Foam ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Membrane-based metal substrates with special surface wettability have been applied widely for oil/water separation. In this work, a series of copper foams with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity were chemically etched using 10 mg mL−1 FeCl3/HCl solution with consequent ultrasonication, followed by the subsequent modification of four sulfhydryl compounds. A water contact angle of 158° and a sliding angle lower than 5° were achieved for the copper foam modified using 10 mM n-octadecanethiol solution in ethanol. In addition, the interaction mechanism was initially investigated, indicating the coordination between copper atoms with vacant orbital and sulfur atoms with lone pair electrons. In addition, the polymeric fibers were electrospun through the dissolution of polystyrene in a good solvent of chlorobenzene, and a nonsolvent of dimethyl sulfoxide. Oil absorption and collection over the water surface were carried out by the miniature boat made out of copper foam, a string bag of as-spun PS fibers with high oil absorption capacity, or the porous boat embedded with the as-spun fibers, respectively. The findings might provide a simple and practical combinational method for the solution of oil spill.

scholarly journals Ultra-Porous Nanocellulose Foams: A Facile and Scalable Fabrication Approach

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Antonini ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Tanja Zimmermann ◽  
Abderrahmane Kherbeche ◽  
Marie-Jean Thoraval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Environmental Pressures

Cellulose nanofibril foams are cellulose-based porous materials with outstanding mechanical properties, resulting from the high strength-to-weight ratio of nanofibrils. Here we report the development of an optimized fabrication process for highly porous cellulose foams, based on a well-controlled freeze-thawing-drying (FTD) process at ambient pressure. This process enables the fabrication of foams with ultra-high porosity, up to 99.4%, density of 10 mg/cm3, and liquid (such as oil) absorption capacity of 100 L/kg. The proposed approach is based on the ice-templating of nanocellulose suspension in water, followed by thawing in ethanol and drying at environmental pressures. As such, the proposed fabrication route overcomes one of the major bottle-necks of the classical freeze-drying approach, by eliminating the energy-demanding vacuum drying step required to avoid wet foam collapse upon drying. As a result, the process is simple, environmentally friendly, and easily scalable. Details of the foam development fabrication process and functionalization are thoroughly discussed, highlighting the main parameters affecting the process, e.g., the concentration of nanocellulose and additives used to control the ice nucleation. The foams are also characterized by mechanical tests and oil absorption measurements, which are used to assess the foam absorption capability as well as the foam porosity. Compound water-in-oil drop impact experiments are used to demonstrate the potential of immiscible liquid separation using cellulose foams.

scholarly journals Evaluation of spent coffee grounds application in organic fertilizers industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dovilė Ragauskaitė ◽  
Rasa Šlinkšienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Solution ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Total Mass Loss ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Dsc Curves

The main purpose of this thesis was to determine chemical and physical properties of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and evaluate their application in organic fertilizers industry. During the experiment, some physical properties, like particle size distribution and pH level of spent coffee grounds solutions of different concentration, were determined. Two different methods have been chosen to determine carbon content in coffee grounds. Also, several instrumental analysis methods have been used to analyse coffee grounds. The results show that spent grounds are not very acidic, values of 10% solution vary between 5.2–5.8. The concentration of organic carbon is quite high and varies between 4.75–5.74%. The TGA and DSC curves show three-stage decomposition. Above 400℃ spent coffee grounds fully decompose. The total mass loss of SCG varies between 97–98%. Functional groups (such as O–H, C=O) were determined by using FTIR spectroscopy. It is clear from XRD that spent coffee grounds are amorphous material. The SEM results show that particles of coffee grounds have high porosity. A drum granulator was used to make granular fertilizers by using water and phosphoric acid solution, but no pellet was obtained without an additional binder.

scholarly journals Liberation of Protein and Antioxidative Compound from Spent Coffee Ground Through Protein Hydrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Noor Ariefandie Febrianto
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Soluble Coffee ◽  
Antioxidative Compound

Spent coffee ground is a primary by-product obtained during soluble coffee processing and potential to be used as a high value product due to its proteincontent. The quite popular effort to utilize protein-contained material is to process it to hydrolysate which also possess antioxidant activity. This research was aimed to study the possibility of protein and antioxidative compound from spent coffee ground by means of enzymatic hydrolysis using crude papain enzymes. Crude papain was used in different concentration ranged from 2, 4 and 6% to incubate the spent coffee grounds for 2, 3, and 4 hours and then analyzed for its protein content and its antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology was employed to study the tendency of the effect of incubation time and enzymesconcentration towards hydrolysis results. The result showed that the use of crude papain was effective to liberate the protein and antioxidant compound from the spent coffee ground with its optimum condition utilized 6% of enzyme and 2 hours incubation time. At mentioned condition, it could extract up to 67.4% ofthe protein of the spent coffee ground and its hydrolysate possessed relatively high antioxidant activity.  

Preparation and properties of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee ground extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunmi Koh ◽  
Kyung Hwa Hong
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Solid Liquid

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are solid residues generated from coffee brewing and are mostly discarded as waste. However, SCGs are drawing much attention because they have many health-promoting compounds that exhibit anti-tumor, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and other activities. Therefore, we tried to use SCGs for fabric dyeing to apply functional and coloring effects to the fabrics. SCGs were extracted by a conventional solid–liquid method, and the extract was applied to wool fabrics through a laboratory infrared dyeing machine. It was found that the extract contained a significant number of bioactive components, such as tannins (ca. 0.61 mg/mL); caffeine (ca. 0.38 mg/mL); and phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid (ca. 0.21 mg/mL). The wool fabrics dyed with the SCG extract exhibited promising coloring effects, displaying deep-brown hues. In addition, the colorfastness to washing and light were superior to that of fabrics dyed with other natural pigments. In particular, the wool fabrics dyed with the SCG extract showed excellent antioxidant ability (≤86%) and high levels of ultraviolet blocking (≥98%).

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