scholarly journals Design and Optimization of Fluidized Bed Reactor Operating Conditions for Struvite Recovery Process from Swine Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soomin Shim ◽  
Seunggun Won ◽  
Arif Reza ◽  
Seungsoo Kim ◽  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
...  

Struvite crystallization using fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) is one of the most commonly used methods for nutrient recovery from different waste streams. However, struvite recovery from swine wastewater containing much higher solids using FBR has not been studied extensively. In this study, we therefore designed and optimized the key operating conditions parameters, i.e., pH (9.0, 9.5, and 10.0), circulation rate (CR) (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 L/Lreactor·h), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (1, 3, and 5 h) of FBR to ensure efficient nutrient removal and struvite crystallization from swine wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) as experimental design. A magnesium/phosphorus (Mg/P) molar ratio of 1.3 was maintained with MgCl2 according to ortho-phosphate (O-P) concentration of influent and an air diffuser was set to supply air with 0.03 L air/Lreactor·min. The O-P recovery efficiency of over 91% was achieved through the entire runs. Among the operational parameters, pH did not show any significant effect on NH4-N recovery, particle size, and struvite production rate (SPR). The optimal CR over 2.94 L/Lreactor·h was found to be appropriate for efficient removal of nutrients and struvite crystallization. While optimizing the HRT, priority of the process operation such as the production of larger struvite particles or increased struvite productivity should be considered. Therefore, the optimal operational parameters of pH 9.0, CR > 2.94 L/Lreactor·h, and HRT of 1 or 5 h were chosen to obtain better responses through RSM analyses. The findings of this study would be useful in designing and operating either pilot- or full-scale FBR for struvite crystallization from swine wastewater.

2005 ◽  
Vol 486-487 ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Won Lee ◽  
H.B Kwon ◽  
Young Jin Kim ◽  
Hong Pyo Jeon

Nutrient removal and recovery from wastewater is being challenged to avoid eutrophication problems, and the discharge standards have also been tightened by water regulations. Therefore, this study was undertaken to recover the nutrients from both synthetic wastewater and swine wastewater in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). The operational parameters were changed to find out the optimum conditions for struvite formation. The most suitable pH was identified around pH 9. When the molar ratio of magnesium as Mg: P was 2:1 in the FBR, the removal efficiency of NH4-N and PO4-P was 79 and 90 %, respectively. The seed material was effective to form struvite in the condition of 30 g dosage. Struvite crystallization in reaction was completed in 20 minutes. The growth of struvite crystals was confirmed by the analysis of XRD, FT-IR and TG-DTA. In addition, the struvite was successfully recovered when the optimum conditions were applied to the swine wastewater.


2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.U. Kim ◽  
W.H. Lee ◽  
H.J. Lee ◽  
J.M. Rim

Precipitation of ammonium together with phosphate and magnesium is a possible alternative for lowering the nitrogen content of wastewater. In this study we examine the removal of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus from slurry-type swine wastewater containing high concentrations of nutrients by the addition of phosphoric acid along with either calcium oxide or magnesium oxide, which leads to the crystallization of insoluble salts such as hydroxyapatite and struvite. The struvite crystallization method showed a high capacity for the removal of nitrogen when magnesium oxide and phosphoric acid were used as the magnesium and phosphate sources, respectively. When it was applied to swine wastewater containing a high concentration of nitrogen, the injection molar ratio of Mg2+:NH4+:PO43- that gave maximum ammonium nitrogen removal was 3.0:1.0:1.5.


2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (44) ◽  
pp. 19522-19530
Author(s):  
Mateus V. C. da Silva ◽  
Amanda B. S. Rangel ◽  
Leandro G. Aguiar ◽  
Heizir F. de Castro ◽  
Larissa de Freitas

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chungheon Shin ◽  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
Perry L. McCarty ◽  
Jeonghwan Kim ◽  
Jaeho Bae

A bench-scale short-term test, developed to predict the long-term integrity of membranes with potential for use in anaerobic fluidized-bed membrane bioreactors, was used to evaluate several commercial hollow-fiber membranes. It was found that membrane performance varied widely, some membranes failing much more rapidly than others. Also found was that larger sizes of the fluidized media, in this case granular activated carbon (GAC), severely affected membrane structural integrity more than did smaller sizes, as did the method used for membrane attachment. Within the limits studied, the GAC packing ratio had only a minor impact. A decrease in membrane permeability that sometimes resulted during the testing and was caused by the deposition of fine GAC particles could be eliminated without membrane damage through simultaneous chemical cleaning and sonication. This new testing procedure should be useful for selecting membranes and reactor operating conditions to better ensure long-term operating performance of anaerobic fluidized-bed membrane bioreactors.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Chengxiu Wang ◽  
Xingying Lan ◽  
Jinsen Gao

In view of the current status of catalytic cracking flue gas treatment, it is necessary to study the flow environment of desulfurization ash particles, which are a type of Geldart C particle, in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) for semi-dry flue gas desulphurization using CFB technology. This study investigated the flow characteristics of desulphurization ash particles in a riser with an inner diameter of 70 mm and a height of 12.6 m, at a gas velocity of 4–7 m/s and a solids circulation rate of 15–45 kg/m2·s. The solids holdup in the axial distribution is relatively high near the bottom of the riser, and gradually decreases as the riser height increases, with a stable value from the middle to the top of the riser. In the radial distribution, the solids holdup of desulfurization ash particles is low in the center and high in the wall region. Within the above operating conditions, the solids holdup ranges from 0.008 to 0.025. The particle-based Archimedes number has a linear relationship with the solids holdup at all operating conditions.


2017 ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R.M. Abarca ◽  
R.S. Pusta ◽  
R.B. Labad ◽  
J.L.A. Andit ◽  
C.M. Rejas ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agarwal ◽  
Brian Lattimer ◽  
Srinath Ekkad ◽  
Uri Vandsburger

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Digital Image Analysis (DIA) were used to investigate the evolution of multiple inlet gas jets located at the distributor base of a two-dimensional fluidized bed setup. Experiments were conducted with varying distributor orifice diameter, orifice pitch, particle density, particle diameter, and fluidization velocity to understand the motion of particles in the grid-zone region of a fluidized bed. Results were used to develop a phenomenological model that quantifies the conditions throughout the entire grid-zone. The results and the model were further analyzed to understand the effect of operating conditions on the solid circulation dynamics of a multiple jet system fluidized bed. It was determined that the solid circulation rate increased linearly with an increase in the fluidization velocity until the jet system transitioned from isolated to an interacting system. The solid circulation increased at a much lower rate in the interacting system of jets. This sudden change in the solid circulation rate has not been reported in the literature possibly due to the lack of multiple jet studies. For multiple jet systems, this phenomenon may indicate the presence of an optimum operating condition with high circulation rate and low air input in the bed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Vicente Elicio Porfiro Sales Gonçalves Da Silva ◽  
Adriana Guimarães Costa ◽  
Hugo Leonardo de Brito Buarque ◽  
Raimundo Bemvindo Gomes

<p>O presente trabalho buscou determinar a cinética do processo de inativação de microrganismos indicadores de patogenicidade em efluentes de processos anaeróbios submetidos à desinfecção com peroxônio (O<sub>3</sub>+H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Para isso, realizou-se a otimização de parâmetros operacionais do processo, seguido do estudo cinético e do cálculo da energia de ativação. Para definir as condições ótimas de operação, realizaram-se três planejamentos experimentais a 30ºC: um de triagem e dois de otimização. Para o estudo cinético e o cálculo da energia de ativação, utilizaram-se três dosagens diferentes de peroxônio em quatro temperaturas: 25, 30, 35 e 40ºC. Com o planejamento experimental, observou-se que a dosagem de ozônio e a relação H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub> ótimas foram, respectivamente, 9,8 ppm e 2,2. Assim, para os ensaios cinéticos, fixou-se a razão molar em 2,2 e variou-se a concentração apenas de ozônio, utilizando 8, 10 e 12 ppm. O estudo cinético mostrou que, de forma geral, para qualquer temperatura, quando se aumenta a concentração de ozônio, diminui o tempo mínimo de inativação de Coliformes termotolerantes<em>. </em>A partir da menor concentração testada, 8 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> de O<sub>3</sub>, verificou-se que um tempo de contato de 5, 4, 2 e 1 minutos para, respectivamente, 25, 30, 35 e 40ºC, era necessário para atingimento da concentração de coliformes termotolerantes abaixo do valor de 5000 NMP/100mL. Na concentração de 10 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> de O<sub>3</sub>, era preciso apenas 1 minuto para as temperaturas de 25 a 35ºC, e menos que isso para a de 40ºC. Por fim, na concentração máxima estudada, 12 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> de O<sub>3,</sub>independente da temperatura, um tempo de contato de menos de um minuto era suficiente para enquadrar no valor limite mencionado. A energia de ativação encontrada está bem próxima daquela reportada para o cloro e é maior que outros processos alternativos de desinfecção. Assim, observa-se que o uso da peroxonização é promissor no tratamento de efluentes, especialmente os tratados de forma anaeróbia. </p><p> </p><p align="center">KINETICS OF THE INACTIVATION OF PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE DISINFECTION PROCESS WITH ADVANCED OXIDATION (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub>)</p><p>The present work sought to determine the kinetics of the inactivation process of microorganisms that indicate pathogenicity in effluents from anaerobic processes submitted to peroxonium disinfection (O<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). For this, the operational parameters of the process were optimized, followed by the kinetic study and the calculation of the activation energy. To define the optimal operating conditions, three experimental plans were carried out at 30ºC: one for screening and two for optimization. For the kinetic study and the calculation of the activation energy, three different dosages of peroxone were used at four temperatures: 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC. With the experimental planning, it was observed that the optimal ozone dosage and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub> ratio are, respectively, 9.8 ppm and 2.2. Thus, for the kinetic tests, the molar ratio was fixed at 2.2 and the ozone concentration was varied using 8, 10 and 12 ppm. The kinetic study showed that, in general, for any temperature, when the ozone concentration is increased, the minimum inactivation time of thermotolerant Coliforms decreases. From the lowest concentration tested, 8 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> of O<sub>3</sub>, it was found that a contact time of 5, 4, 2 and 1 minutes for, respectively, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC, was necessary to reach the concentration of thermotolerant coliforms below the value of 5000 NMP/100mL. At the concentration of 10 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> of O<sub>3</sub>, it took just 1 minute for temperatures of 25 to 35ºC, and less than that for 40ºC. Finally, at the maximum concentration studied, 12 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> of O<sub>3</sub>, regardless of temperature, a contact time of less than one minute was sufficient to fit the mentioned limit value. The activation energy found is very close to that reported for chlorine and is greater than other alternative disinfection processes. Thus, it is observed that the use of peroxonization is promising in the treatment of effluents, especially those treated anaerobically.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512
Author(s):  
Baker M. Abod ◽  
Ramy Mohamed Jebir Al-Alawy ◽  
Firas Hashim Kamar ◽  
Gheorghe Nechifor

The aim of this study is to use the dry fibers of date palm as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by fluidized bed column. The effects of many operating conditions such as superficial velocity, static bed height, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions were investigated. FTIR analyses clarified that hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups could be very effective for bio-sorption of these heavy metal ions. SEM images showed that dry fibers of date palm have a high porosity and that metal ions can be trapped and sorbed into pores. The results show that a bed height of 6 cm, velocity of 1.1Umf and initial concentration for each heavy metal ions of 50 mg/L are most feasible and give high removal efficiency. The fluidized bed reactor was modeled using ideal plug flow and this model was solved numerically by utilizing the MATLAB software for fitting the measured breakthrough results. The breakthrough curves for metal ions gave the order of bio-sorption capacity as follow: Cd(II)]Ni(II).


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