scholarly journals Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Mirko Kariž ◽  
Daša Krapež Tomec ◽  
Sebastian Dahle ◽  
Manja Kitek Kuzman ◽  
Milan Šernek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important for manufacturing end products, not just prototyping. However, the size of 3D-printed products is limited due to available printer sizes and other technological limitations. For example, making furniture from 3D-printed parts and wooden elements requires adequate adhesive joints. Since materials for 3D printing usually do not bond very well with adhesives designed for woodworking, they require special surface preparation to improve adhesion. In this study, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed parts made of polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid with wood flour additive (Wood-PLA), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers were bonded to wood with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive. The surfaces of the samples were bonded as either non-treated, sanded, plasma treated, or sanded and plasma treated to evaluate the effect of each surface preparation on the bondability of the 3D-printed surfaces. Different surface preparations affected the bond shear strength in different ways. The plasma treatment significantly reduced water contact angles on all tested printing materials and increased the bond tensile shear strength of the adhesive used. The increase in bond strength was highest for the surfaces that had been both sanded and plasma treated. The highest increase was found for the ABS material (untreated 0.05 MPa; sanded and plasma treated 4.83 MPa) followed by Wood-PLA (from 0.45 MPa to 3.96 MPa) and PLA (from 0.55 MPa to 3.72 MPa). Analysis with a scanning electron microscope showed the smooth surfaces of the 3D-printed parts, which became rougher with sanding with more protruded particles, but plasma treatment partially melted the surface structures on the thermoplastic polymer surfaces.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Pulkin Gupta ◽  
Sudha Kumari ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Ankit Kumar Sinha ◽  
Prashant Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % ( ε ) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.

scholarly journals Effect of Perforation Volume on Acoustic Absorption of the 3D Printed Micro-Perforated Panels made of Polylactic Acid reinforced with Wood Fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2120 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
V Sekar ◽  
S Y Eh Noum ◽  
S Sivanesan ◽  
A Putra ◽  
Dg H Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Acoustic Absorption ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Impedance Tube Method

Abstract In recent times, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been applied rapidly in almost all fields. This study was conducted to apply the additive manufacturing into an acoustic application by 3D printing the Micro-Perforated Panels (MPP) through Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) made of Polylactic Acid (PLA) reinforced with wood fibers. MPP were fabricated by altering its perforation volume. Later, the effect of perforation volume on acoustic absorption of the fabricated MPP was measured using the two-microphone impedance tube method as per ISO 10534-2 standard. The result shows altering the perforation volume affects the acoustic absorption of the MPP. MPP with a thickness of 2 mm and a perforation diameter of 0.2 mm shows the maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.93 at 2173 Hz. It is made possible to absorb the 3D printed MPP made of natural fiber reinforced composite at different spectrums by altering the perforation volume.

Analysis of the influence of polylactic acid (PLA) colour on FDM 3D printing temperature and part finishing

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Breda Soares ◽  
João Finamor ◽  
Fabio Pinto Silva ◽  
Liane Roldo ◽  
Luis Henrique Cândido
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the effect of different polylactic acid (PLA) colours used on fused deposition modelling (FDM), considering the product finishing quality produced with the same process conditions. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted was to design a virtual modelling object and three-dimensional (3D) print it with FDM with different PLA colours (natural, green and black), using the same parameters. 3D scanning and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyse the model finishing of each sample. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to characterize the material and verify if the colour affected its thermal behaviour. Findings Findings showed that different PLA colours lead to distinct 3D printed finishings under the same process conditions. Thermal analysis showed a reason for the printing finishing difference. The degradation temperatures and the glass temperatures vary depending on the PLA colour. This affects the FDM working temperature. Originality/value This study will contribute to improving the finishing quality of 3D printed products by collaborating to the determination of its process conditions.

Investigations for tensile, compressive and morphological properties of 3D printed functional prototypes of PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Gurchetan Singh ◽  
Jaskaran Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ether Ketone

This article reports the experimental investigations for tensile, compressive and morphological properties of 3D printed functional prototypes composed of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK), hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan (CS). The PLA-PEKK-HAp-CS composite has wide applications as scaffolds in orthopaedics and clinical dentistry. The tensile and compressive specimens were printed (as per ASTM D638 type IV and ASTM D695) with in-house prepared feedstock filament on commercial fused deposition modelling setup by following Taguchi-based design of experiment. The results are also supported by hardness data and photomicrographs.

scholarly journals Interlayer Adhesion Analysis of 3D-Printed Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Tomas Kuncius ◽  
Marius Rimašauskas ◽  
Rūta Rimašauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Shear Area

Carbon fibre-reinforced materials are becoming more and more popular in various fields of industries because of their lightweight and perfect mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing technologies can be used for the production of complex parts from various materials including composites. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an excellent technology for the production of composite structures reinforced with short or continuous carbon fibre. In this study, modified FDM technology was used for the production of composites reinforced with continuous carbon fibre. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the shear strength of 3D-printed composite structures. The influence of printing layer height and line width on shear strength was analysed. Results showed that layer height has a significant influence on shear strength, while the influence of printing line width on shear strength is slightly smaller. Reduction of layer height from 0.4 mm to 0.3 mm allows increasing shear strength by about 40 percent. Moreover, the influence of the shear area and overlap length on shear force showed linear dependency, in which the shear area is increasing the shear force increasing proportionally. Finally, the results obtained can be used for the design and development of new 3D-printed composite structures.

Effect of infill value on decay resistance, thermal, and mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid composites filled with wood fibers

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6724-6734
Author(s):  
Yufeng Sun ◽  
Danbee Lee ◽  
Yapeng Wang ◽  
Suiliang Li ◽  
Jilai Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Polylactic acid (PLA)-based composites with wood filler were 3D-printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) at different infill settings (i.e., 10 to 100%) to evaluate their strength and biodegradation properties. Microvoids were present in the commercial wood-filled PLA filaments. Wood-PLA filament had reduced thermal stability compared with mineral-filled PLA filament due to the presence of thermally degradable wood flour. The printed composites had a denser internal structure with increased infill. The flexural modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture also increased with infill value. Sixteen-week fungi test performed using a brown rot, Postia placenta, and a white rot, Irpex lacteus, did not lead to significant sample weight loss and strength reduction for composites at various infill values. Therefore, 3D printed composites with PLA-based filament containing 30 wt.% wood fiber were shown to be resistant to biodegradation by common decay fungi.

scholarly journals Influence of the Infill Geometry of 3D-Printed Tablets on Drug Dissolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nuno Venâncio ◽  
Gabriela G. Pereira ◽  
João F. Pinto ◽  
Ana I. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Patient Centric

Patient-centric therapy is especially important in pediatrics and may be attained by three-dimensional printing. Filaments containing 30% w/w of theophylline were produced by hot-melt extrusion and printed using fused deposition modelling to produce tablets. Here, preliminary results evaluating the effect of infill geometry (cross, star, grid) on drug content and release are reported.

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