scholarly journals Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Internal Microelectrolysis with Fe-Cu: Optimization and Application on Real Coking Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Do Tra Huong ◽  
Nguyen Van Tu ◽  
Duong Thi Tu Anh ◽  
Nguyen Anh Tien ◽  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Plating ◽  
Internal Electrolysis ◽  
Phenol Decomposition

Fe-Cu materials were synthesized using the chemical plating method from Fe powder and CuSO4 5% solution and then characterized for surface morphology, composition and structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The as-synthesized Fe-Cu material was used for removal of phenol from aqueous solution by internal microelectrolysis. The internal electrolysis-induced phenol decomposition was then studied with respect to various parameters such as pH, time, Fe-Cu material weight, phenol concentration and shaking speed. The optimal phenol decomposition (92.7%) was achieved under the conditions of (1) a pH value of phenol solution of 3, (2) 12 h of shaking at the speed of 200 rpm, (3) Fe-Cu material weight of 10 g/L, (4) initial phenol concentration of 100.98 mg/L and (5) at room temperature (25 ± 0.5 °C). The degradation of phenol using Fe-Cu materials obeyed the second-order apparent kinetics equation with a reaction rate constant of k of 0.009 h−1L mg−1. The optimal process was then tested against real coking wastewater samples, resulting in treated wastewater with favorable water indicators. Current findings justify the use of Fe-Cu materials in practical internal electrolysis processes.

Phthalate degradation by glow discharge plasma enhanced with pyrite in aqueous solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1365-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chensi Shen ◽  
Shaoshuai Wu ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Sadia Rashid ◽  
Yuezhong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Glow Discharge Plasma ◽  
Methyl Tert Butyl Ether ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Polymeric Compound ◽  
X Ray

In order to prevent health risk from potential exposures to phthalates, a glow discharge plasma (GDP) process was applied for phthalate degradation in aqueous solution. The results revealed that the phthalate derivatives 4-hydroxyphthalic acid, 4-methylphthalic acid and 4-tert-butylphthalic anhydride could be degraded efficiently in GDP process (498 V, 0.2 A) with high removal efficiencies of over 99% in 60 minutes. Additionally, pyrite as a promising heterogeneous iron source in the Fenton reaction was found to be favorable for GDP process. The phthalate degradation reaction could be significantly enhanced by the continuous formation of •OH and the inhibition of the quenching reaction in the pyrite Fenton system due to the constant dissolution of Fe(II) from pyrite surface. Meanwhile, the initial pH value showed little impact on the degradation of phthalates and the energy efficiency of GDP system for phthalate degradation ranged between 0.280 × 10−9 and 1.210 × 10−9 mol/J, which is similar to the GDP system with phenol, bisphenol A and methyl tert-butyl ether as the substrates. Further, the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses indicated that the pyrite was relatively stable in GDP system and there was no obvious polymeric compound formed on the catalyst surface. Overall, this GDP process offers high removal efficiency, simple technology, considerable energy efficiency and the applicability to salt-containing phthalate wastewater.

Synthesis and Characterization of CdSe Nanoparticles with Cadmium Precursor Variation in Colloidal Synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeth Sarmiento Arellano ◽  
Enrique Rosendo ◽  
Román Romano ◽  
Gabriela Nieto ◽  
Tomás Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Cdse Nanoparticles ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Colloidal Synthesis ◽  
Cadmium Nitrate ◽  
X Ray

A comparative study of the synthesis of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles (NPs) using different cadmium precursors such as, cadmium nitrate (Cd (NO3)2·4H2O), cadmium acetate ((CH3COO)2Cd·2H2O) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2·2.5H2O) is presented in this work. The method used to obtain the CdSe NPs was the colloidal synthesis at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. The Cd2+ ions were obtained in aqueous solution at room temperature, the surfactant used in the process was an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), penta-sodium tripolyphosphate and H2O named commonly extran, which not only helps to stabilize the NPs, but also allows adjusting the pH of the solution. Se2- ions were obtained with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reductant at 75 oC. The by-products from the reaction were eliminated through a cleaning process with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Molar concentration of Cd:Se was varied from 3:1 to 1:3 and the pH value was varied between 8 and 11. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was seen that the obtained NPs present cubic centered face structure. The crystallite size from the powder was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation and was found between 3.3 nm and 5.6 nm, the variation in size depends on the molar concentration of cadmium and selenium. Morphological study was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compositional analysis was done by energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX).

Controllable Synthesis of Spheroid Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles by Rverse Microemulsion Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Tao Fan ◽  
Yan Rong Sun ◽  
Li Guo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Homogeneous Good

Spheroid hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by titrating Ca(NO3)2•4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 aqueous solution in the reverse microemulsion, which consists of mixed OP-10(surfactant), cyclohexane(oil phase), and isobutanol (cosurfactant).The structure and morphology of the prepared powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optimum composition was investigated via the analysis of the aqueous solution conductivity, and the mechanism of aqueous reaction. The effect of the pH value and the amount of surfactant on the particle size were studied. The results indicate that the best conditions are which the concentration of OP-10 and isobutanol both are 0.2 M, when the water content is between 130 ml-250 ml，it results in pure nano-hydroxyapatite spheroid-like powders, and the water content is about 200 ml, whose diameters are 50 nm-80 nm, and good particle diameter distribution, the particle microstructure is homogeneous, good crystal structure and higher crystallinity.

scholarly journals Optimization, Kinetics, Thermodynamic and Arrhenius Model of the Removal of Ciprofloxacin by Internal Electrolysis with Fe-Cu and Fe-C Materials

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2110
Author(s):  
Tra Huong Do ◽  
Xuan Linh Ha ◽  
Thi Tu Anh Duong ◽  
Phuong Chi Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Bich Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Arrhenius Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Chemical Plating ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Internal Electrolysis ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Pseudo First Order

The ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal ability of a Fe-Cu electrolytic material was examined with respect to pH (2–9), time (15–150 min), shaking speed (100–250 rpm), material mass (0.2–3 g/L), temperature (298, 308, 323) and initial CIP concentration (30–200 mg/L). The Fe-Cu electrolytic materials were fabricated by the chemical plating method, and Fe-C materials were mechanically mixed from iron powder and graphite. The results show that at a pH value of 3, shaking time 120 min, shaking speed 250 rpm, a mass of Fe-Cu, Fe-C material of 2 g/L and initial CIP concentration of 203.79 mg/L, the CIP removal efficiency of Fe-Cu material reached 90.25% and that of Fe-C material was 85.12%. The removal of CIP on Fe-Cu and Fe-C materials follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The activation energy of CIP removal of Fe-Cu material is 14.93 KJ/mol and of Fe-C material is 16.87 KJ/mol. The positive ΔH proves that CIP removal is endothermic. A negative entropy of 0.239 kJ/mol and 0.235 kJ/mol (which is near zero and is also relatively positive) indicated the rapid removal of the CIP molecules into the removed products.

Preparation and Fluorescence Properties of GdF3:Eu3+, NaGdF4:Eu3+ Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Lian Li Liu ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Tong Sun ◽  
Wan Na Gu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Molecular Fluorescence

The GdF3:Eu3+and NaGdF4:Eu3+powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method as raw material of Gd2O3, Eu2O3, NaF, NH4HF2, EDTA and polyethylene glycol. The powders were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, SEM microscopy and Molecular fluorescence photometer. It was discussed that the pH value of aqueous solution had affection on the phase composition of synthesized powders. The complex fluorides GdF3and NaGdF4were synthesized in aqueous solution at the pH values between 3 and 6. The synthesized powders were single hexagonal phase of NaGdF4 crystal at pH=8. It was also found that different fluorescence properties were exhibited by Eu3+doping powders synthesized at different pH values of aqueous solution. The synthesized powders of GdF3and NaGdF4were excellent fluorescence materials.

scholarly journals Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hybrid rGO@TiO2/CN Nanocomposite for Organic Pollutant Degradation under Solar Light Irradiation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Martina Kocijan ◽  
Lidija Ćurković ◽  
Tina Radošević ◽  
Matejka Podlogar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
X Ray

The three-component hybrid (rGO/TiO2/CN) nanocomposite was prepared in order to enhance the photocatalytic properties of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) under solar-like irradiation. The rGO/TiO2/CN was prepared in a mixture of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO, 8 wt%), anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, 16 wt%). It was self-assembled through the one-step hydrothermal method, followed by an annealing process. The photocatalyst was thoroughly characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2, TiO2/rGO, TiO2/CN and hybrid rGO/TiO2/CN nanocomposite was studied through the degradation of a rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under solar-like irradiation. The results showed that the highest photocatalytic activity was achieved by the rGO/TiO2/CN mixture, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the incorporation of both rGO and g-C3N4 with TiO2. Further, the influence of the pH value of the RhB dye aqueous solution and different water matrix (Milli-Q, tap, and alkaline water) on the photocatalytic efficiency of the rGO/TiO2/CN nanocomposite was examined. In addition, a recycle test was performed for hybrid rGO@TiO2/CN to investigate the effectiveness of the photodegradation of RhB dye in three successive cycles. The conducted results indicate that the pH value of RhB dye aqueous solution and water matrices play an important role in the photocatalytic degradation rate.

scholarly journals Internal Micro-electrolysis Using Fe/C Material for Pre-Treatment of Concentrated Coking Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Van Tu Nguyen ◽  
Tra Huong Do ◽  
Duy Nhan Vu ◽  
Tran Thi Kim Ngan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Electrolysis ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Untreated coking effluent presents a great challenge for sustainable development of the steel industry and environment preservation. In this study, an internal micro-electrolysis method using Fe/C materials was employed for pretreatment of real coking wastewater with high mass concentration. The Fe/C materials were prepared by Fe powder and graphite powder; and the characteristics of surface morphology, structure, composition of the synthesized materials were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of factors namely dosage of Fe/C material, treatment time, initial pH and temperature were investigated via chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal efficiencies. Optimal treatment efficiency was attained at pH of 4, Fe/C dosage of 40 g/L, treatment time of 360 minutes and temperature of 25°C. After the internal electrolysis process, the values of COD, BOD5, and phenol of the wastewater were 6500, 4850 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively.

Structural Study of a new Compound Based on Acid 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic (1,4-CDC)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Manel Halouani ◽  
M. Dammak ◽  
N. Audebrand ◽  
L. Ktari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid

One nickel 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate coordination polymers, Ni2 [(O10C6H4)(COO)2].2H2O  (I), was hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of Ni (NO3)2.6H2O, (1,4-CDC) (1,4-CDC = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) and tetramethylammonium nitrate. Compound (I) crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the C2/m space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 20.1160 (16) Å, b = 9.9387 (10) Å, c = 6.3672 (6) Å, β = 97.007 (3) (°), V= 1263.5 (2) (Å3) and Dx= 1.751g/cm3. The refinement converged into R= 0.036 and RW = 0.092. The structure, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, consists of two nickel atoms Ni (1) and Ni (2). Lots of ways of which is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, a carboxyl group and two water molecules.

Exploring the characteristics of the nickel oxide nanoparticles via Sol - gel method

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jothi M ◽  
Sowmiya K
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Average Crystalline Size ◽  
Nio Nanoparticles ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Nickel Oxide (NiO) is an important transition metal oxide with cubic lattice structure. NiO is thermally stable that is suitable for tremendous applications in the field of optic, ceramic,glass, electro-chromic coatings, plastics, textiles, nanowires, nanofibers, electronics,energy technology, bio-medicine, magnetism and so on. In this present study, NiO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel technique. Nano-sols were prepared by dissolving Nickel-Chloride [NiCl2.6H2O] in NaOH solvent and were converted into nano structured gel on precipitation. A systematic change in preparation parameters like calcination temperature, time, pH value has been noticed in order to predict the influence on crystallite size. Then the prepared samples were characterized by the X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopic (XRD), UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). From XRD, the average crystalline-size has been calculated by Debye-Scherrer Equation and it was found to be 12.17 nm and the band gap energy of Nickel oxide (NiO) from UV studies reveals around 3.85 eV. Further, EDX and FTIR studies, confirm the presences of NiO nanoparticles. The SEM study exhibits the spherical like morphology of Nickel oxide (NiO). Further from PSA, the mean value of NiO nanoparticles has been determined.

Heterogeneous Fenton Catalytic Removal of Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution by using Coal Gangue as a Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Jiwei Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Shuaixia Liu ◽  
Baoxiang Gu ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray

Background: Coal gangue was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton process for the degradation of azo dye and phenol. The influencing factors, such as solution pH gangue concentration and hydrogen peroxide dosage were investigated, and the reaction mechanism between coal gangue and hydrogen peroxide was also discussed. Methods: Experimental results showed that coal gangue has the ability to activate hydrogen peroxide to degrade environmental pollutants in aqueous solution. Under optimal conditions, after 60 minutes of treatment, more than 90.57% of reactive red dye was removed, and the removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) up to 72.83%. Results: Both hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical anion participated in the degradation of organic pollutant but hydroxyl radical predominated. Stability tests for coal gangue were also carried out via the continuous degradation experiment and ion leakage analysis. After five times continuous degradation, dye removal rate decreased slightly and the leached Fe was still at very low level (2.24-3.02 mg L-1). The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) indicated that coal gangue catalyst is stable after five times continuous reuse. Conclusion: The progress in this research suggested that coal gangue is a potential nature catalyst for the efficient degradation of organic pollutant in water and wastewater via the Fenton reaction.

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