scholarly journals Investigation of Heating and Freezing Pretreatments on Mechanical, Chemical and Spectral Properties of Bulk Sunflower Seeds and Oil

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil ◽  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
Kemal Çağatay Selvi ◽  
Petr Hrabě ◽  
David Herák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Expression Efficiency ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Oil Expression ◽  
Linear Compression

The present study examined the effects of heating and freezing pretreatments on the mechanical, chemical, and spectral characteristics of sunflower seeds and oil under a linear compression process involving a universal compression-testing machine and a pressing vessel of diameter 60 mm with a plunger. The heating temperatures ranged from 40 to 80 °C and freezing temperatures from −2 to −36 °C at constant heating time of 30 min. The pretreated samples of initial height of 80 mm (22.6 × 10−5 m3) were compressed under a preset load of 100 kN and a speed of 5 mm/min. The results showed that oil expression efficiency significantly increased (p < 0.05) with increased heating temperatures but decreased with freezing temperatures. The lowest energy per volume oil of 22.55 ± 0.919 kJ/L was recorded at 80 °C compared to 26.40 ± 0.307 kJ/L noticed at −2 °C and control (25 °C) of 33.93 ± 3.866 kJ/L. The linear regression equations expressing oil expression efficiency, energy per volume oil, peroxide value, and free fatty acid, dependent on heating and freezing temperatures, were described with coefficients of determination between 0.373 and 0.908. Increased heating temperatures increased the UV absorption rate of the oil samples at a wavelength of 350 nm. The study is part of the continuing research on linear compression modeling of all processing factors, whereby the results are intended to be applied to the non-linear process dealing with a mechanical screw press to improve the oil extraction process.

scholarly journals Modeling of Linear and Non-linear Compression Processes of Sunflower Bulk Oilseeds

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
David Herak ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Riswanti Sigalingging
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Deformation Curves ◽  
Universal Compression ◽  
Oil Expression ◽  
Theoretical Pressure ◽  
Linear Compression

The present study aimed at describing the experimental and theoretical force-deformation curves of sunflower bulk oilseeds at varying initial pressing heights and vessel diameters as well as determining the theoretical pressure and energy along the screw press FL 200 pressing chambers. The design of efficient oil expression systems for industry and small-scale application remains a major challenge to engineers and researchers. In attempting to solve the problem, it is important to understand the linear compression process and to transfer the knowledge to the industry involving mechanical screw presses. The universal compression testing machine at a preset load of 200 kN and a speed of 5 mm·min−1, tangent curve model and the screw press FL 200 geometry parameters were applied. The obtained results of pressure and energy along the screw pressing chambers (1–7) ranged from 0.31 to 101.653 MPa and 12.616 to 1231.228 J. Applying the tangent model at n = 1 and n = 2, the cumulative pressure decreased with increasing vessel diameters while energy increased. The study provides useful information for the analysis of other bulk oilseeds and optimizing the processing parameters of screw press FL 200 and the design and development of new oil presses.

scholarly journals Using spectra characteristics to identify ice nucleating particle populations during winter storms in the Alps

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie M. Creamean ◽  
Claudia Mignani ◽  
Nicolas Bukowiecki ◽  
Franz Conen
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Cloud Ice ◽  
Viable Method

Abstract. One of the least understood cloud processes is modulation of their microphysics by aerosols, specifically of cloud ice by ice nucleating particles (INPs). To investigate INP impacts on cloud ice and subsequent precipitation formation, measurements in cloud environments are necessary but difficult given the logistical challenges associated with airborne measurements and separating interstitial aerosol from cloud residues. Additionally, determining the sources of INPs is important given the dependency of glaciation temperatures on the mineral or biological components and diversity of such INP populations. Here, we present results from a comparison of INP spectral characteristics in air, cloud rime, and fresh fallen snow for storm days at the High-Altitude Research Station, Jungfraujoch. The goal of the study was two-fold: (1) to assess variability in wintertime INP populations found in-cloud based on air mass direction during snowfall and (2) to evaluate INPs between different sample types using normalized differential INP spectra. INP freezing temperatures and concentrations were consistently higher on average from the southeast as compared to the northwest for rime, snow and especially aerosol samples which is likely a result of air mass influence from boundary layer terrestrial and marine sources in Southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa. For all three sample types combined, average onset freezing temperatures were −7.7 and −12 °C for southeasterly and northwesterly days, respectively, while INP concentrations were 3 to 20 times higher when winds arrived from the southeast. Southeasterly aerosol samples typically had bimodal freezing spectra – indicating a putative influence from biological sources – while bimodality of the rime and snow varied depending on meteorological context. Evaluating normalized differential INP spectra exhibited variable modality and shape – depending on the types of INPs present – and may serve as a viable method for comparing different sampling substances and assessing the possible mixed mineral and biological versus only biological contributions to INP sample populations.

High Temperature Compression Deformation Behavior and Rheological Stress Model of HRB400

2013 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Yu Yan Liu ◽  
Jia Zhen Zang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Sheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
True Stress ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Simulation Testing

A series single-pass compression tests of HRB400 slab under the circumstances of different deformation temperature and deformation rate are carried out with Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation testing machine. The experimental results shows as follows. The true stress-true strain curves of the compression process are got from the tests. The state activation energy is 353.542kJ/mol and a mathematical model of high-temperature rheological stress is established. The calculated results by the rheological model are consistent with the experiments.

The Experimental Study on Concrete-Filled Thin-Walled Square Steel Tube Short Columns Fixed U-Shaped Steel Bars

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 962-969
Author(s):  
Hai Chao Wang ◽  
Xi Quan Xu ◽  
Li Jun Zhou ◽  
Hong Ying Zhang ◽  
Feng Lian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Short Column ◽  
Short Columns ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Square Steel Tube

Based on the compression characteristics of the concrete-filled thin-walled square steel tube short columns, the U-shaped tie bars are designed in this paper. The U-shaped tie bars and steel pipe walls are connected with each other in T-shape in order to enhance the local stability of the walls under pressure. According to the concrete strength C30/C35/C40 and the thickness of the steel plates 1.25mm/1.75mm/2.5mm,42 short-column specimens are made, and the size of all specimens is 200mm×200mm×690mm.The bearing capacity test is done by the 500-ton electro-hydraulic serve testing machine. The strain of U-shaped tie bar and thin-walled steel are tested, and then the whole curve of compression process is obtained. The results show that the U-shaped tie bar has a very good role in bonding, and has good effects on improving buckling mode and the ductility of the components significantly. Concrete-filled thin-walled square steel tube short column fixed U-shaped tie bar has advantages on stronger post- deformability and more applicable to configuration compared with existing research achievements, and can provide a reference for engineering design.

Lateral Compressive Properties of Paper Tube

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunori Suda ◽  
Jiahui Yang ◽  
Takanori Kitamura ◽  
Kanta Ito ◽  
Kenji Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Lateral Compression ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Inherent Anisotropy ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing

Recycled paper is helpful to reduce trash discharge, save resource and cost. Tube is one of the most common structures of recycled paper in application. It is an excellent choice for packing. It’s also used in the construction of temporary structures for both exhibition spaces or for rapid-recovery shelters in emergency operations. As paper tubes are laminated by paperboards which are inherent anisotropy materials, the researches on mechanical property and fracture behavior became complicated. In the current study, paperboards used for paper tubes were tested on universal testing machine to investigate their basis mechanical properties. Then, paper tubes fabricated with different kinds of paperboard and number of ply were used to investigate lateral compressive properties by Instron universal testing machine. And, a camera was employed to record the fracture process of paper tube during compression process. The fracture mechanism of paper tubes were discussed and analyzed during compressed process based on the load-displacement curves and detailed observation. Additionally, ls-dyna software was used to conduct numerical simulation and analyze stress distribution of paper tube during lateral compression.

scholarly journals Using freezing spectra characteristics to identify ice-nucleating particle populations during the winter in the Alps

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 8123-8140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie M. Creamean ◽  
Claudia Mignani ◽  
Nicolas Bukowiecki ◽  
Franz Conen
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Cloud Ice ◽  
Precipitation Formation

Abstract. One of the least understood cloud processes is modulation of their microphysics by aerosols, specifically of cloud ice by ice-nucleating particles (INPs). To investigate INP impacts on cloud ice and subsequent precipitation formation, measurements in cloud environments are necessary but difficult given the logistical challenges associated with airborne measurements and separating interstitial aerosol from cloud residues. Additionally, determining the sources of INPs is important given the dependency of glaciation temperatures on the mineral or biological components and diversity of such INP populations. Here, we present results from a comparison of INP spectral characteristics in air, cloud rime, and fresh fallen snow at the High Altitude Research Station, Jungfraujoch. The goal of the study was twofold: (1) to assess variability in wintertime INP populations found in cloud based on wind and air mass direction during snowfall and (2) to evaluate possible INP sources between different sample types using a combination of cumulative INP (K(T)) and differential INP (k(T)) spectra. INP freezing temperatures and concentrations were consistently higher on average from the southeast as compared to the northwest for rime, snow, and especially aerosol samples, which is likely a result of air mass influence from predominantly boundary layer terrestrial and marine sources in southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa. For all three sample types combined, average onset freezing temperatures were −8.0 and −11.3 ∘C for southeasterly and northwesterly days, respectively, while K(T) were 3 to 20 times higher when winds arrived from the southeast. Southeasterly aerosol samples typically had a clear mode in the warm-temperature regime (i.e., ≥-15 ∘C) in the k(T) spectra – indicating a putative influence from biological sources – while the presence of a warm mode in the rime and snow varied. Evaluating K(T) concert with k(T) spectra exhibited variable modality and shape – depending on the types of INPs present – and may serve as a useful method for comparing different sampled substances and assessing the possible relative contributions of mixed mineral and biological versus only biological INP sample populations.

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimization of Processing Factors of Pumpkin Seeds Oil Extraction under Uniaxial Loading

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
Čestmír Mizera ◽  
Oldřich Dajbych ◽  
Petr Hrabě ◽  
David Herák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Uniaxial Loading ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Expression Efficiency ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Maxwell Models ◽  
Oil Expression ◽  
Processing Factors

In the present study, a Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the processing factors (force: 100, 150, and 200 kN; speed: 3, 5, and 7 mm/min; and temperature: 40, 60, and 80 °C) for extracting pumpkin seeds oil under uniaxial compression. The design generated 15 experiments including twelve combinations of factors and three replicates at the center point. The responses: oil yield (%), oil expression efficiency (%), and energy (J) were calculated, and the regression models determined were statistically analyzed and validated. The optimum factors combination: 200 kN, 4 mm/min and 80 °C predicted the oil yield of 20.48%, oil expression efficiency of 60.90%, and energy of 848.04 J. The relaxation time of 12 min at the optimum factors increased the oil efficiency to 64.53%. The lower oil point force was determined to be 57.32 kN for estimating the maximum oil output. The tangent curve and generalized Maxwell models adequately (R2 = 0.996) described the compression and relaxation processes of pumpkin seeds oil extraction. Peroxide value increased with temperatures. The study provides detailed information useful for processing different bulk oilseeds under uniaxial loading for optimizing the mechanical oil pressing in large-scale oil production.

Thermal Deformation Behavior and Formability of High Temperature with Corrosion Resistance Alloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Gyeong Uk Jeong ◽  
Jun Park ◽  
Chul Kyu Jin ◽  
Young Hoon Moon ◽  
Chung Gil Kang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Compression Process

The aim of present wor is, therfore, to investigated the effect of the damage value prediction equation on the formability of compression specimen and find the optimize forming condition.Although Inconel 625 alloys are excellent materials, Ni-base alloy cannot be formed at room temperature owing to limitation of formability. To improve the formability of Inconel 625, it is necessary to investigate the formability at a high temperature range.A high temperature compression test is performed with a Gleeble 3500 testing machine at various temperatures (approximately 900 1200°C) and strain rates (10/s and 30/s) to obtain high temperature deformation characteristics of Inconel 625. Furthermore, high temperature tensile tests results are used to measure elongations and reductions in the area of Inconel 625.A rigid-plastic finite element simulation is applied to the high temperature compression process to obtain the damage valueThe results of the hot deformation experiment and analysis are presented for various conditions of temperatures and strain rates, and it is expected that damage value will be used in hot forming processes such as hot extrusion and rolling process.

Study on Fatigue Crack Behavior in Welded Structure of DSS 2205

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 991-994
Author(s):  
Zhi Xiang Wang ◽  
Zheng Lun Wang ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Welded Structure

The fatigue crack growth behavior of weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal(BM) of Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) 2205 standard sample was tested in different stress ratios at HF fatigue testing machine. ANSYS analysis software was used to simulate the fatigue crack growth rate of the steel under different stress ratio. Regression equations and da / dK-ΔK curves of experiment and simulation are compared and analyzed. The results show that the fatigue crack growth rate of WM is slowest and the ability to resist fatigue crack growth is highest among the three parts, the lowest is BM. Secondly, the sensitivity of the rate caused by the stress change of WM is the highest, and the lowest is BM. The simulation of fatigue crack growth rate of DSS 2205 is completely correct and feasible by the experiment.

Finite Element Modeling of Raw Materials Milling Used in Food Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 1128 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Mirabela Ioana Lupu ◽  
Vasile Pădureanu ◽  
Valeriu Steriu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Experimental Researches

In a series of processes which occur in various processing industries, it is necessary that the raw materials, finished products or intermediate products to be grind to accelerate the technological phase, to obtain a product from raw materials or even only for commercialization the products [1]. Modeling program can be used to study and understand the behavior of an individual grain under compression stress. The results from previous studies have shown that the modeling program can be used [2] for predicting the grain deformation, the compression stress and the energy consumption obtained as a consequence of the grain compression process. This paper presents a comparison of a modeling and experimental study on the influence of the physical properties of a single corn seed on compression grinding process. The mathematical model by finite element method for the corn compression process is made in order to establish the forces that appear to the first cracks of the grain, to determine the maximum force of the corn compression, the deformations of the grain resulted after the compression and the energy consumption during the compression process. For this simulation it was used the mechanical structural module in 3D space of the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The experimental researches were carried out on an individual corn seed, using the materials testing machine Zwick / Roell 5 kN, to which was adapted the compression device [3]. In the experimental researches have been followed the same properties as at the mathematical modeling.

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