Layered Clay–Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids for the Reinforcement and Fire-Retardant Properties of Polyurea Matrix

Nanostructures are more and more evolved through extensive research on their functionalities; thus, the aim of this study was to obtain layered clay–graphene oxide nanohybrids with application as reinforcing agents in polyurea nanocomposites with enhanced thermal–mechanical and fire-retardant properties. Montmorillonite (MMT) was combined with graphene oxide (GO) and amine functionalized graphene oxide (GOD) through a new cation exchange method; the complex nanostructures were analyzed through FTIR and XPS to assess ionic interactions between clay layers and GO sheets by C1s deconvolution and specific C sp3, respective/ly, C-O secondary peaks appearance. The thermal decomposition of nanohybrids showed a great influence of MMT layers in TGA, while the XRD patterns highlighted mutual MMT and GO sheets crystalline-structure disruption by the d (002) shift 2θ = 6.29° to lower values. Furthermore, the nanohybrids were embedded in the polyurea matrix, and the thermo-mechanical analysis gave information about the stiffness of MMT–GO nanocomposites, while GOD insertion within the MMT layers resulted in a 30 °C improvement in the Tg of hard domains, as shown in the DSC study. The micro CT analysis show good dispersion of inorganic structures within the polyurea, while the SEM fracture images revealed smooth surfaces. Cone calorimetry was used to evaluate fire-retardant properties through limiting the oxygen index, and MMT–GOD based nanocomposites showed a 35.4% value.

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Evaluation of fire-retardant properties of edge-jointed lumber from tropical fast-growing woods using cone calorimetry and a standard fire test

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1007/s10086-002-0473-y ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Not Available Not Available ◽

Bambang Subiyanto ◽

Toshimitsu Hata ◽

Shuichi Kawai

Keyword(s):

Fire Test ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Standard Fire ◽

Fire Retardant Properties

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Biomimetic galactomannan/bentonite/graphene oxide film with superior mechanical and fire retardant properties by borate cross-linking

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 116508 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuheng Tao ◽

Chen Huang ◽

Chenhuan Lai ◽

Caoxing Huang ◽

Qiang Yong

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Oxide Film ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Fire Retardant Properties

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The fire retardant properties and pyrolysis mechanism of polysulfonamide (PSA) fibers

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517517698990 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 1299-1307 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiansheng Zhang ◽

Xiaoning Tang ◽

Ran Wang ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Xiong Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

Small Molecular Weight ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Pyrolysis Gas ◽

Pyrolysis Mechanism ◽

Fire Retardant Properties

In the present work, the fire retardant properties and pyrolysis mechanism of polysulfonamide (PSA) fibers were investigated by cone calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fire retardant behaviors were reflected by the cone calorimeter data under heat fluxes of 35, 50, and 75 kW/m2. This demonstrated that, when exposed to higher heat flux, PSA fibers were ignited easier and burned more completely, indicated by lower time to ignition and higher peak heat release rate. It was further confirmed from the morphology of the residual chars that the original fiber shape can be kept at lower heat flux, but it changed into coherent carbonaceous chars with holes at higher heat flux. In comparison of the FTIR spectra of raw fibers with residual chars, it was noticed that upon heating, the amide linkage was more liable to be broken than that of sulfone groups. Additionally, with elevated heat flux, most of the absorption bands vanished and transformed into the typical feature of carbonaceous material. The pyrolysis products showed that some volatile products with small molecular weight, such as benzene, benzonitrile, and aniline, can be created at high temperature, which can be easily ignited. With this research, the fire retardant properties of PSA fibers are revealed and the corresponding pyrolysis mechanism is proposed, which can guide its application in practice.

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PET Foams Surface Treated with Graphene Nanoplatelets: Evaluation of Thermal Resistance and Flame Retardancy

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 501

Author(s):

Samuele Matta ◽

Laura Giorgia Rizzi ◽

Alberto Frache

Keyword(s):

Fire Retardant ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽

Penetration Test ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

Sem Images ◽

Morphological Effect ◽

Liquid Solutions ◽

Fire Retardant Properties ◽

Combustion Tests ◽

Scanning Electron

In this work, fire-retardant systems consisting of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and dispersant agents were designed and applied on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam. Manual deposition from three different liquid solutions was performed in order to create a protective coating on the specimen’s surface. A very low amount of coating, between 1.5 and 3.5 wt%, was chosen for the preparation of coated samples. Flammability, flame penetration, and combustion tests demonstrated the improvement provided to the foam via coating. In particular, specimens with PSS/GNPs coating, compared to neat foam, were able to interrupt the flame during horizontal and vertical flammability tests and led to longer endurance times during the flame penetration test. Furthermore, during cone calorimetry tests, the time to ignition (TTI) increased and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) was drastically reduced by up to 60% compared to that of the uncoated PET foam. Finally, ageing for 48 and 115 h at 160 °C was performed on coated specimens to evaluate the effect on flammability and combustion behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images proved the morphological effect of the heat treatment on the surface, showing that the coating was uniformly distributed. In this case, fire-retardant properties were enhanced, even if fewer GNPs were used.

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Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of CTAB-functionalized graphene oxide–polyphenylene sulfide composites

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008316663810 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 889-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qi Liu ◽

Wei Luo ◽

Yang Chen ◽

Huawei Zou ◽

Mei Liang

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽

Modified Graphene Oxide ◽

Modified Graphene

Polymer nanocomposites based on polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and graphene oxide (GO) modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were prepared. The properties of CTAB-modified graphene oxide (CGO) were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that the ordered structure of GO was impaired by the introduction of CTAB and increased interlayer distance was found for CGO due to the intercalation of CTAB. Mechanical tests revealed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 0.1 wt% CGO/PPS composite were 45.4% and 171.8%, respectively, higher than that of pure PPS matrix, which could be attributed to the entanglement of polymer chains between CTAB and PPS polymer chains. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of PPS matrix was enhanced due to the addition of CGO and the Tg of 0.5 wt% CGO/PPS composite increased about 10°C higher than pure PPS. In addition, the thermal stability of PPS had significant improvement according to the results of thermogravimetric analysis. The residual mass of 0.5 wt% CGO/PPS composite at 800°C was 1.22 times higher than that of pure PPS.

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Synthesis of organophosphate-functionalized graphene oxide for enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of transparent fire-retardant coatings

Polymer Degradation and Stability ◽

10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 109064 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Long Yan ◽

Zhisheng Xu ◽

Nan Deng

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Smoke Suppression ◽

Functionalized Graphene ◽

Functionalized Graphene Oxide

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Nacre-inspired integrated nanocomposites with fire retardant properties by graphene oxide and montmorillonite

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c5ta05742f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (42) ◽

pp. 21194-21200 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Peng Ming ◽

Zhaofei Song ◽

Shanshan Gong ◽

Yuanyuan Zhang ◽

Jianli Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Fire Retardant Properties

Bioinspired ternary rGO–MMT–PVA nanocomposites were successfully fabricated via the synergistic toughening effect from building blocks of GO and MMT nanosheets.

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Doxorubicin Loaded Nanoparticle Consisting of Chitosan and Mannose Modified Graphene Oxide for Intracellular Drug Delivery and Anti-tumor Activity

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.5.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 5155-5164

Author(s):

Meena K. S. ◽

Sonia K ◽

Alamelu Bai S

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Hemolysis Assay ◽

Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽

Intracellular Drug Delivery ◽

Modified Graphene Oxide

In order to develop the efficiency and the specificity of anticancer drug delivery, we have designed an innovative nanocarrier. The nanocarrier system comprises of a multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (GO-CS-M-DOX) as a novel platform for intracellular drug delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Firstly, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by hummer’s method whose surface was functionalized by chitosan (CS) in order to obtain a more precise drug delivery, the system was then decorated with mannose (M). Further conjugation of an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin to the nanocarrier system resulted in GO-CS-M-DOX drug delivery system. The resultant conjugate was characterized for its physio-chemical properties and its biocompatibility was evaluated via hemolysis assay. The drug entrapment efficiency is as high as 90% and in vitro release studies of DOX under pH 5.3 is significantly higher than that under pH 7.4. The anticancer activity of the synthesized drug delivery system was studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against MCF-7 cell line. These results stated that the pH dependent multifunctional doxorubicin- chitosan functionalized graphene oxide based nanocarrier system, could lead to a promising and potential platform for intracellular delivery and cytotoxicity activity for variety of anticancer drugs.

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