scholarly journals Synergetic Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets/Tapioca Starch on Water-Based Drilling Muds: Enhancements in Rheological and Filtration Characteristics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2655
Author(s):  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Muhammad Syahmi Bins Safri ◽  
Mohammad Arif Izzuddin Bin Mohammad Faiz ◽  
Asif Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Fesem Micrographs

Several borehole problems are encountered during drilling a well due to improper mud design. These problems are directly associated with the rheological and filtration properties of the fluid used during drilling. Thus, it is important to investigate the mud rheological and filtration characteristics of water-based drilling muds (WBMs). Several materials have been examined but due to the higher temperature conditions of wells, such materials have degraded and lost their primary functions. In this research, an attempt was made to prepare a water-based mud by utilizing graphene nano platelets (GNP) in addition to the native tapioca starch at different ratios. The combined effect of starch and graphene nano platelets has been investigated in terms of mud’s rheological and filtration parameters, including its plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), fluid loss volume (FLV) and filtercake thickness (FCT). The morphological changes in the filtercake have also been observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) micrographs. Plastic viscosity was increased from 18–35 cP, 22–31 cP and 21–28 cP for 68 °F, 250 °F and 300 °F, respectively. The yield point was also enhanced from 22–37 lb/100ft2, 26–41 lb/100ft2 and 24–31 lb/100ft2 at the studied range. The fluid loss was dramatically reduced from 14.5–6.5 mL, 17.3–7.5 mL and 36–9.5 mL at 68 °F, 250 °F and 300 °F respectively. Similarly, filtercake thickness was also reduced which was further illustrated by filtercake morphology.

scholarly journals Improving the rheological and fluid loss properties of the water-based mud using wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Hani Ali Al Khalaf ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad ◽  
Gabriella Kovácsné Federer
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

This study aims to evaluate the effect of wheat flour as a natural and environmentally friendly material on the properties of water-based mud. Recently, many experiments have been conducted with various additives to improve the properties of drilling fluids. The effect of using wheat flour as a new additive to drilling fluid was studied to improve rheological and filtration properties. In the laboratory several samples of water-based mud were prepared, different concentrations of wheat flour from 1 wt% to 7 wt% were added to the mud and tested by using a Fann 35 viscometer, 140 Fann Mud balance, and an API LT-LP filter press. The results showed that adding 7 wt% of wheat flour was the optimal concentration. It was found that the apparent viscosity and yield point increased by 50% and 35%, respectively, when 7 wt% of wheat flour was added to the water-based drilling fluid. Likewise, the fluid loss rate was reduced by 25% when using the same concentration of wheat flour.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Based on Bentonite

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Gamal ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Salem Basfar ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Majed
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

The design of drilling fluids is very important for the drilling operation success. The rheological properties play a key role in the performance of the drilling fluid. Therefore, studying the mud rheological properties of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite is essential. The main objectives of this study are to address the effect of pH changes on the rheological and filtration properties of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite and to provide a recommended pH range for this drilling fluid for a safe and high-performance drilling operation. Different samples of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite with different pH values were prepared, and the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength were measured. After that, the filtration test was performed under 300 psi differential pressure and 200 °F. The pH for the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite significantly affects the mud rheology. The shear stress and shear rate relation were varying with the change in the pH. Increasing the pH from 8 to 12 resulted in decreasing the plastic viscosity by 53% and the yield point by 82%, respectively. The ratio of yield point / plastic viscosity was 1.4 for pH of 8 while it decreased to 0.5 for a pH of 11 and 12. There was a significant decrease in the gel strength readings by increasing the pH. The filtrate volume and filter cake thickness increased by increasing pH. The filtration volume increased from 9.5 cm3 to 12.6 cm3 by increasing the pH from 9 to 12. The filter cake thickness was 2 mm at 9 pH, while it was increased to 3.6 mm for 12 pH. It is recommended from the results to keep the pH of water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite in the range of 9 to 10 as it provides the optimum mud rheological and filtration properties. The findings of this study illustrated that keeping the pH in the range of 9 to 10 will reduce the plastic viscosity that will help in increasing the rate of penetration and reducing the required pump pressure to circulate the mud to the surface which will help to sustain the drilling operation. In addition, reducing the filtrate volume will produce a thin filter cake which will help in avoiding the pipe sticking and protect the environment. In general, optimizing the pH of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite in the range of 9 to 10 will improve the drilling operation and minimize the total cost.

Nanoparticles Performance as Fluid Loss Additives in Water Based Drilling Fluids

2016 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Razak Ismail ◽  
Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Zaidi Jaafar ◽  
Issham Ismail ◽  
Elisabet Sabu Hera
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Water Based

Nanoparticles are used to study the rheological characteristics of drilling fluids. Nanoparticles have high surface to volume ratio, therefore only small quantity is required to blend in the drilling fluid. This research evaluates the performance of nanosilica and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as fluid loss additives in water based drilling fluid with various nanoparticles concentration and temperature. The results show that plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength of drilling fluid increases as the concentration of nanoparticles increased. Drilling fluid with nanosilica gives the highest filtrate loss of 12 ml and mudcake thickness of 10 inch at 1 g concentration at 300°F. However, drilling fluid with MWCNT shows a decreasing trend in fluid loss and mudcake thickness. The results also show that xanthan gum containing 1 g of MWCNT gives 4.9 ml fluid loss and mudcake thickness of 4 inch at 200°F. After aging, plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength of mud containing nanoparticles decrease significantly especially for 1 g of nanosilica and 0.01 g MWCNT. Fluid loss and mudcake thickness increased when the mud is exposed to temperature above 250°F. The results showed that xanthan gum with MWCNT gives a better rheological performance.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Bentonite-Free Water Based Mud Reinforced with Carboxymethylated Tapioca Starch: Rheological Modeling and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3320
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Tarek Ganat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Based

Drilling mud’s rheological characteristics, such as plastic viscosity and yield point, are adversely affected with an inappropriate mud formulation. Native starch is one of the most important components in water-based mud because it improves the rheological and filtration characteristics of the mud. The native starch stability under various temperature and exposure time regimes is an important concern for utilizing starch in oil and gas drilling operations. In this work, tapioca starch was modified using carboxymethylation for the first time in order to improve its performance in non-damaging water-based muds. The modified starch was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability was tested using thermal gravimetric analysis. Various mud blends were formulated based on the experimental design using response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate their performance at various temperature conditions. Thirty experimental runs were carried out based on the selected factors and responses considering the optimal (custom) design, and the results were analyzed through ANOVA. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the carboxymethylation of starch. The TGA analysis revealed strong thermal stability after modification. Additionally, the Power law model (PLM) described the obtained rheological data for the selected formulations, resulting in determination coefficients of more than 0.95. Furthermore, the examined samples showed a reduction in the flow behavior index from 0.30 to 0.21 and an increase in the consistency index from 5.6 to 15.1. Optimization and confirmation results revealed the adequacy of the generated empirical models for both plastic viscosity and yield point. The obtained consistency index values provided a direct relationship with the modified starch concentration, indicating an improvement in the cutting carrying capacity of mud. Based on the current literature survey, the studied formulation has not been reported in the literature.

scholarly journals The Rheology and Performance of Geothermal Spring Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Avci ◽  
Bayram Ali Mert
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Geothermal Spring ◽  
Cake Thickness ◽  
Water Based

In this study, the rheological properties and performances of mud prepared with geothermal spring water to be used by geothermal drilling operators were examined at ambient and elevated temperatures. In this context, mud samples were prepared in the compositions detailed in the API specification by using five different geothermal spring water types and a distilled water type. Afterwards, density, apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength, fluid loss, pH, and filter cake thickness of these samples were measured. The drilling muds were analyzed by means of rheological tests in accordance with the standards of the American Petroleum Institute (API). The experimental results have revealed that the mud prepared with geothermal water have lower viscosity and yield point compared to those prepared with freshwater at elevated temperatures. The stability of the muds decreases, especially at temperatures higher than 250°F, and they start to become flocculated. It was concluded that geothermal water-based muds have higher API fluid loss and cake thickness than the freshwater-based one. Therefore, it could be interpreted that the muds prepared with geothermal spring water will exhibit lower flow performance and lower ability of hole cleaning and rate of penetration compared to the freshwater muds. Hence, it is recommended that this kind of water should not be used to prepare drilling mud.

Starch-Lubricant Compositions For Improved Lubricity and Fluid Loss in Water-Based Drilling Muds

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sifferman ◽  
Herman M. Muijs ◽  
George F. Fanta ◽  
Frederick C. Felker ◽  
Selim M. Erhan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Drilling Muds

scholarly journals Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite clay samples determined by experimental planning and statistical analysis

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (370) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. A. Brito ◽  
P. M. Bastos ◽  
A. J. A. Gama ◽  
J. M. Cartaxo ◽  
G. A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

Abstract Over the past few years, considerable research has been conducted using the techniques of mixture delineation and statistical modeling. Through this methodology, applications in various technological fields have been found/optimized, especially in clay technology, leading to greater efficiency and reliability. This work studied the influence of carboxymethylcellulose on the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite dispersions to be applied in water-based drilling fluids using experimental planning and statistical analysis for clay mixtures. The dispersions were prepared according to Petrobras standard EP-1EP-00011-A, which deals with the testing of water-based drilling fluid viscosifiers for oil prospecting. The clay mixtures were transformed into sodic compounds, and carboxymethylcellulose additives of high and low molar mass were added, in order to improve their rheology and filtrate volume. Experimental planning and statistical analysis were used to verify the effect. The regression models were calculated for the relation between the compositions and the following rheological properties: apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and filtrate volume. The significance and validity of the models were confirmed. The results showed that the 3D response surfaces of the compositions with high molecular weight carboxymethylcellulose added were the ones that most contributed to the rise in apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity, and that those with low molecular weight were the ones that most helped in the reduction of the filtrate volume. Another important observation is that the experimental planning and statistical analysis can be used as an important auxiliary tool to optimize the rheological properties and filtrate volume of bentonite clay dispersions for use in drilling fluids when carboxymethylcellulose is added.

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