scholarly journals Lithium-Ion Batteries as Ignition Sources in Waste Treatment Processes—A Semi-Quantitate Risk Analysis and Assessment of Battery-Caused Waste Fires

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Thomas Nigl ◽  
Mirjam Baldauf ◽  
Michael Hohenberger ◽  
Roland Pomberger
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Yellow Region ◽  
Main Influence

Increasing occurrences of waste fires that are caused by improperly discarded lithium-based portable batteries threaten the whole waste management sector in numerous countries. Studies showed that high quantities of these batteries have been found in several municipal solid waste streams in recent years in Austria. This article reveals the main influence factors on the risk of lithium-based batteries in their end-of-life and it focuses on the quantification of damages to portable batteries during waste treatment processes. Hazards are identified and analysed and potential risks in waste management systems are comprehensively assessed. In two scenarios, the results showed that the potential risks are too high to maintain a sustainable form of waste management. According to the assessment, a small fire in a collection vehicle is located in the risk graph’s yellow region (as low as reasonably practicable, ALARP), while a fully developed fire in a treatment plant has to be classified as an unacceptable risk (red region of risk graph). Finally, basic recommendations for action were made.

scholarly journals Evolution of Internal Stress in Heterogeneous Electrode Composite during the Drying Process

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Zuoquan Zhu ◽  
Yaolong He ◽  
Hongjiu Hu ◽  
Fangzhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Stress ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Inactive Ingredients ◽  
Main Influence

The mechanical behavior of electrode composite during the drying preparation has played a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Our work aimed at developing an integrated analysis method to study the component distribution, mechanical properties, and internal stress of composite coating in the process of electrode drying. The main influence factors of drying stress were thoroughly investigated. It was found that this present model could capture not only the heterogeneity effect of inactive ingredients but also the porosity-dependent viscoelasticity of electrode composite. Meanwhile, the calculated effective modulus and stress evolution upon drying time were in acceptable accord with the experimental data. Furthermore, the rapid solidification markedly increased the drying stress in electrodes and significantly impaired the tensile strength of electrode composite due to the highly gradient distributed constituents. However, the stress level at high drying temperature could be significantly reduced by an aqueous sodium alginate binder instead of poly(vinylidene fluoride). The obtained results will be a great help in efficiently manufacturing LIB electrodes with adequate mechanical integrity.

Infrastructural disorder: The politics of disruption, contingency, and normalcy in waste infrastructures in Athens

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Kallianos
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Informal Practices

This paper considers infrastructure from the point of view of disorder. During the last few years, waste management controversies have proliferated in Greece, reflecting a generalized feeling of mistrust towards the authorities. In this context, and in relation to the socio-economic crisis that erupted there in 2010, a set of diverse and even antithetic practices, imaginations, and circulations of flows have (re)emerged around waste treatment processes. By looking at the intermingling of formal and informal practices around waste flows and landfill processes in Athens, the paper asks how uncertainty, contingency and instability shape the governance and everyday experience of waste infrastructures. Examining the ways in which the normalization of regular disruption and instability plays out in waste treatment in Athens, it makes the case for understanding disorder as inherent to infrastructure.

scholarly journals Policy Reform Towards Waste Management in Pontianak Municipality, West Kalimantan Indonesia (A SWOT Analysis and Lessons Learned from Kyoto City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (01) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Syaiful Rahman ◽  
Bambang Supriyono ◽  
Alfi Hariswanto ◽  
Masahisa Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
The Government ◽  
Waste Bank

This study aims to describe the current state of the implementation of waste management as part of public service provision in Pontianak Municipality, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. For this purpose, this study employed a qualitative descriptive approach by applying SWOT analysis accompanied by lessons learned from Japan. The findings indicated that there has been an increase in waste transportation services year by year and that the waste management carried out by Pontianak Municipality still primarily relies on landfill. Waste reduction efforts through 3R programs such as integrated waste treatment plant and waste bank have not shown significant results in reducing the generation of waste. Using SWOT analysis, several factors that affect the performance of waste management in Pontianak Municipality were identified. By considering those influencing factors and learning from best practices executed by Kyoto City, this study suggests that the government needs to develop an integrated waste management based on priority scale with measurable and realistic objectives, particularly those related to reduction and recycling activities as well as stakeholder‘s engagement.

The Assessment of the Waste Management Plan to Decommissioning of Cernavoda NPP for Environmental Impact Reduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Barariu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Impact Reduction

Most of the radioactive wastes generated in Romania, are due to nuclear activities related to power generation at Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant NPP Unit 1 and Unit 2. It is provided to construct 2 new Units, in the next period. In Romania, the Nuclear Agency & Radioactive Waste - AN&DR, has established the strategy on low and intermediate level waste disposal and has as objective the commissioning of Final Repository for Low and Intermediate Level Waste – DFDSMA, until 2019. This facility, is in the responsibility of AN&DR. On the other hand, wastes arising from Cernavoda NPP must be treated, in order to achieve the acceptance criteria of DFDSMA. Corresponding Radioactive Waste Treatment Plant - RWTP is in the responsibility of Cernavoda NPP. The main requirement for the RWTP is the necessity to achieve the treatment and conditioning of radioactive wastes that arise both, from NPP operation and from future decommissioning activities of the nuclear facilities, such as to comply with the acceptance criteria of DFDSMA. According to existing requirements, it is necessary to elaborate a Decommissioning Plan, in order to obtain the authorization for construction of the new units. The Decommissioning Plan of Cernavoda NPP will imply the development of a Waste Management Plan, based on existing waste treatment technologies. Taking into account that, the radioactive waste management represents about 43%, comparative with decommissioning activities, which represents only about 35% from total budget of decommissioning, of a CANDU 6 NPP Unit, the paper will present the methodology developed, in order to obtain the optimum Waste Management Plan, taking into account the reduction of environmental impact.

scholarly journals Influencing factors of Solid Waste Management global cost and efficiency: a multi-objective optimization focusing on the collection system

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Sofia Russo ◽  
Vittorio Verda
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Global Cost

Development of an Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system is a continuous challenge for local communities. These systems should be properly designed, paying particular attention to the optimal connection of their subsystems. Among them, the Solid Waste (SW) collection system has a primary influence. The design variables (e.g. unit collection basin and weekly removal) can be optimized according to the variation of external parameters (e.g. penetration of selective collection, population density). The objective is the minimization of specific collection cost, maintaining the maximum collection efficiency. Once the collection system is optimized, its influence on the entire SW treatment chain is evaluated. To this end, a multi-objective optimization is implemented taking into account the global cost and exergy efficiency of waste treatment. The analysed system is composed by a paper recycling plant for cardboard production and a Mechanical Biological Treatment plant for the Residual Unsorted Waste treatment, with production of Refused Derived Fuel.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management Practice in Mymensingh Municipal Area, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Mian ◽  
AK Paul ◽  
MD Alam ◽  
M Rasheduzzaman ◽  
ASM Saifullah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
The People ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
Waste Management Practice

The study was conducted to investigate the present solid waste management practice in Mymensingh municipal area especially in Ward 04 and 06. Huge solid wastes are generated every day in these wards but the waste management is not properly done because of their irregular waste management activities or unconsciousness. Maximum respondents discharged 1kg solid waste from their households per day and the respondents were 64%. Other 18% household discharged 0.5 kg and another 18% discharged 2 kg solid waste from their house per day. A majority percent of people dumps the produced solid waste in their living surroundings which produce various hazards in human health and environmental problems. This improper waste management can be managed by the regularity of management work, building awareness of the people and improving waste treatment. The municipality and other related NGOs should work together to solve these issues. It was revealed from the study that due to lack of people knowledge about solid waste management, lack of adequate budget for waste management, lack of available transport vehicles for waste management, lack of proper solid waste treatment plant etc. The total solid waste management system required following the recommendation which include proper planning, creating awareness, developing infrastructure, providing logistic support and finally involving NGOs, CBOs, public in this process. A sustainable solid waste management can be established which can lead the studied area to a healthy setting.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14813 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 193-198 2012

scholarly journals A model for reduction of transport-related CO2 emissions by optimizing industrial waste treatment facility location

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3 Part B) ◽  
pp. 1957-1967
Author(s):  
Ana Lukovic ◽  
Goran Petrovic ◽  
Zarko Jankovic ◽  
Srdjan Glisovic
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Waste Management ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
Industrial Waste Treatment

One of the objectives of industrial waste management is to reduce the amount of waste and to ensure its reuse in a way that allows notable improvement of resource efficiency. Location of a waste treatment plant is a strategic issue that require careful logistics system planning. The aim of this article is to create a model for solving the locationallocation problem of waste (i..e. secondary raw materials) treatment facilities, taking into account the territorial distribution, the type, and the quantity of secondary raw materials, the distance between waste-generating industries, as well as the CO 2 emissions from transport of secondary raw materials. The basic principle for defining a mathematical model is minimization of CO emissions from transport-related activities; 2 for this reason, modeling is based on the p median model that has been modified and put within the context of industrial waste management, including CO emissions from 2 transport. The location model is based on common industrial waste streams and CO 2 emissions from vehicles commonly used to transport secondary raw materials from generators to facilities. The verification of the model was performed through a case study that included the region of southeast Serbia. It confirmed usefullness of the proposed model for deciding on optimal locations for new industrial waste treatment plants.

scholarly journals Municipal waste management on the example of the Municipal Waste Management Company in Olsztyn - a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Jolanta Fieducik
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Waste Treatment Plant

This article presents the technological processes associated with waste management on the example of the Municipal Waste Treatment Plant in Olsztyn. Legal acts regulating waste management and the maintenance of cleanliness at the municipal level are discussed. The Municipal Waste Treatment Plant in Olsztyn processes waste from 37 municipalities in the Region of Warmia and Mazury. Waste transported to the plant is separated into sorted waste and mixed waste which undergoes further processing. An innovative solution in the country of drying waste mixed in bioreactors, where aerobic biodegradation occurs, was applied in Olsztyn. As a result of the temperature in this process, the waste is dried without additional energy from the outside. Processed waste is used in the production of alternative fuel. Around 5-15% of the collected waste is not fit for processing, and it is landfilled.

ORIENTASI EKONOMI DALAM SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DOMESTIK TERPADU DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprapto Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Treatment Processes

Environmental life cycle assessment on Integrated solid waste management hasdeveloped rapidly during the 1990s and has reached a certain level of harmonisation and standardisation. LCA has mainly been developed for analysing material products, but can also be applied to services, e.g. treatment of a particular amount of solid waste. This paper discusses some methodological issues which come into focus when LCAs are applied to solid waste management systems. The following issues are discussed. (1) Open-loop recycling allocation: besides taking care of a certain amount of solid waste, many treatment processes also provide additional functions, e.g. energy or materials which are recycled into other products. Two important questions which arise are if an allocation between the different functions should be made (and if so how), or if system boundaries should be expanded to include several functions. (2) Multi-input allocation: in waste treatment processes, different materials and products are usually mixed. In many applications there is a need to allocate environmental interventions from the treatment processes to the different input materials. (3) Time: emissions from landfills will continue for a long time.An important issue to resolve is the length of time emissions from the landfill should be considered. Effective schemes need the flexibility to design, adapt and operate systems in ways which best meet current social, economic and environmental conditions. These are likely to change over time and vary by geography. The need for consistency in quality and quantity of recycled materials, compost or energy, the need to support a range of disposaloptions and the benefit of economies of scale, all suggest that integrated waste management should be organized on a large-scale, regional basis. Any scheme incorporating recycling, composting or waste-to-energy technologies must be market-orientated. There must be markets for products and energy.Keywords : municiple solid waste management, economic orientation of waste

Cleansing and Dismantling of CEA-Saclay Nuclear Licensed Facilities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Jeanjacques ◽  
Isabelle Delaire ◽  
Rebecca Glévarec ◽  
Lionel Mandard ◽  
Jean-Louis Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment Plant

This summary presents the cleansing and dismantling operations currently realized on the CEA center of Saclay (CEA-Saclay). It was initiated at the beginning of the 2000 years a cleansing and dismantling program of the old Nuclear Licensed Facilities (NLF). Currently this program relates the dismantling operations to the Hot Laboratories (Laboratoires de Haute Activité: LHA) and the old workshops of the Liquid Waste Treatment Plant (Station des Effluents Liquides: STEL), the dismantling preparation of ULYSSE reactor and the dismantling studies to the Solid Waste Management Plant (SWMP; Zone de Gestion des Déchets Solides) and the OSIRIS reactor.

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