scholarly journals Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between Vitis Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Xiangjing Yin ◽  
Haoyu Jiang ◽  
Jeanett Hansen ◽  
Bodil Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Wild Grapevine

The cell wall acts as one of the first barriers of the plant against various biotic stressors. Previous studies have shown that alterations in wall polysaccharides may influence crop disease resistance. In the grapevine family, several native species (e.g., Chinese wild grapevine) show a naturally higher resistance to microbial pathogens than cultivated species (e.g., Vitis vinifera), and this trait could be inherited through breeding. Despite the importance of the cell wall in plant immunity, there are currently no comprehensive cell wall profiles of grapevine leaves displaying differing resistance phenotypes, due to the complex nature of the cell wall and the limitations of analytical techniques available. In this study, the cutting-edge comprehensive carbohydrate microarray technology was applied to profile uninfected leaves of the susceptible cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. “Cabernet Sauvignon”), a resistant cultivar (Vitis amurensis cv. “Shuanghong”) and a hybrid offspring cross displaying moderate resistance. The microarray approach uses monoclonal antibodies, which recognize polysaccharides epitopes, and found that epitope abundances of highly esterified homogalacturonan (HG), xyloglucan (with XXXG motif), (galacto)(gluco)mannan and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) appeared to be positively correlated with the high resistance of Vitis amurensis cv. “Shuanghong” to mildew. The quantification work by gas chromatography did not reveal any significant differences for the monosaccharide constituents, suggesting that polysaccharide structural alterations may contribute more crucially to the resistance observed; this is again supported by the contact infrared spectroscopy of cell wall residues, revealing chemical functional group changes (e.g., esterification of pectin). The identification of certain wall polysaccharides that showed alterations could be further correlated with resistance to mildew. Data from the use of the hybrid material in this study have preliminarily suggested that these traits could be inherited and may be applied as potential structural biomarkers in future breeding work.

scholarly journals Chemistry and Reactivity of Tannins in Vitis spp.: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude A. Watrelot ◽  
Erin L. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Different Levels

Tannins are a group of polyphenols found in fruits, leaves, trees, etc., well known in the leather industry and in apples, persimmons and grapes, because of their capacity to interact with other polyphenols or other components either from the food product or from saliva. Prior to being able to interact with other compounds, tannins have to be extracted from the food matrix, which depends on their chemistry, as well as the chemical structure of other components, such as cell wall material and proteins. Vitis vinifera grapes are commonly grown around the world and are used in winemaking, providing good quality wines with different levels of tannins responsible for the final wine’s astringency. Many studies have focused on tannins extractability and retention with cell wall material, and the reactivity of tannins with proteins in Vitis vinifera grapes and wine, but there are very few reports for other Vitis species. However, depending on the environmental characteristics of certain regions, Vitis hybrid grapes are grown and used to produce wines more and more. This review focuses on the comparison of the chemistry of tannins, and their reactivity with other macromolecules in Vitis species.

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors of Stilbenes Production in Vitis vinifera L. Cell Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Martin Sák ◽  
Ivana Dokupilová ◽  
Šarlota Kaňuková ◽  
Michaela Mrkvová ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Abiotic Elicitors ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures ◽  
Red Grape

The in vitro cell cultures derived from the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) have been used for the production of stilbenes treated with different biotic and abiotic elicitors. The red-grape cultivar Váh has been elicited by natural cellulose from Trichoderma viride, the cell wall homogenate from Fusarium oxysporum and synthetic jasmonates. The sodium-orthovanadate, known as an inhibitor of hypersensitive necrotic response in treated plant cells able to enhance production and release of secondary metabolite into the cultivation medium, was used as an abiotic elicitor. Growth of cells and the content of phenolic compounds trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, δ-viniferin, and ɛ-viniferin, were analyzed in grapevine cells treated by individual elicitors. The highest accumulation of analyzed individual stilbenes, except of trans-piceid has been observed after treatment with the cell wall homogenate from F. oxysporum. Maximum production of trans-resveratrol, δ- and ɛ-viniferins was triggered by treatment with cellulase from T. viride. The accumulation of trans-piceid in cell cultures elicited by this cellulase revealed exactly the opposite effect, with almost three times higher production of trans-resveratrol than that of trans-piceid. This study suggested that both used fungal elicitors can enhance production more effectively than commonly used jasmonates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding potential of wild grape originating from Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
K. Margaryan ◽  
E. Maul ◽  
Z. Muradyan ◽  
A. Hovhannisyan ◽  
G. Melyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Breeding Potential ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Future

Crop wild relatives provide a useful source of genetic variation and represent a large pool of genetic diversity for new allelic variation required in breeding programs. Armenia is an important center of origin both for cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa and wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris. Owing to recent prospection in Armenian woods and river floodplains many forms of wild grapevine were discovered and inventoried, which is an important prerequisite to unlock their breeding potential in the future. The fact that some genotypes of V. sylvestris can withstand the diseases is likely to be due to a more efficient basal immunity. The overall goal of the proposed research was to characterize the diversity of V. sylvestris from Armenia with respect to its capacity for stilbene biosynthesis, which might be exploited as genetic resource for resistance breeding. The realized research stimulates the recovery, characterization and preservation of wild grape germplasm, presently at risk of extinction. The recovery and characterization of wild genotypes will be the base of selection of genetic traits important in breeding programs for the generation of biotic and changing climate tolerant grapevine varieties and rootstocks, both necessary for the future of viticulture in Armenia and in Europe.

scholarly journals The Cell Wall-Derived Xyloglucan Is a New DAMP Triggering Plant Immunity in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Claverie ◽  
Suzanne Balacey ◽  
Christelle Lemaître-Guillier ◽  
Daphnée Brulé ◽  
Annick Chiltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Plant Immunity

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Wild Grapevine Populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) Grown Along the Danube River

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen F. POPESCU ◽  
Liviu C. DEJEU ◽  
Rafael R. OCETE
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Moment

The individuals belonging to three different groups of wild grapevines populations Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi harvested along, or near the Danube River, were described by means of usual ampelographic methods. The twenty standardized descriptors used for morphological analysis revealed obvious differentiation among analyzed populations. Out of 65 individuals, a half produced flowers with separate sex and a high proportion of them were males (70%). Pollen measurements on light microscope provided information on differences in pollen size among inside wild grapevine populations of V. sylvestris with the polar length varying between 15.3 and 23 μm and the equatorial length between 15.5 and 24.4μm. The in vitro regenerative potential from meristematic tissue tested with each phenotype showed that the moment of differentiation, the aspect of proliferative structures and the rate of multiplication varied inside these wild grapevine populations, without any correlation with the location of harvesting. Our results provided valuable information about these Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris populations, possible to be used as starting plant material for research in general and further breeding of cultivars and grapevine rootstocks.

Elemental proxy evidence for late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental change in southern African sedimentary records: interpretation and applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cape Coast

Abstract Sediments are the most important source of Late Quaternary palaeoclimate information in southern Africa, but have been little studied from a geochemical perspective. However, recent advances in analytical techniques that allow rapid and near-continuous elemental records to be obtained from sedimentary sequences has resulted in the increasing use of elemental indicators for reconstructing climate. This paper explores the diverse information that can be acquired from the inorganic component of sediments and reviews some of the progress that has been made over the last two decades in interpreting the climatic history of southern Africa using elemental records. Despite the general scarcity of elemental records, excellent examples from the region exist, which provide some of the longest and most highly resolved sequences of environmental change currently available. Records from Tswaing crater and marine deposits on the southern KwaZulu-Natal coastline have provided rare glimpses into hydroclimate variability over the last 200 000 years, suggesting that summer rainfall in the region responded predominantly to insolation forcing on glacial-interglacial timescales. Over shorter timescales, lakes and wetlands found in the Wilderness embayment on the southern Cape coast and along the Maputaland coast in north-eastern South Africa have yielded highly-resolved elemental records of Holocene environmental change, providing insight into the changing interactions between tropical (e.g., El Niño-Southern Oscillation) and temperate (e.g., mid-latitude westerlies) climate systems affecting rainfall variability in the region. The examples discussed demonstrate the multiple environmental processes that can be inferred from elemental proxies and the unique insight this can provide in advancing our understanding of past climate change on different timescales. The interpretation of geochemical data can be complicated by the complex nature of sedimentary environments, various proxy assumptions and analytical challenges, and the reliability of sediment-based climate reconstructions is substantially enhanced through multi-proxy approaches.

scholarly journals Paleorecords of Domesticated and Wild Grapevine in Romania: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-233
Author(s):  
Casandra Brașoveanu ◽  
George Bodi ◽  
Mihaela Danu
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
La Tène ◽  
La Tene ◽  
Vitis Sylvestris ◽  
Deliberate Effort

AbstractThis paper reviews the, so far available, paleorecords of Vitis sylvestris C.C. Gmel and Vitis vinifera L. from Romania. The study takes into consideration the presence of Vitis pollen from Holocene peat sediment sequences and archaeological context, but also the presence of macrorests from various archaeological sites that date from Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, and La Tène. Both paleobotanical arguments and archaeological discoveries support the theory that places the beggining of viticulture in Romania a few millenia ago, in Neolithic period. Also, written evidences (works of classical authors, epigraphical sources) confirm, indirectly, the presence of grapevine in La Tène period. Occurrences of Vitis vinifera and those of Vitis sylvestris manifest independently of the climate oscillations, being present both through colder and more humid episodes, as well as through drier and warmer events. Probably prehistoric communities have made a constant and deliberate effort, all along the Holocene, to maintain grapevine crops.

Active rearrangements in the cell wall follow polymer concentration during postharvest withering in the berry skin of Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Fasoli ◽  
Rossana Dell’Anna ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Raffaella Balestrini ◽  
Silvia Dal Santo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Berry Skin
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