scholarly journals Biorefining Oat Husks into High-Quality Lignin and Enzymatically Digestible Cellulose with Acid-Catalyzed Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Rushab Chopda ◽  
Jorge A. Ferreira ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Organosolv Pretreatment ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Value Added Products

Oat husks are low-value lignocellulosic residues of oat processing that carry an environmental impact. Their polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) can be converted into a wide variety of value-added products; however, efficient pretreatment methods are needed that allow their fine separation for further tailored valorization. This study pioneered the use of milling-free and low acid-catalyzed ethanol organosolv for the delignification of oat husks, allowing their conversion into three high-quality streams, namely, glucan-rich, lignin-rich, and hemicellulosic compound-rich streams. Temperature, retention time, and solid-to-liquid ratio were found to impact the delignification of oat husks when using a one-factor-at-a-time strategy. The ideal conditions that were found (210 °C, 90 min, and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2) culminated into glucan and lignin fractions containing 74.5% ± 11.4% glucan and 74.9% ± 7.6% lignin, respectively. These high-purity lignin fractions open the possibility for higher value applications by lignin, potentially impacting the feasibility of second generation biorefineries. The glucan fraction showed 90% digestibility after 48 h of hydrolysis with 10 filter paper units of enzyme cocktail per gram of glucan. Considering the absence of size reduction and high solid loading, together with the quality of the obtained streams, organosolv pretreatment could be a potential strategy for the valorization of oat lignocellulosic residues.

Researchers' judgment criteria of high-quality answers on academic social Q&A platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Chengzhi Zhang ◽  
Daqing He ◽  
Jia Tina Du
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage

PurposeThrough a two-stage survey, this paper examines how researchers judge the quality of answers on ResearchGate Q&A, an academic social networking site.Design/methodology/approachIn the first-stage survey, 15 researchers from Library and Information Science (LIS) judged the quality of 157 answers to 15 questions and reported the criteria that they had used. The content of their reports was analyzed, and the results were merged with relevant criteria from the literature to form the second-stage survey questionnaire. This questionnaire was then completed by researchers recognized as accomplished at identifying high-quality LIS answers on ResearchGate Q&A.FindingsMost of the identified quality criteria for academic answers—such as relevance, completeness, and verifiability—have previously been found applicable to generic answers. The authors also found other criteria, such as comprehensiveness, the answerer's scholarship, and value-added. Providing opinions was found to be the most important criterion, followed by completeness and value-added.Originality/valueThe findings here show the importance of studying the quality of answers on academic social Q&A platforms and reveal unique considerations for the design of such systems.

scholarly journals Using Multivariate Statistical Methods to Analyze High-Quality Bicycle Path Service Systems: A Case Study of Popular Bicycle Paths in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7185
Author(s):  
Shinn-Jou Lin ◽  
Guey-Shin Shyu ◽  
Wei-Ta Fang ◽  
Bai-You Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Image Management ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Taiwan has promoted bicycle tourism for nearly 20 years, and the bicycle paths it has constructed throughout the island are diverse in design. In the present study, an evaluation scale for bicycle path sightseeing potential was devised with a focus on the overall service quality of the paths; 30 popular bicycle paths were analyzed using a field survey, with expert consultation on quantitative indicators, and a qualitative analysis entailing interviews with people regarding the bicycle paths. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the quality of the service systems for these paths. The results revealed that the quality of these service systems is influenced by four principal components, namely, landscape attractiveness, image management, bicycle-specific paths, and accessibility, for a total explanatory power of 76.21%; the individual explanatory power of these components was 25.89%, 21.49%, 16.81%, and 12.03%, respectively. Bicycle path conditions, service maintenance, and cleanliness and bicycle specificity are required for future high-quality bicycle paths; diverse bicycle rental services and bicycle types, entrance visibility, and ecological introduction boards along paths are value-added factors to bicycle path quality.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of biomass: a case study of ligno-cellulosics bioconversions in solid state fermentation

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Pandey ◽  
Carlos R. Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Feed Enzymes ◽  
Value Added Products

Lignocellulosic residues obtained from crops cultivation form useful sources to be used as substrate for bioconversion processes. Sugarcane bagasse, which is a complex substrate obtained from the processing of sugar cane, is an important biomass among such sources. Due to its abundant availability, it can serve as an ideal substrate for microbial processes for the production of value added products. This paper reviews recent developments on biological processes developed on production of various products in solid state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse as the substrate and describes production of protein enriched feed, enzymes, amino acid, organic acids and compounds of pharmaceutical importance, etc. through microbial means.

Turning of Cow Stomach, a Slaughter House By-product into Value-added Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1777-1783
Author(s):  
Umme Habiba Bodrun Naher ◽  
Md. Bazlur Rahman ◽  
Md. Tanjid Ahmed Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Shrinkage Temperature ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Value Added Products

This study investigates to turn the stomach of cow into exotic leather and then leather products that would add value to the end of leather industry. For this purpose, three pieces of cow stomachs are taken to convert into leather through pre-tanning, tanning and post tanning operations i.e. soaking, liming, deliming, bating, pickling, tanning, retanning, dyeing, fatliquoring, finishing etc. Some mechanical operations are also carried out, such as drying and stacking. Several mechanical investigations have been conducted, including tensile strength, stitch tear strength colour rub fastness and shrinkage temperature in order to assess the overall physical properties of prepared leather. Chemical analyses have also been carried out (chromic oxide content, fat content and pH) to find out the quality of leather. It is observed that tensile and stitch tear strengths are much lower than any of the grained upper leather. But the results demonstrate that colour rub fastness is good enough to meet the standard value. Among the different chemical analyses, pH and % of fat content meet the standard value, but chromic oxide content (%) of one sample is below than the standard value of grained upper leather. All these might be due to the prevalence of difference in composition between hide/skin and the stomach of animals. The prepared stomach leather could be used in making of fancy leather goods like key ring, wrist watch belt, hair clip, bracelet etc.

Forest management and end-product quality: a Canadian perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Barbour ◽  
Robert M. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Value Added Products

The level of silvicultural investment and area of forest land managed in Canada is rising dramatically. Although this will increase growth rates and help maintain the present level of harvest, it may well result in a reduction in the quality of the resource. The present paper illustrates the risk of ignoring this potential problem through examples of experience in utilizing plantation-grown trees in various parts of the world. Relying on technology to solve all resource quality problems may not necessarily make economic sense. Canada's future must lie in the production of "value-added" products that require a high quality resource, permitting the greatest flexibility in conversion options. Information relating silvicultural treatments to end-product quality is at present inadequate. Large integrated studies addressing these questions and the economics of silvicultural investments in terms of end-product value must be initiated for species that will be managed intensively. With relatively long rotations, Canada cannot afford to create a resource that does not match its future marketing strategy.

scholarly journals Seawater Temperature Prediction Method for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Otsuka ◽  
Yuji Kitazawa ◽  
Takayuki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Value Added Products

Aquaculture is growing ever more important due to the decrease in natural marine resources and increase inworldwide demand. To avoid losses due to aging and abnormalweather, it is important to predict seawater temperature in order to maintain a more stable supply, particularly for high value added products, such as pearls and scallops. The increase in species extinction is a prominent societal issue. Furthermore, in order to maintain a stable quality of farmed fishery, water temperature should be measured daily and farming methods altered according to seasonal stresses. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to estimate seawater temperature in marine aquaculture by combining seawater temperature data and actual weather data.

scholarly journals Value Addition to Cartosat-I Imagery

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 1261-1264
Author(s):  
M. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
User Interaction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Seed Point ◽  
Bundle Block Adjustment ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Remote Sensing Applications ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Value Added Products

In the sector of remote sensing applications, the use of stereo data is on the steady rise. An attempt is hereby made to develop a software suite specifically for exploitation of Cartosat-I data. A few algorithms to enhance the quality of basic Cartosat-I products will be presented. The algorithms heavily exploit the Rational Function Coefficients (RPCs) that are associated with the image. The algorithms include improving the geometric positioning through Bundle Block Adjustment and producing refined RPCs; generating portable stereo views using raw / refined RPCs autonomously; orthorectification and mosaicing; registering a monoscopic image rapidly with a single seed point. The outputs of these modules (including the refined RPCs) are in standard formats for further exploitation in 3rd party software. The design focus has been on minimizing the user-interaction and to customize heavily to suit the Indian context. The core libraries are in C/C<sup>++</sup> and some of the applications come with user-friendly GUI. Further customization to suit a specific workflow is feasible as the requisite photogrammetric tools are in place and are continuously upgraded. The paper discusses the algorithms and the design considerations of developing the tools. The value-added products so produced using these tools will also be presented.

scholarly journals Knowledge Intensive Production: The Case of the Furniture Industry

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Harris
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge ◽  
Value Added Products

New Zealand is currently debating its potential to contribute to what is commonly known as the "knowledge economy". In discussing the knowledge economy, politicians and certain academics tend to reduce it to industries such as information technology and biotechnology. However, both skill and design are forms of knowledge that are incorporated into value-added products such as high quality furniture. Denmark and Italy are two countries that have taken the lead in the export of such products.This paper explores the role of skill and design in the Italian and Danish furniture industry in comparison with developments in the NZ furniture industry.

Dexterous Creation of Soccer-Ball Pattern by Using Urethane Rubber

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Funatani ◽  
◽  
Keiichi Nakamoto ◽  
Anthony Beaucamp ◽  
Yoshimi Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Soccer Ball ◽  
Soft Objects ◽  
Value Added Products

It is important to establish new approaches to create value-added products, such as craftwork or artistic goods, that are different from traditional methods of realizing high-quality and low-cost products. Such a production technology is commonly called “dexterous machining.” This study addresses the creation of artistic products by using soft materials with complicated shapes by employing an aqueous solution of sodium acetate to fix a workpiece and to suppress the deformation. Experimental results show that the use of an aqueous solution of sodium acetate has the potential to realize the “dexterous machining” of soft objects.

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