scholarly journals Accumulation of Airborne Toxic Elements and Photosynthetic Performance of Lolium multiflorum L. Leaves

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Klaudia Borowiak ◽  
Anna Budka ◽  
Marta Lisiak-Zielińska ◽  
Anetta Hanć ◽  
Janina Zbierska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Medium Level

In this study, we aimed to investigate the accumulation of airborne trace elements in Lolium multiflorum leaves concerning photosynthetic activity parameters. Five sites for four 28-day series of plant exposition were selected. The concentration of trace elements in leaves was measured after each series, while photosynthetic activity parameters were measured three times during each series. Net photosynthesis rate (PN) and stomatal conductance (gs) were mostly negatively associated with all analyzed trace elements, unlike to CO2 concentrations (Ci). Arsenic was found with opposite trend in two exposure series. The high accumulation of Cd and Pb in plants recorded at two sites was mostly related to lowest PN and gs. Similar tendency for PN was found at sites and series with the highest Cr and Ni content in plants. L. multiflorum revealed a medium-level accumulation of trace elements and a low tolerance of the photosynthetic process to the presence of trace elements in ambient air.

scholarly journals Application of Anti-Transpirant to Control Sugar Accumulation in Grape Berries and Alcohol Degree in Wines Obtained from Thinned and Unthinned Vines of cv. Falanghina (Vitis vinifera L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Di Vaio ◽  
Clizia Villano ◽  
Maria Tiziana Lisanti ◽  
Nadia Marallo ◽  
Aurora Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Sensory Profiles ◽  
Vapor Gard

In the last few decades, the accumulation of sugar in grape berries and hence the alcohol degree of wines has been affected by increasing global temperatures. In order to limit plant photosynthetic activity, it is possible to apply anti-transpirant on field, reducing sugar accumulation in berries. In this contest, our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of the application of a di-1-p-menthene-based natural anti-transpirant (Vapor Gard®, VG) on Falanghina vines during 2013 and 2014. Plants were treated at veraison stage with VG and compared with water-sprayed ones for control. The experimental design included also bunch thinned (BT) plants treated with VG or water. The effect of VG and/or BT on grapes was evaluated through physiological measurements on vines and chemical analyses on berries and wines. Moreover, wine sensory profiles were produced. The results we obtained show that by applying anti-transpirant it is possible to induce a significant reduction of net photosynthesis rate (25%–40%) and stomatal conductance (40%–60%) on leaves, a lower sugar accumulation in berries (2 °Brix) and a consequent reduction of alcohol in the obtained wine (0.9%–1.6% vol.). These results suggest that anti-transpirant sprays could be a useful tool in reducing cost of yield manipulation, improving ripeness and reducing wine alcohol, without affecting the wine sensory profile.

Design and testing of twig chambers for ozone fumigation and gas exchange measurements in mature trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm M. Havranek ◽  
Gerhard Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Diurnal Courses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Design And Testing

SynopsisA twig chamber system was developed for the exposure of mature trees to ozone (O3) under field conditions. The fumigation system allowed the exact control of O3 concentrations in the chambers, the measurement of O3 uptake as well as gas exchange measurements under ambient and controlled conditions during and after O3 fumigation. Because of differences in individual twigs the system should provide the exposure of replicates to different O3 treatments. Tests showed that temperature, humidity and O3 concentrations inside the chambers were comparable with diurnal courses observed in the field. Comparative gas exchange measurements indicated that there were no differences in net photosynthesis and conductance of twigs outside the chambers and twigs which remained within the chambers for 23 weeks receiving ambient air.

Selection of tree species for forests under climate change: is PSI functioning a better predictor for net photosynthesis and growth than PSII?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1561-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pollastrini ◽  
Elisabetta Salvatori ◽  
Lina Fusaro ◽  
Fausto Manes ◽  
Riccardo Marzuoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Seasonal Temperature

Abstract A chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) assessment was carried out on oak seedlings (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus frainetto Ten.) of Italian and Greek provenance, during the years 2017 and 2018, in a common garden in central Italy planted in 2017. This trial aimed to test the relative performances of the oak species in the perspective of assisted migration as part of the actions for the adaptation of forests to climate change. The assessment of the photosynthetic performance of the tree species included the analysis of the prompt chlorophyll fluorescence (PF) transient and the modulated reflection (MR) at 820 nm, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance), plant growth (i.e., height) and mortality rate after 2 years from the beginning of the experiment. The assessment of the performance of the three oak species was carried out ‘in vivo’. Plants were generated from seeds and exposed to several environmental factors, including changing seasonal temperature, water availability, and soil biological and physical functionality. The results of PF indicate a stable functionality of the photosynthetic system PSII (expressed as FV/FM) across species and provenances and a decline in photochemistry functionality at the I–P phase (ΔVIP) in Q. frainetto, thus indicating a decline of the content of PSI in this species. This result was confirmed by the findings of MR analysis, with the speed of reduction and subsequent oxidation of PSI (VRED and VOX) strongly correlated to the amplitude of ΔVIP. The photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis, PN) and growth were correlated with the parameters associated with PSI content and function, rather than those related to PSII. The low performance of Q. frainetto in the common garden seems to be related to early foliar senescence with the depletion of nitrogen, due to suboptimal climatic and edaphic conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence allowed discrimination of populations of oak species and individuation of the less (or/and best) suitable species for future forest ecology and management purposes.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance of rock-colonising lichens in the Mountain Zebra National Park, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Wessels ◽  
Ludger Kappen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Volcanic Rock ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Desert Regions

The photosynthetic behaviour of endolithic andepilithic lichens characteristic of sedimentary and volcanic rock was investigated in situ in the Mountain Zebra National Park, South Africa. The park forms part of an inland semi-desert known as the Karoo, in the Cape Province. Temperatures within Balfour sandstone were monitored, the results showing that during the early morning, temperatures within the sandstone were nearly 5@C lower than ambient air temperatures. This may enhance the frequency of water condensing on the sandstone, which may be particularly important for the endoliths Leciclea aff. sarcogynoides and Sarcogyne cf. austroafricana. Maximum photosynthetic rates of the investigated species were found at temperatures between 20@C and 30@C, far higher than the recorded optimum temperatures for lichens from temperate and desert regions. Parmelia chlorea was the most productive species. Compared to the other epiliths, Peltula capensis was found to be a moderately productive species. The photosynthetic gain of Leciclea aff. sarcogynoides and Sarcogyne cf. austro-africana was low, but the photosynthetic gain of these two species still exceeded that of Acarospora sp.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of the particulate matter suspended in aerosols from the urban area of Belgrade

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasminka Joksic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic ◽  
Alena Bartonova ◽  
Mirjana Radenkovic ◽  
Karl-Espen Yttri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Within this study, attempts were made to characterize the coarse and fine particulate aerosol fractions in urban area of Belgrade and define the inorganic chemical composition of the aerosol fractions. For this purpose, daily deposits of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 aerosol fractions were collected during spring and autumn sampling periods in 2007 and analyzed for the PM mass concentrations, trace elements and secondary ions. The results obtained in the two campaigns showed average daily mass concentrations of 37 and 44 ?g/m3 for PM10, 22 and 23 ?g/m3 for PM2.5 and 15 and 17 ?g/m3 for the finest particulate matter fraction PM1 with the maximums exceeding the limit values set by the EU air quality regulations. A correlation with the gas-phase ambient air pollutants SO2, NO2 and O3 was found and is discussed. The concentrations of trace elements (Mg, Al, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb and Th) and secondary ions (NO3 -, SO4 2-, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+ and Na+) determined in the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 aerosol fractions showed levels and distributions indicating soil and traffic-related sources as the main pollution sources. This study was conducted as the first step of PM assessment in order to point out main air pollution sources and suggest a remedy strategy specific for this region.

Ambient Air Pollution Exposure, Biomonitoring and Birth Weight: an Approach Combining Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Leaves and Tradescantia Micronucleus (Trad- MCN) Assay

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Camila M. Villegas-Cintra* ◽  
Ligia V. Barrozo ◽  
Alfésio L. F. Braga ◽  
Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira ◽  
National Institute for Integrated Analysi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Effect of the Angle of Incidence of Light on the Net Photosynthesis Rates of Sorghum almum Leaves

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Yates
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Surface Irradiance ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Production ◽  
Angle Effect ◽  
The Common ◽  
Canopy Model ◽  
Reduced Surface

Modellers of plant canopy photosynthetic production make the assumption that there is no influence upon a leaf of the angle of incidence of parallel light it receives other than that arising from the geometrically reduced surface irradiance. This assumption was tested using attached leaves of Sorghum almum. Gas exchange measurements indicated that at oblique angles of incidence there was a marked reduction (up to 50% at 70�) in net photosynthesis rate below that expected on the basis of the reduced leaf surface irradiance. This 'angle effect' was shown to be at least partially the result of increased leaf reflectivity at oblique angles of incidence of light. The inclusion of this effect in a canopy model indicated that the common assumption tested could lead to a maximum overestimation of daily canopy production by about 7%.

scholarly journals Quantitative sampling and analysis of trace elements in atmospheric aerosols: impactor characterization and Synchrotron-XRF mass calibration

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richard ◽  
N. Bukowiecki ◽  
P. Lienemann ◽  
M. Furger ◽  
M. Fierz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Size Segregation ◽  
Ambient Aerosols ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Time Resolved

Abstract. Identification of trace elements in ambient air can add substantial information to pollution source apportionment studies, although they do not contribute significantly to emissions in terms of mass. A method for quantitative size and time-resolved trace element evaluation in ambient aerosols with a rotating drum impactor and synchrotron radiation based X-ray fluorescence is presented. The impactor collection efficiency curves and size segregation characteristics were investigated in an experiment with oil and salt particles. Cutoff diameters were determined through the ratio of size distributions measured with two particle sizers. Furthermore, an external calibration technique to empirically link fluorescence intensities to ambient concentrations was developed. Solutions of elemental standards were applied with an ink-jet printer on thin films and area concentrations were subsequently evaluated with external wet chemical methods. These customized and reusable reference standards enable quantification of different data sets analyzed under varying experimental conditions.

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