Croton cajucara Essential Oil Nanoemulsion and Its Antifungal Activities

The purpose of this study was to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) containing Croton cajucara 7-hydroxycalamenene-rich essential oil (NECC) with antifungal activity. The NECCs were prepared using an ultrasonic processor with Pluronic® F-127 as the aqueous phase. In order to evaluate the NECCs, the droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI), percentage of emulsification, and pH were determined along with a stability study. The NECC selected for the study had 15% surfactant, showed 100% emulsification, Pdl of 0.249, neutral pH, droplet diameters of about 40 nm, and remained stable over 150 days at room temperature. In addition, the NECC activity against some species of Zygomycetes and Candida, as well as the potential to inhibit fungal extracellular proteases, were assessed, and, finally, the hemolytic activity was evaluated. The best NECC antifungal activities were against Mucorramosissimus (Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 12.2 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC = 25.6 μg/mL). The highest extracellular protease activities of M. ramosissimus and C. albicans were detected at pH 3 and 4, respectively, which were totally inhibited after NECC treatment. The NECC showed no hemolytic effect at the highest concentration tested (2 mg/mL).

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Antifungal activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) essential oil on Candida albicans

Ilmu Gizi Indonesia ◽

10.35842/ilgi.v3i1.128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Miftahur Rahmi ◽

Felicia Aileen Agustia

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Allium Cepa L

Background:Onions (Allium cepa L.) contain essential oil that have sulfur compounds called thiosulfinates or isothiocyanates which are known to have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test is needed to determine the minimum concentration of onion essential oil which can inhibit or kill fungus test. Objectives: To determine the antifungal activity of essential oil in onion (Allium cepa L.) and to find out the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on Candida albicans. Methods:This research was an experimental study with disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer) using Sabourond Dextrose Agar (SDA) media. Results: The results were obtained at concentrations of 20% (C1); 10% (C2); 5% (C3); 2.5% (C4); 1.25% (C5); 0.625% (C6); and 0.312% (C7) provided inhibition with an average diameter of 13.14 mm; 9.33 mm; 8.49 mm; 6.90 mm; 0 mm; 0 mm; and 0 mm respectively. Conclusion: Essential oil of onion (Allium cepa L.) could inhibit fungal growth of Candida albicans and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil onions (Allium cepa L.) indicated on concentration of 2.5% with a flat diameter average of 6.90 mm.

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THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS OF JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) RHIZOMES AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST Candida albicans

Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine ◽

10.24843/jhsm.2017.v01.i01.p09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wiwik Susanah Rita ◽

Retno Kawuri ◽

I Made Dira Swantara

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Trans Methyl

Acorus calamus L. rhizome was trusted having antibacterial activity. This study aimed to identify the compounds in the Acorus Calamus L. rhizomes essential oils and to recognize the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida albicans. The extraction of essential oils from rhizome was carried out by steam distillation technique. Identification of compounds in the oils was conducted by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS), while the antifungal test against Candida albicans was done by well diffusion method. Extraction of 10 kg of rhizomes produced 16.53 mL essential oil with a yield of 0.1653% (? = 1.066), the oil was brownish yellow and very flavorful. GC-MS analysis showed that the essential oil contained 11 compounds, they are (E)-3,7 dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene (trans-?-Ocimene) (3,73%), linalool (1,07%), ?-elemene (1,15%), trans methyl isoeugenol (7,68%), shyobunon (15,74%), bicyclogermakren (0,93%), dehidroxy-isocalamendiol (2,61%), ?-calacorene (3,34%), euasarone (26,84), cis-asarone (18,62%); dan trans- asarone (18,29%). Antifungal activity test showed that the growth and biomass inhibition of C. albicans increased with the increase of the oil concentration. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil toward C. albicans was 1% with the inhibition of 7.83 mm.

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ANTI-CANDIDA ALBICANS ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CITRONELAL WITH ANFOTERICIN B OR WITH CETOCONAZOLE

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2019.256_periodico31_pgs_250_257.pdf ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (31) ◽

pp. 250-257

Author(s):

Patrícia Duarte Costa SILVA ◽

Brenda Lavínia Calixto dos SANTOS ◽

Gustavo Lima SOARES ◽

Wylly Araújo de OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Amphotericin B ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

New Drugs ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Isolated Species

Fungal infections caused by species of the genus Candida are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Among fungi, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species of clinical specimens. A problem associated with increased resistance of pathogenic fungi to the agents used in the therapeutic regimen and the limited number of drugs to cure these infections. As a result, the search for new drugs with antifungal activity has become increasingly important. The aim of this study is to study the antifungal activity of citronellal alone and in combination with amphotericin B or ketoconazole. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of citronellal, amphotericin B and ketoconazole against strains of Candida albicans were evaluated by the microdilution technique, and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration of citronellal against the same strains was also performed. Through the checkerboard methodology the effect of the combination of citronelal with amphotericin B or with ketoconazole was determined. This study showed that the association of citronellal with ketoconazole was shown to be an additive against one of the strains of C. albicans and indifferent to another strain. While the combined activity of citronellal and amphotericin B demonstrated an indifferent effect on the strains tested.

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MANGIFERA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT ON FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BREAD VENDED WITHIN BAKORI, NIGERIA

Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i2.40710 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

ABDULAZIZ BASHIR KUTAWA ◽

SALMAN SADA BAKORI ◽

HABU MUSA

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Chemical Test ◽

Concentration Result ◽

Powdered Form

Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the antifungal activity of Mangifera indica leaves extract on fungi isolated from bread vended within Bakori. Methods: The powdered form of M. indica leaves was used to prepare the extract using ethanol, the leaves were air dried at room temperature for 10 days. Results: The chemical test was carried out to identify the secondary metabolites, some of the metabolites that were present include alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins. Both fungal isolates were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor spp. The antifungal activity of M. indica leaves extract was determined using agar well diffusion method on Aspergillus and Mucor spp. The results showed that the extract was found to inhibit A. niger at 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml with 13.9 mm, 11.5 mm, and 8.0 mm, respectively, and A. flavus at 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml with 13.6 mm, 11.2 mm, and 8.1 mm, respectively, while Mucor spp. was found to be resistant at 25 mg/ml while 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml showed an activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration result showed a promising activity against Aspergillus spp. at 25 mg/ml while Mucor spp. at 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: Therefore, M. indica leaf extracts can be used in the treatment of diseases or illness caused by Aspergillus and Mucor spp.

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Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Echinops kebericho Mesfin: An In Vitro Study

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/3101324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tamirat Bekele Beressa ◽

Serawit Deyno ◽

Paul E. Alele

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Standard Drug

Background. Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia widely used in the treatment of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Essential oils are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil from E. kebericho against four common pathogenic fungi and two standard strains. Methods. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The antifungal screening was done by agar well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined by subculturing fungal strains with no visible growth onto a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate. Results. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were highly sensitive while Aspergillus flavus did not show sensitivity up to 1 mg/ml of essential oil; MICs ranged from 0.083 mg/ml to 0.208 mg/ml. Concentration and fungal species showed significant dose-dependent associations ( p < 0.0001 ) with antifungal activity. The MICs of essential oil were comparable to those of the standard drug (fluconazole) against C. glabrata and C. krusei. The lowest MFC of the essential oil was observed against Candida parapsilosis (0.145 mg/ml) while the highest MFC was against Candida krusei (0.667 mg/ml). Conclusion. Echinops kebericho essential oil showed noteworthy antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata and could be a potential candidate for further antifungal drug development.

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Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Schinus weinmannifolius Collected in the Spring and Winter

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900940 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900

Author(s):

Camila Hernandes ◽

Silvia H. Taleb-Contini ◽

Ana Carolina D. Bartolomeu ◽

Bianca W. Bertoni ◽

Suzelei C. França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Action ◽

Pharmacological Profile

Reports on the chemical and pharmacological profile of the essential oil of Schinus weinmannifolius do not exist, although other Schinus species have been widely investigated for their biological activities. This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. weinmannifolius collected in the spring and winter. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC/MS and submitted to microdilution tests, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The oils displayed different chemical composition and antimicrobial action. Bicyclogermacrene and limonene predominated in the oils extracted in the winter and spring, respectively, whereas only the latter oil exhibited antifungal activity.

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Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) essential oil-in-water emulsions: impact of emulsifier type on the antifungal activity of Candida albicans

Food Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s10068-018-0499-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 441-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. E. Herrera-Rodríguez ◽

R. J. López-Rivera ◽

E. García-Márquez ◽

M. Estarrón-Espinosa ◽

H. Espinosa-Andrews

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oil In Water

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Antifungal activity of thymol against clinical isolates of fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant Candida albicans

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.008052-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1074-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Na Guo ◽

Jingbo Liu ◽

Xiuping Wu ◽

Xingming Bi ◽

Rizeng Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Concentration Index ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Standard Strain ◽

Antagonistic Action ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Interaction Intensity

Thymol (THY) was found to have in vitro antifungal activity against 24 fluconazole (FLC)-resistant and 12 FLC-susceptible clinical isolates of Candida albicans, standard strain ATCC 10231 and one experimentally induced FLC-resistant C. albicans S-1. In addition, synergism was observed for clinical isolates of C. albicans with combinations of THY–FLC and THY–amphotericin B (AMB) evaluated by the chequerboard microdilution method. The interaction intensity was determined by spectrophotometry for the chequerboard assay, and the nature of the interactions was assessed using two non-parametric approaches [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and ΔE models]. The interaction between THY–FLC or THY–AMB in FLC-resistant and -susceptible strains of C. albicans showed a high percentage of synergism by the FICI method and the ΔE method. The ΔE model gave results consistent with FICI, and no antagonistic action was observed in the strains tested.

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Synthesis, Characterization of Some Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives of 1-Bromo-2,4-dinitrobenzene and Their Antifungal Activities

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/685246 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (s1) ◽

pp. S85-S90

Author(s):

Abbas Ahmadi ◽

Babak Nahri-Niknafs

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Candida Krusei ◽

Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Derivatives Of

Six novel benzimidazole derivatives, 5-nitro-2-phenyl -1-ethyl benzimidazol (5), 2- (p-bromophenyl)- 5-nitro- 1-ethyl benzimidazol (6), 2- (p-bromophenyl-5-nitro-1–cyclopentyl benzimidazol (7), 2- (p-bromophenyl) -5-nitro-1-cyclopentyl benzimidazol (8), 5-amino-2-(p-bromophenyl)-1-ethylbenzimidazol (9) and 5-amino-2-(p-bromophenyl)-1-cyclopentyl benzimidazol (10) were synthesized. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated by using elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy). Some of these compounds showed potential antifungal activities. The biological activity of these compounds as fungicides was tested against Candida albicans, patient isolate Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. The biological activity of four compounds was found to be comparable to that of the commercially available fungicides with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 µg/mL.

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Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Origanum syriacum L.

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-58.10.1147 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1147-1149 ◽

Cited By ~ 148

Author(s):

RASHA K. DAOUK ◽

SHAWKY M. DAGHER ◽

ELSA J. SATTOUT

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Penicillium Species ◽

Origanum Oil ◽

Yeast Extract Sucrose

The volatile oil of the Lebanese Za'atar (Origanum syriacum L.) was characterized for its thymol and carvacrol content using gas-liquid chromatography. These two compounds constituted the major components of the oil and were present in equal proportions of 30% in the volatile oil extracted from the leaves and shoot tips of the Origanum plant during the preflowering stage. The percentage of carvacrol in the essential oil increased to 62% after flowering and maturation, while the concentration of thymol decreased to 14%. Origanum oil extracted from plants collected during midseason was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium species. The oil exhibited strong inhibitory action against the three fungi tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 0.1 μl/ml of yeast extract sucrose broth for the fungi tested.

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