scholarly journals Designing of Green Plasticizers and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Their Use

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761
Author(s):  
Aliya K. Mazitova ◽  
Guliya K. Aminova ◽  
Irina N. Vikhareva
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
High Set ◽  
Acid Esters

The growing anthropogenic load on the lithosphere is currently characterized by the alienation of huge areas for solid domestic waste. One of the most common pollutants is traditional plastics with a degradation period of over 100 years. In connection with the increasing environmental requirements, polymer materials, along with a high set of technological and operational parameters, must be environmentally friendly and biodegradable. The development of polymer composite materials that undergo accelerated physicochemical and biological changes in the natural environment due to the introduction of biodegradable additives is one of the potential methods for processing synthetic materials and ensures the release of significant areas of fertile soils and lands from the steadily increasing amount of polymer waste. The use of adipic acid esters as PVC plasticizers contributes to the production of biodegradable composites. The article describes a method for obtaining new esters of adipic acid, presents the results of studying their properties for practical use in PVC composites, and assesses the economic efficiency of preventing damage to the environment when using them.

scholarly journals Control the System and Environment of Post-Production Wind Turbine Blade Waste Using Life Cycle Models. Part 1. Environmental Transformation Models

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Piasecka ◽  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos ◽  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Andrzej Tomporowski
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
The Impact

Controlling the system—the environment of power plants is called such a transformation—their material, energy and information inputs in time, which will ensure that the purpose of the operation of this system or the state of the environment, is achieved. The transformations of systems and environmental inputs and their goals describe the different models, e.g., LCA model groups and methods. When converting wind kinetic energy into electricity, wind power plants emit literally no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production and postuse management stages of their components require large amounts of energy and materials. The biggest controlling problem during postuse management is wind power plant blades, followed by waste generated during their production. Therefore, this publication is aimed at carrying out an ecological, technical and energetical transformation analysis of selected postproduction waste of wind power plant blades based on the LCA models and methods. The research object of control was eight different types of postproduction waste (fiberglass mat, roving fabric, resin discs, distribution hoses, spiral hoses with resin, vacuum bag film, infusion materials residues, surplus mater), mainly made of polymer materials, making it difficult for postuse management and dangerous for the environment. Three groups of models and methods were used: Eco-indicator 99, IPCC and CED. The impact of analysis objects on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was controlled and assessed. Of all the tested waste, the life cycle of resin discs made of epoxy resin was characterized by the highest level of harmful technology impact on the environment and the highest energy consumption. Postuse control and management in the form of recycling would reduce the negative impact on the environment of the tested waste (in the perspective of their entire life cycle). Based on the results obtained, guidelines and models for the proecological postuse control of postproduction polymer waste of wind power plants blades were proposed.

Direct synthesis of adipic acid esters via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 1,3-dienes

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6472) ◽  
pp. 1514-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yang ◽  
Jiawang Liu ◽  
Helfried Neumann ◽  
Robert Franke ◽  
Ralf Jackstell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Bidentate Phosphine ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Bidentate Phosphine Ligand ◽  
Acid Esters

The direct carbonylation of 1,3-butadiene offers the potential for a more cost-efficient and environmentally benign route to industrially important adipic acid derivatives. However, owing to the complex reaction network of regioisomeric carbonylation and isomerization pathways, a selective practical catalyst for this process has thus far proven elusive. Here, we report the design of a pyridyl-substituted bidentate phosphine ligand (HeMaRaphos) that, upon coordination to palladium, catalyzes adipate diester formation from 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, and butanol with 97% selectivity and 100% atom-economy under industrially viable and scalable conditions (turnover number > 60,000). This catalyst system also affords access to a variety of other di- and triesters from 1,2- and 1,3-dienes.

scholarly journals Swelling-strengthening hydrogels by embedding with deformable nanobarriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wu ◽  
Yan Pang ◽  
Jinyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Transmembrane Transport ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Transmembrane Diffusion

Abstract Biological tissues, such as muscle, can increase their mechanical strength after swelling due to the existence of many biological membrane barriers that can regulate the transmembrane transport of water molecules and ions. Oppositely, typical synthetic materials show a swelling-weakening behavior, which always suffers from a sharp decline in mechanical strength after swelling, because of the dilution of the network. Here, we describe a swelling-strengthening phenomenon of polymer materials achieved by a bioinspired strategy. Liposomal membrane nanobarriers are covalently embedded in a crosslinked network to regulate transmembrane transport. After swelling, the stretched network deforms the liposomes and subsequently initiates the transmembrane diffusion of the encapsulated molecules that can trigger the formation of a new network from the preloaded precursor. Thanks to the tough nature of the double-network structure, the swelling-strengthening phenomenon is achieved to polymer hydrogels successfully. Swelling-triggered self-strengthening enables the development of various dynamic materials.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of Plasma-Treated Polymeric Implants

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Recek
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Artificial Graft ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of mortality in the modern world. Scientist all around the world are trying to improve medical treatment, but the success of the treatment significantly depends on the stage of disease progression. In the last phase of disease, the treatment is possible only by implantation of artificial graft. Most commonly used materials for artificial grafts are polymer materials. Despite different industrial procedures for graft fabrication, their properties are still not optimal. Grafts with small diameters (<6 mm) are the most problematic, because the platelets are more likely to re-adhere. This causes thrombus formation. Recent findings indicate that platelet adhesion is primarily influenced by blood plasma proteins that adsorb to the surface immediately after contact of a synthetic material with blood. Fibrinogen is a key blood protein responsible for the mechanisms of activation, adhesion and aggregation of platelets. Plasma treatment is considered as one of the promising methods for improving hemocompatibility of synthetic materials. Another method is endothelialization of materials with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells, thus forming a uniform layer of endothelial cells on the surface. Extensive literature review led to the conclusion that in this area, despite numerous studies there are no available standardized methods for testing the hemocompatibility of biomaterials. In this review paper, the most promising methods to gain biocompatibility of synthetic materials are reported; several hypotheses to explain the improvement in hemocompatibility of plasma treated polymer surfaces are proposed.

On-Line Classification of Synthetic Polymers Using near Infrared Spectral Imaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kulcke ◽  
C. Gurschler ◽  
G. Spöck ◽  
R. Leitner ◽  
M. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Spectral Angle Mapper ◽  
Line System ◽  
On Line

The lack of industrially-applicable, fast polymer classification systems is currently a major stumbling block in establishing both economically- and ecologically-useful waste recycling systems. With the advent of near infrared (NIR) spectral imaging for online classification, a method capable of distinguishing between different materials while simultaneously providing reliable size and shape information became available. In particular, polymer materials can be identified by their characteristic reflection spectra in the NIR without critical interferences from varying sample sizes and colours. A dedicated laboratory-scale prototype spectral imaging system has been developed and a number of classification algorithms have been evaluated for their applicability for polymer classification. Of the investigated algorithms, the Spectral Angle Mapper algorithm, supplemented by a threshold value and applied to the first derivatives of the normalised spectra, proved to be best suited for a rapid and reliable classification of polymers. Based on these achievements, an on-line system capable of classifying polymer parts delivered on a conveyor belt in real-time has been set up, which can be used, for example, as a sensor for fully-automated industrial polymer waste sorters.

scholarly journals Application of natural zeolite for recycling of polymer waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Yermek Aubakirov ◽  
Firuza Akhmetova ◽  
Zheneta Tashmukhambetova ◽  
Larissa Sassykova ◽  
Ayazhan Kurmangaliyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Recently, the ways of obtaining alternative energy resources in the production of gasoline and diesel fuels have been considered. Using physico-chemical methods, nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds in gasoline, diesel distillates obtained from polymer residues can be determined. Currently, a promising method is the processing of polymer materials into liquid fuel fractions and organic products. In this method, the destruction of the polymer series with the formation of low-molecular hydrocarbons occurred. The process was carried out at a temperature of 400-450°C at atmospheric or elevated pressure in the presence or in the absence of a catalyst. Both pure polymers and various polymer wastes, containing organic orinorganic waste that does notrequire special cleaning, were used. This technology allows you not only to eliminate wastes, but also to obtain a large number of commercial products.

scholarly journals Study of biodegradability of the vegetable oil modified epoxy coatings

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1572-1583
Author(s):  
Elena M. Gotlib ◽  
Anh Nguyen ◽  
Tatiana V. Vdovina ◽  
Olga M. Rakova ◽  
Alla G. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Epoxy Coatings ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Biodegradation In Soil

АBSTRACT Introduction. For solving environment protection problems and reducing the volume of ‘polymer waste’, the study of biodegradability of polymer materials by means of their modification without impairing main performance is of practical importance. This is achievable by application of biodegradable natural additives. The radical solution is the development of polymer materials that are capable of retaining their performance throughout their service life only. Materials and methods. To modify compositions, APh-2 aminoalkylphenol-cured ED-20 epoxy diane resin was used. Liquid fraction of rubber tree oil (RTO) and Vietnam-produced soybean oil (SO) were used as the modifiers. Biodegradability of the materials was evaluated by Sturm’s method checking respirometric activity of soil in their presence. Resistance of the epoxy materials to microbiological putrefaction in soil was investigated by mass loss value. Thermal stability of the epoxy coatings was tested by simultaneous thermal analysis on Netzch-Gerätebau GmbH apparatus at the heating rate 10 °C/min when the temperature varying within the range of 25 °C to 600 °C. Water absorption was evaluated as per GOST 4650-2014 standard. Sol-gel analysis was implemented in boiling acetone in the Soxhlet apparatus. Abrasion hardness of epoxy materials was carried out on the IZV-1 vertical optical caliper. Hardness was checked by Barcol impressor. Frictional factor was determined by means of the CSM Instruments Tribometer automated friction machine. Results. Applying vegetable oils governs a significant growth of the abrasion resistance and enhancement of antifriction characteristics of epoxy materials. The vegetable oils exercise a plasticizing effect on epoxy compositions, accelerate processes of epoxy material biodegradation in soil and reduce their resistance to micromyces. Epoxy resin is characterized with high funginertness and its modification by the RTO results in enhancement of biodegradability when exposed to mouldy fungi. Conclusions. Applying the RTO as a modifier of the epoxy materials accelerates processes of their biodegradation in soil and decreases their resistance to micromyces. The higher biodegradation of vegetable oil-modified epoxy films takes place at complex exposure to bacteria and mycelian fungi as a part of soil microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals Natural bio-based monomers for biomedical applications: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallinath S. Birajdar ◽  
Haejin Joo ◽  
Won-Gun Koh ◽  
Hansoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
New Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Suitable Potential

Abstract In recent years, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymer materials have been widely used in various applications. Especially concerning biomedical applications, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity have increased the interest of researchers to discover and develop new products for the well-being of humanity. Among the synthetic and semi-synthetic materials, the use of natural bio-based monomeric materials presents a possible novel avenue for the development of new biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic products. The purpose of this article is to review the information on the role of natural bio-based monomers in biomedical applications. Increased eco-friendliness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and intrinsic biological activity are some of the attributes which make itaconic, succinic, citric, hyaluronic, and glutamic acids suitable potential materials for biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the most recent advances in the field over the past ten years and specifically highlight new and interesting discoveries in biomedical applications. Graphical abstract Natural origin acid-based bio-monomers for biomedical applications

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