scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Wood Composite Panels for Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3423
Author(s):  
Birger Buschmann ◽  
Klaudius Henke ◽  
Daniel Talke ◽  
Bettina Saile ◽  
Carsten Asshoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Feedstock Material

The renewable resource, wood, is becoming increasingly popular as a feedstock material for additive manufacturing (AM). It can help make those processes more affordable and reduce their environmental impact. Individual layer fabrication (ILF) is a novel AM process conceived for structural applications. In ILF, parts are formed by laminating thin, individually contoured panels of wood composites which are fabricated additively by binder jetting. The individual fabrication of single panels allows the application of mechanical pressure in manufacturing those board-like elements, leading to a reduction of binder contend and an increase of mechanical strength. In this paper, the ILF process is described in detail, geometric and processing limitations are identified, and the mechanical properties of the intermediate product (panels) are presented. It is shown that the thickness of panels significantly influences the geometric accuracy. Wood composite panels from spruce chips and pMDI adhesive showed flexural strengths between 24.00 and 52.45 MPa with adhesive contents between 6.98 and 17.00 wt %. Thus, the panels meet the mechanical requirements for usage in the European construction industry. Additionally, they have significantly lower binder contents than previously investigated additively manufactured wood composites.

scholarly journals Individual layer fabrication (ILF): a novel approach to additive manufacturing by the use of wood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudius Henke ◽  
Daniel Talke ◽  
Frauke Bunzel ◽  
Birger Buschmann ◽  
Carsten Asshoff
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Selective Binding ◽  
Laminated Object Manufacturing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Individual

AbstractA novel process named ‘individual layer fabrication (ILF)’ is presented, in which objects are built up by laminating individually contoured wood-based panels. However, contrary to the well-known process of ‘laminated object manufacturing (LOM)’, in ILF, the individual panels are not shaped by a subtractive process but additively by selective binding of wooden particles. The particles are spread as a thin layer onto a built platform. A liquid adhesive is then applied only to those areas where the contoured panel is to be generated. As each layer is fabricated individually, the ILF process allows the application of mechanical pressure. Thereby, compared to other additive manufacturing techniques, the necessary amount of binder can be significantly reduced and mechanical properties comparable to particle boards can be achieved.

Investigating the possibility of geopolymer to produce inorganic-bonded wood composites for multifunctional construction material – A Review

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 7941-7950
Author(s):  
Siti Noorbaini Sarmin ◽  
Johannes Welling ◽  
Andreas Krause ◽  
Ali Shalbafan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Wood Based Composite ◽  
Great Development

Wood-based composites are widely used in consumer products, either in structural or non-structural applications. One of the basic elements for wood-based composites is the binder itself. Recent years have seen great development and trends in the field of eco-friendly binders in wood-based composite. There have been many concerns on the effects of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from wood-based products. Researchers have put lot of effort into developing environmental friendly products with enhanced sustainability. Binder materials with a focus on geopolymers (i.e., alumino-silicates) are discussed in this publication. The development and utilization of geopolymeric binders is relatively new in the field of wood-based composites. Up to the present there has been insufficient information regarding the manufacturing conditions and properties of wood-nonwood composite materials prepared using a geopolymeric binder. This paper considers the background of geopolymer materials and the possibilities of producing inorganic-bonded wood composite using geopolymer.

Water Absorption of Basalt Fiber and Mineral Glass Powder Reinforced Wood Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Yan Fei Jiang ◽  
Hua Wu Liu ◽  
Tao Fang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Insulation Materials

Both basalt fiber and mineral glass are water insulation materials, which are used to improve the permeability of engineered wood composite panels in this study. The contents of water resistant agent in wood composite panels are 0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%, respectively. It was found that the minimum thickness swelling was 2.55%, when the mineral glass content was 15%; the minimum thickness swelling was 5.09%, when the basalt fiber content was 5%. Both water insulation materials can reduce the water absorption, but mineral glass powder is more powerful.

scholarly journals Application of Wood Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3479
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Roman Réh
Keyword(s):  
Wood Composites ◽  
Structural Applications

Wood composites are the key material for a number of structural and non-structural applications for interior and exterior purposes, such as furniture, construction, floorings, windows and doors, etc [...]

scholarly journals PROXIMITY EFFECTS AND CURIE TEMPERATURE ENHANCEMENT IN Co/EuS AND Fe/EuS MULTILAYERS

SPIN ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. LEWITZ ◽  
A. STRAUB ◽  
V. KAPAKLIS ◽  
P. POULOPOULOS ◽  
A. DELIMITIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Exchange ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Polycrystalline Structure ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Temperature Enhancement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost Continuous

Two identical Co/EuS and Fe/EuS multilayers of six periods each and with individual layers of about 4 nm thick are grown by e-beam evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The films show polycrystalline structure with a grain size limited by the individual layer thickness. Both multilayers consist of almost continuous layers with some roughness. The surface peak-to-peak roughness is about 4–5 nm. Magnetization measurements and calculations of the loops based on a Stoner–Wohlfarth-like model allow us to determine the direct antiferromagnetic exchange coupling constant between the 3d metal and EuS at 5 K. Both samples show strong enhancement of the Curie temperature of EuS up to at least 50 K with a EuS magnetization tail, which persists up to about 100 K. The J = 7/2 character of the EuS layers is shown to be responsible for the large Curie temperature enhancement.

scholarly journals Plasma Metal Deposition for Metallic Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Ariza Galván ◽  
Isabel Montealegre Meléndez ◽  
Cristina Arévalo Mora ◽  
Eva María Pérez Soriano ◽  
Erich Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Lightweight Alloys ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Feedstock Material

Plasma metal deposition (PMD®) is a promising and economical direct energy deposition technique for metal additive manufacturing based on plasma as an energy source. This process allows the use of powder, wire, or both combined as feedstock material to create near-net-shape large size components (i.e., >1 m) with high-deposition rates (i.e., 10 kg/h). Among the already PMD® processed materials stand out high-temperature resistance nickel-based alloys, diverse steels and stainless steels commonly used in the industry, titanium alloys for the aerospace field, and lightweight alloys. Furthermore, the use of powder as feedstock also allows to produce metal matrix composites reinforced with a wide range of materials. This chapter presents the characteristics of the PMD® technology, the welding parameters affecting additive manufacturing, examples of different fabricated materials, as well as the challenges and developments of the rising PMD® technology.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-treatments and additives on the improvement of cement wood composite: A review

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7288-7308
Author(s):  
Fatima Z. Brahmia ◽  
Péter György Horváth ◽  
Tibor L. Alpár
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
National Level ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Magnesium Compounds ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Cement wood composites (CWC) are a popular construction material. Lightweight or panel-wise wood-based buildings have a growing market in central Europe. Requirements and regulations on both the global and national level are forcing continuous developments. This paper summarizes the research achievements in improving the hygroscopic and mechanical properties and shortening the manufacturing time of CWC via pre-treatments and additives. In addition, new perspectives on enhancing its fire resistance properties by using fire retardant pre-treatments are discussed. CWC without any pre-treatment is a material within the B-s1, d0 category of fire resistance. Using fire retardants could upgrade it to the category A1 but the fire retardants should not affect the primary properties of CWC. There are a number of potential fire retardants of wood that may be used, such as phosphorus, boron, and magnesium compounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document