scholarly journals An Overview on Composite Sorbents Based on Polyelectrolytes Used in Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3963
Author(s):  
Florin Bucatariu ◽  
Carmen Teodosiu ◽  
Irina Morosanu ◽  
Daniela Fighir ◽  
Ramona Ciobanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Advanced wastewater treatment processes are required to implement wastewater reuse in agriculture or industry, the efficient removal of targeted priority and emerging organic & inorganic pollutants being compulsory (due to their eco-toxicological and human health effects, bio-accumulative, and degradation characteristics). Various processes such as membrane separations, adsorption, advanced oxidation, filtration, disinfection may be used in combination with one or more conventional treatment stages, but technical and environmental criteria are important to assess their application. Natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes combined with some inorganic materials or other organic or inorganic polymers create new materials (composites) that are currently used in sorption of toxic pollutants. The recent developments on the synthesis and characterization of composites based on polyelectrolytes, divided according to their macroscopic shape— beads, core-shell, gels, nanofibers, membranes—are discussed, and a correlation of their actual structure and properties with the adsorption mechanisms and removal efficiencies of various pollutants in aqueous media (priority and emerging pollutants or other model pollutants) are presented.

A methodology to evaluate water and wastewater treatment plant reliability

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Eisenberg ◽  
J. Soller ◽  
R. Sakaji ◽  
A. Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Risk Manager ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Evaluating the reliability of treatment processes and treatment facilities should be an important part of the planning and design process for water resource, wastewater treatment, and particularly wastewater reuse projects. With the recent developments in technology, particularly the development of membrane processes and alternative disinfection processes for water and wastewater treatment, there is an increasing need for a common methodology to evaluate the reliability of alternative processes and treatment facilities that utilize different combinations of those processes. To assess the reliability of a treatment facility, several aspects of treatment must be considered including a methodical evaluation of both mechanical reliability and plant performance. A straightforward method for conducting these types of analyses is described herein along with a description of applications of this methodology. A discussion is provided highlighting the value of such a methodology for both the water quality engineer and the risk manager.

Shot-noise simulations of HREM images of polymer crystals

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Philippe Pradère ◽  
Edwin L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Lattice Images

High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) is a very powerful technique for the study of crystal defects at the molecular level. Unfortunately polymer crystals are beam sensitive and are destroyed almost instantly under the typical HREM imaging conditions used for inorganic materials. Recent developments of low dose imaging at low magnification have nevertheless permitted the attainment of lattice images of very radiation sensitive polymers such as poly-4-methylpentene-1 and enabled molecular level studies of crystal defects in somewhat more resistant ones such as polyparaxylylene (PPX) [2].With low dose conditions the images obtained are very noisy. Noise arises from the support film, photographic emulsion granularity and in particular, the statistical distribution of electrons at the typical doses of only few electrons per unit resolution area. Figure 1 shows the shapes of electron distribution, according to the Poisson formula :

Combinatorial Peptide Libraries for Selecting Inorganic-Binding Proteins: A Step in Molecular Biomimetics

2003 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tamerler ◽  
S. Dinçer ◽  
D. Heidel ◽  
N. Karagûler ◽  
M. Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Combinatorial Peptide Libraries ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Molecular Biomimetics

AbstractProteins, one of the building blocks in organisms, not only control the assembly in biological systems but also provide most of their complex functions. It may be possible to assemble materials for practical technological applications utilizing the unique advantages provided by proteins. Here we discuss molecular biomimetic pathways in the quest for imitating biology at the molecular scale via protein engineering. We use combinatorial biology protocols to select short polypeptides that have affinity to inorganic materials and use them in assembling novel hybrid materials. We give an overview of some of the recent developments of molecular engineering towards this goal. Inorganic surface specific proteins were identified by using cell surface and phage display technologies. Examples of metal and metal oxide specific polypeptides were represented with an emphasis on certain level of specificities. The recognition and self assembling characteristics of these inorganic-binding proteins would be employed in develeopment of hybrid multifunctional materials for novel bio- and nano-technological applications.

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rabinowitz ◽  
T. D. Vassos ◽  
R. N. Dawson ◽  
W. K. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

A brief review of recent developments in biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology is presented. Guidelines are outlined of how current understanding of these two removal mechanisms can be applied in the upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants for biological nutrient removal. A case history dealing with the upgrading of the conventional activated sludge process located at Penticton, British Columbia, to a biological nutrient removal facility with a design flow of 18,200 m3/day (4.0 IMGD) is presented as a design example. Process components requiring major modification were the headworks, bioreactors and sludge handling facilities.

Textile Wastewater Reuse: Ozonation of Membrane Concentrated Secondary Effluent

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lopez ◽  
G. Ricco ◽  
R. Ciannarella ◽  
A. Rozzi ◽  
A. C. Di Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Complete Disappearance

Among the activities appointed by the EC research-project “Integrated water recycling and emission abatement in the textile industry” (Contract: ENV4-CT95-0064), the effectiveness of ozone for improving the biotreatability of recalcitrant effluents as well as for removing from them toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants has been evaluated at lab-scale. Real membrane concentrates (pH=7.9; TOC=190 ppm; CDO=595 ppm; BOD5=0 ppm; Conductivity=5,000 μS/cm; Microtox-EC20=34%) produced at Bulgarograsso (Italy) Wastewater Treatment Plant by nanofiltering biologically treated secondary textile effluents, have been treated with ozonated air (O3conc.=12 ppm) over 120 min. The results have indicated that during ozonation, BOD5 increases from 0 to 75 ppm, whereas COD and TOC both decrease by about 50% and 30 % respectively. As for potentially toxic and/or inhibitory pollutants such as dyes, nonionic surfactants and halogenated organics, all measured as sum parameters, removals higher than 90% were achieved as confirmed by the complete disappearance of acute toxicity in the treated streams. The only ozonation byproducts searched for and found were aldehydes whose total amount continuously increased in the first hour from 1.2 up to 11.8 ppm. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde were identified by HPLC.

scholarly journals Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Aakash Dev ◽  
Timo C. Dilly ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Graywater Reuse ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

scholarly journals Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4466
Author(s):  
Pablo Domínguez de María
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
Recent Developments

Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse in Spain. Current Situation and Perspectives

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Jodar-Abellan ◽  
María Inmaculada López-Ortiz ◽  
Joaquín Melgarejo-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Water Planning ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Access To Water

The issues of wastewater treatment and the reuse of water are of great importance, especially in areas where the shortage of conventional resources is a structural problem, as it is in the case of Spain. Wastewater reuse is a valid mechanism to avoid problems derived from droughts and water scarcity. It allows access to water resources in areas with water restrictions and to prevent futures scenarios, due to it being expected that water consumption will double by 2050 over the world. Thus, the likelihood that this unconventional, strategic resource would become scarce is unquestionable, particularly in cases where water planning and exploitation systems prioritize the preservation, protection, and improvement of water quality, as well as the sustainable and efficient use of natural resources. This paper shows how wastewater treatment and reuse are linked, as the reuse of wastewater is associated with a previous regeneration, and both of them are essential tools for maximizing environmental outcomes, as called for in the European Union Directives.

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