scholarly journals Designing Materials and Processes for Strong Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2863
Author(s):  
Hyunchul Ahn ◽  
Sang Young Yeo ◽  
Byoung-Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Precursor Fiber ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Precursor

Although polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers have been successfully commercialized owing to their excellent material properties, their actual mechanical performance is still much lower than the theoretical values. Meanwhile, there is a growing demand for the use of superior carbon fibers. As such, many studies have been conducted to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fibers. Among the various approaches, designing a strong precursor fiber with a well-developed microstructure and morphology can constitute the most effective strategy to achieve superior performance. In this review, the efforts used to modulate materials, processing, and additives to deliver strong precursor fibers were thoroughly investigated. Our work demonstrates that the design of materials and processes is a fruitful pathway for the enhancement of the mechanical performance of carbon fibers.

The Effect of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone and Nickel Acetylacetonate on the Fabrication of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 905-910
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Wang ◽  
Hai Qin Rong ◽  
Ao Yun Xu ◽  
Hui Min Lin ◽  
Shu Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Benzene Adsorption ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Precursor Fiber ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Nickel Acetylacetonate ◽  
Pan Fiber ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Precursor

The effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (K30) and nickel acetylacetonate (Ni (acac)2) on the fabrication of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber was investigated. K30 and Ni (acac)2 were chosen as pore-forming agents to prepare mesoporous carbon fibers.Meanwhile, the concentration of K30 and Ni (acac)2, the mass ratio of pore-forming agent to PAN, the rheological properties of spinning dope, the mechanical properties, thermal performance of fiber precursor were also characterized. Furthermore, the precursor fibers and the carbon fibers were researched by FTIR analysis, TG analysis and static benzene adsorption. Based on the research, when the concentration of K30 and Ni (acac)2 was 5%, the mass ratio of K30/Ni (acac)2 to PAN was 7:3, the fiber precursors had excellent properties. Adding poreforming agent, the pore distribution was controlled.

scholarly journals Mechanical Optimization of Concrete with Recycled PET Fibres Based on a Statistical-Experimental Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Alejandro Meza ◽  
Pablo Pujadas ◽  
Laura Montserrat Meza ◽  
Francesc Pardo-Bosch ◽  
Rubén D. López-Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Fibre Aspect Ratio

Discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles have damaged our ecosystem. Problems of marine fauna conservation and land fertility have been related to the disposal of these materials. Recycled fibre is an opportunity to reduce the levels of waste in the world and increase the mechanical performance of the concrete. PET as concrete reinforcement has demonstrated ductility and post-cracking strength. However, its performance could be optimized. This study considers a statistical-experimental analysis to evaluate recycled PET fibre reinforced concrete with various fibre dose and aspect ratio. 120 samples were experimented under workability, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile tests. The results pointed out that the fibre dose has more influence on the responses than its fibre aspect ratio, with statistical relation on the tensional toughness, equivalent flexural strength ratio, volumetric weight, and the number of fibres. Moreover, the fibre aspect ratio has a statistical impact on the tensional toughness. In general, the data indicates that the optimal recycled PET fibre reinforced concrete generates a superior performance than control samples, with an improvement similar to those reinforced with virgin fibres.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Mechanical and Sensing Properties of Smart Composite Prestressed Tendon

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danhui Dan ◽  
Pengfei Jia ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Po Niu
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Smart Composite ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Sensing Performance

It is typically difficult for engineers to detect the tension force of prestressed tendons in concrete structures. In this study, a smart bar is fabricated by embedding a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) in conjunction with its communication fiber into a composite bar surrounded by carbon fibers. Subsequently, a smart composite cable is twisted by using six outer steel wires and the smart bar. Given the embedded FBG, the proposed composite cable simultaneously provides two functions, namely withstanding tension force and self-sensing the stress state. It can be potentially used as an alternative to a prestressing reinforcement tendon for prestressed concrete (PC), and thereby provide a solution to detecting the stress state of the prestressing reinforcement tendons during construction and operation. In the study, both the mechanical properties and sensing performance of the proposed composite cable are investigated by experimental studies under different force standing conditions. These conditions are similar to those of ordinary prestressed tendons of a real PC components in service or in a construction stage. The results indicate that the proposed smart composite cable under the action of ultra-high pretension stress exhibits reliable mechanical performance and sensing performance, and can be used as a prestressed tendon in prestressed concrete structures.

Production Parameters Optimization of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yong Sheng Ding ◽  
Kuang Rong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Precursor Fiber ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Polyacrylonitrile Precursor

Polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber as the as-spun fiber of carbon fiber plays a vital role in carbon fiber performances. In order to optimize the production process and the fiber performances of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber, a production parameters optimization approach is proposed to find the relationship between the initial input and the final output of this fiber production and help to determine the production parameters according to the fiber performances required. Because fiber production is a complex industry process with a lot of parameters working together and them all have effect on the final performances, so this optimization is a multi-objective optimization which is based on particle swarm optimization formulas and production data. This approach can maintain the diversity of solutions, improve the accuracy of production parameters determining and provide a optimization of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber.

Development of Composites with Excellent Electrical and Mechanical Performance from ASR Derived Plastics and Recycled Short Carbon Fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. P-231-P-237
Author(s):  
HARUO NISHIDA ◽  
HIROFUMI KAWAZUMI ◽  
MINATO WAKISAKA ◽  
TARO KIMURA ◽  
HARUUMI HASUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Short Carbon

Processing-Mechanical Property Relationship of Hollow and Porous Carbon Fibers Fabricated by Coaxial Electrospinning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Jizhe Cai ◽  
James G. Boyd ◽  
Mohammad Naraghi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Coaxial Electrospinning ◽  
Solid Shell ◽  
Porous Shell ◽  
Hollow Carbon

High strength hollow carbon fibers with both porous and solid shell were fabricated by a combination of coaxial electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning. In the coaxial electrospinning, a Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/ Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/Dimethylformamide (DMF) emulsion was used to form the porous shell and a PAN/DMF solution was used to form the solid shell. Fiber surface and cross-section morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical property of the hollow fibers was characterized by single fiber tensile test using microelectromechanical system devices (MEMS). The effect of pores on mechanical performance of the hollow fibers was studied. Hollow carbon fibers with porous and solid shell both showed a brittle fracture behavior. The modulus and strength of the hollow carbon fibers with solid shell was ∼ 76.1 GPa and 2.04 GPa, respectively. For the hollow carbon fibers with porous shell, the porosity led to ∼ 35 % reduction in strength. The porous fibers with the mediocre strength measured here open new horizons for combining structural functionality with energy storage, in so-called structural batteries.

The Effects of Layer-by-Layer Thickness and Fiber Volume Fraction Variation on the Mechanical Performance of a Pressure Vessel

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Özaslan ◽  
Ali Yetgin ◽  
Bülent Acar ◽  
Volkan Coşkun ◽  
Tarık Olğar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Filament Wound

Abstract Due to high stiffness/weight ratio, composite materials are widely used in aerospace applications such as motor case of rockets which can be regarded as a pressure vessel. The most commonly used method to manufacture pressure vessels is the wet filament winding. However, the mechanical performance of a filament wound pressure vessel directly depends on the manufacturing process, manufacturing site environmental condition, and material properties of matrix and fiber. The designed pressure vessel may not be manufactured because of the mentioned issues. Therefore, manufacturing of filament wound composite structures are based on manufacturing experience and experiment. In this study, effects of layer-by-layer thickness and fiber volume fraction variation due to manufacturing process on the mechanical performance were investigated for filament wound pressure vessel with unequal dome openings. First, the finite element model was created for designed thickness dimensions and constant material properties for all layers. Then, the model was updated. The updated finite element model considered the thickness of each layer separately and variation of fiber volume fraction between the layers. Effects of the thickness and fiber volume fraction on the stress distribution along the motor axial direction were shown. Also hydrostatic pressurization tests were performed to verify finite element analysis in terms of fiber direction strain through the motor case outer surface. Important aspects of analyzing a filament wound pressure vessel were addressed for designers.

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