Ancient Wheat Species: Biochemical Profile and Impact on Sourdough Bread Characteristics—A Review

In recent years, the attention of farmers, bakers and consumers towards ancient wheat species has been increasing. Low demands of pedo-climatic growth factors, the suitability for organic cultivation along with their high nutritional quality and their content in pro-health compounds make them extremely attractive for bakers and modern consumers, equally. On the other hand, in recent years, sourdough has gained attention due to its ability to produce new functionally active molecules with higher bioaccessibility and thus to produce bread with enhanced nutritional quality. This paper highlights the relevant nutritional profile of einkorn, spelt, emmer and Khorasan which could lead to bread with improved textural, sensorial, microbial and nutritional characteristics through sourdough fermentation. The ancient wheat species could be used as promising substitutes for common wheat flour for the design of innovative types of bread, even for special needs.

Download Full-text

Differential Responses of Two Broccoli (Brassica oleraceaL. var Italica) Cultivars to Salinity and Nutritional Quality Improvement

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/291435 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Chokri Zaghdoud ◽

Carlos Alcaraz-López ◽

César Mota-Cadenas ◽

María del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta ◽

Diego A. Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽

Nutritional Properties ◽

Specific Strategy ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Salinity Levels

The comparative responses of two broccoli cultivars (Brassica oleraceavar. Italica, cv. Parthenon and cv. Naxos) to a 15 d exposure to different NaCl levels were investigated. Salinity led to increased concentrations of Na+and Cl−ions in both cultivars, a disruption of the endogenous minerals levels in the shoots and roots—that varied with the cultivar and salt concentration—and decreases in the osmotic potential (Ψπ), root hydraulic conductance (L0), and stomatal conductance (Gs). The reduced biomass of Naxos at moderate NaCl indicates greater sensitivity to salinity, compared with Parthenon. Parthenon accumulated more soluble sugars, for osmotic adjustment, whereas Naxos accumulated proline, which gave the two cultivars differing nutritional characteristics. The total glucosinolates (GSLs) content was not affected by salinity in Parthenon while it decreased significantly in Naxos as a consequence of the decrease in the indole GSL. However, Naxos accumulated more aliphatic GSLs under salt stress than Parthenon, which confers on this cultivar a greater nutritional value when cultivated under salinity.These results suggest that, at distinct salinity levels, each broccoli cultivar adopts a specific strategy, indicating the crucial role of the genetic background on the organoleptic and nutritional properties that each cultivar acquires.

Download Full-text

Outcomes of gastrointestinal fistulas: Results from a multi-continent, multi-national, multi-center cohort

10.1101/2021.09.23.21262745 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Arenas Márquez ◽

María Isabel Turcios Correia ◽

Juan Francisco García ◽

Roberto Anaya Prado ◽

Arturo Vergara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Spontaneous Closure ◽

The Other ◽

Calf Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Type Of Surgery ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Cohort

SUMMARYRationaleGastrointestinal fistulas (GIF) represent a severe and potentially lethal complication of the hospital surgical activity. However, evidences are lacking about prognosis and outcomes of GIF in Latin America (LATAM) hospitals.ObjectiveTo describe the prognosis and outcomes GIF in LATAM hospitals.Study designProspective, longitudinal, cohort-type study. The cohort fostered three cross-sectional examinations: First examination: On admission of the patient in the study; Second examination: Thirty days later; and Third (and last) examination: Sixty days after patient’s admission.Study serieOne hundred seventy-seven patients (Males: 58.2 %; Average age: 51.0 ± 16.7 years; Ages ≥ 60 years: 36.2 %) diagnosed with, and assisted for, GIF (ECF: Enterocutaneous: 64.9 % vs. EAF: Enteroathmospheric: 35.1 %) in 76 LATAM hospitals (13 countries) and Europe (4).MethodsCondition (Alive vs. Deceased) and hospital status (Hospitalized vs. Discharged) of the patient, and the GFI patency (Closed vs. Non closed) were recorded in each of the cohort’s examination. Indicators of GFI prognosis thus constructed were correlated demographical, sanitary, surgical and nutritional characteristics of the patientsResultsOn conclusion of the study indicators of GIF prognosis behaved as follows: Mortality:14.7 %; Prolonged hospitalization: 47.4 %; Spontaneous closure of GIF: 36.2 %. Type of GIF influenced upon patient’s survival: ECF: 87.0 % vs. EAF: 82.3 % (Δ = +4.7 %; χ2 = 6.787; p < 0.05). In each examination of the cohort, the number of surviving subjects was always greater among those with ECF: After 30 days: ECF: 92.1 % vs. EAF: 83.9 % (Δ = +8.2 %); After 60 days: ECF: 98.1 % vs. EAF: 90.4 % (Δ = +7.7 %; χ2 = 13.764; p < 0.05). On the other hand, hospital stay was prolonged in the subjects of elective surgery (Elective surgery: 61.4 % vs. Emergency surgery: 38.3 % (Δ = +23.1 %; χ2 = 9.064; p < 0.05) and those with a reduced calf circumference (χ2 = 12.655; p < 0.05). Location of the fistula also influenced upon prolongation of hospital stay (χ2 = 7.817; p < 0.05).ConclusionsType of GIF influences upon survival of the patient. On the hand, hospital stay was dependent upon type of surgery previously performed, location of the fistula, and calf circumference value on admission in the study serie.

Download Full-text

Impact of mineral and organic absorbent during the discoloration of avocado oil by comparing with olive oil

Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences ◽

10.4314/jcas.v16i2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 113-121

Author(s):

Orléans Ngomo ◽

Joseph Sieliechi ◽

Etienne Dongo

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

The Other ◽

Added Value ◽

Avocado Oil ◽

Before And After ◽

Valuable Product ◽

Cie Lab

Avocado is a versatile and valuable product. Its oil is comparable to olive oil in terms of nutritional quality. It can also be used in cosmetics, in particular, in soaps, shampoos and lotions. Despite all these important attributes that avocado has, it is highly perishable and coupled with the lack of farm-to-market roads, a lot of it is lost after harvest during the peak season. The introduction of methods that will transform avocado to products with a long shelf life and added value will go a long way to solving the problem of post-harvest losses and poverty. One of these methods is the production of avocado oil. In addition, in order to reduce the colour of the pigments without altering their quality, discoloration tests were carried out by adsorption on bleaching grounds (a montmorillonite, a kaolinite and activated carbon). The colour intensities of the oils before and after adsorption were determined using two complementary methods: a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a Konica Minolta spectrophotometer CM-5. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer show that the activated carbon has a best fixing capacity of the pigments; According to the Colorimetric parameters (CIE-Lab) the coordinates L* a* b* that showed brightness (L*) of the avocado oil was half of the olive oil (41.13±0.02 vs 84.85±0.02). The activated carbon was better in fixing the red (a*) (4.99±0.01vs 15.73±0.01 before adsorption) and yellow (b*) (63.71±0.09 vs 70.07±0.09 before adsorption) pigments, while the other two adsorbents have very little influence on the red colour of avocado oil. RésuméL’avocat est un produit versatile et de grande valeur. Son huile est comparable à huile d’olive en terme de qualité nutritionnelle ; elle peut également être utilisée en cosmétique en occurrence dans les savons, champoings et lotions. En pleine saison, l’on fait face à une abondance des avocats dans les zones de production qui sont très souvent enclavées ; c’est ainsi que face aux difficultés de transport et les routes peu praticables pour l’importation, l’on se retrouve en train de perdre de très importantes quantités d’avocats après les récoltes. Or la production d’huile d’avocats permettrait de réduire les pertes post récolte, réduirait le chômage et permettrait de lutter contre la pauvreté après la vente des huiles extraites. De plus, dans le but de réduire les pigments colorés, des tests de décolorations effectués par adsorption sur des terres décolorantes (une montmorillonite en provenance de Maroua, une kaolinite en provenance de Douala et le charbon actif) sont effectués. Les couleurs des huiles mesurées avant et après adsorption à l’aide deux appareils complémentaires : Le spectrophotomètre UV-Vis et du Konica Minolta spectrophotomètre CM-5 montrent. Les analyses spectrophotométriques UV-Vis montrent que c’est le charbon activé qui présente la meilleure adsorption des pigments ; D’après les coordonnées L*a*b*, la clarté de l’huile d’avocat est pratiquement la moitié de celle de l’huile d’olive (41,13±0,02 contre 84,85±0,02), le charbon activé fixe mieux les pigments rouges (a*) (4,99±0,01 contre 15,73±0,01 avant adsorption) et jaunes (b*) (63,71±0,09 contre 70,07±0,09 après adsorption), tandis que les deux autres adsorbants influencent très peu sur la coloration des huiles.

Download Full-text

Organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of fillets of pirapitinga fed different protein sources in a biofloc system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Hernán Antonio Alzate Díaz ◽

Adriana Patricia Muñoz Ramírez ◽

Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano ◽

Sandra Clemencia Pardo Carrasco

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Biofloc Technology ◽

Sensory Analyses

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the organoleptic and nutritional quality of fillets of cultured pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus), fed diets with either partial or total substitution of fishmeal, and to determine the nutritional quality of the biofloc meal. Fish were cultured in 500-L tanks with 84 fish m-3, treated with biofloc technology (BFT), and fed three isoproteic diets (24% crude protein, CP) formulated with the following protein sources: soybean meal (SM); soybean meal + fishmeal (SM+FM); and soybean meal + spirulina (SM+SP). After 84 days of culture, microbiological, nutritional, and sensory analyses were carried out on fillets with skin and without scales. There were not significant differences for dry matter, CP, moisture, and fat content between treatments. The fatty acid profile showed 21.3±1.03% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs = ω-3 + ω-6), 37.11±1.29% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and 41.58±1.34% saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The protein sources soybean meal and spirulina do not affect the fillet quality of pirapitinga nor the nutritional quality of biofloc meal.

Download Full-text

The effect of leguminous plant species onCallosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its egg parasitoidUscana lariophaga(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300041596 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. van Huis ◽

M. de Rooy

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Development Time ◽

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

The Other ◽

Leguminous Plant ◽

Trade Off ◽

Storage Pest

AbstractThe performance of the egg parasitoidUscana lariophagaSteffan was studied when reared on eggs of the bruchid storage pest,Callosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius) developing in seeds of cowpea, chickpea and pigeonpea. The beetle laid more and larger eggs on pigeonpea than on cowpea and chickpea, indicating that there was not a trade-off between number and size of the eggs. The bruchid larvae reared on pigeonpea exhibited a longer development time and a higher mortality than those reared on cowpea and chickpea. The resulting males weighed less than those reared on cowpea and chickpea. The trichogrammatidU. lariophagaparasitized more eggs whenC. maculatuswas reared on chickpea than when reared on the other hosts. Parasitoid larvae developed slowest and had the highest mortality in eggs ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea compared to those reared on cowpea and chickpea; the sex ratio (% of females) of the resulting adults was also higher. The high mortality and long development time ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea indicated that this legume was less favourable toC. maculatusthan chickpea or cowpea. This was probably also true for the parasitoid since the mortality was higher and development longer in eggs ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea compared to those reared on cowpea and chickpea. Therefore, when host eggs were larger and of lower nutritional quality, the proportion of female egg parasitoids was greater.

Download Full-text

Treatment of Striae Alba using Fractional Radiofrequency with and without Lyophilized Growth Factors

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab093.036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Marwa M. A Abdallah ◽

Ahmed Abd Elfattah Afify ◽

Nuha Hussain Ali Al-Rubaiay

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Collagen Synthesis ◽

The Other ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Patients Satisfaction ◽

Satisfaction Rate

Abstract Background Various treatment modalities have been applied to treat striae alba with low satisfaction rate. Fractional Microneedling radiofrequency provides deep dermal coagulation, thereby inducing collagen synthesis and tissue tightening. The addition of platelet lyophilized growth factors may add to the effect of fractional Microneedling radiofrequency. Objectives To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of fractional Microneedling radiofrequency alone or combined with lyophilized growth factors in the treatment of striae alba. Methods In this left-right comparative study, 25 patients suffering from striae alba on the abdomen received sessions of fractional microneedling radiofrequency with lyophilized growth factors on one side and with saline (as placebo) on the other side at 4 weeks interval. Patients‘ satisfaction was evaluated at the end of study using a questionnaire (Patients were asked the following questions: Are you satisfied with this treatment (completely satisfied, satisfied, partially satisfied, or not satisfied)?. Results There was a significant improvement in striae alba after treatment in both the lyophilized growth factors (p = <0.0001) and placebo sides (p = <0.0001), the lyophilized growth factors being superior (p = 0.002). Patient satisfaction was more on the LGF side (p = 0.034),where 6 versus 3 patients were completely satisfied. Erythema and hyperpigmentation were less on the lyophilized growth factors side. Conclusion The combination of fractional microneedling radiofrequency and lyophilized growth factors improves striae alba outcome.

Download Full-text

Endocrine and local testicular regulation

Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.9018 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1347-1353

Author(s):

Ilpo Huhtaniemi

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Leydig Cell ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Regulatory System ◽

The Other ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Testicular Function ◽

Cell Product ◽

Stimulating Hormone

The testis has two functions, androgen production and spermatogenesis, and a key role in their regulation is played by the two pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Other hormones and growth factors also influence testicular function, often by modulating the gonadotropin effects. Moreover, a plethora of local paracrine and autocrine signals within the testis are known. The main testicular hormone, testosterone, a Leydig cell product, regulates spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules in paracrine fashion. The other functions of testosterone are endocrine, occurring outside the testis. This chapter summarizes the main hormonal regulatory system of the testis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, and how its effects are modulated by other extratesticular hormones and local testicular factors.

Download Full-text

THE INHERITANCE OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN SEVEN VARIETIES OF COMMON WHEAT

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps61-047 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 342-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

R. G. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Susceptible Variety ◽

The Other ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Type Reaction ◽

Biological Studies

The inheritance of seedling resistance to races 1a, 5a, 11, 15a and 126a of leaf rust was studied in the varieties Exchange and Selkirk and to races 1a and 15a in the varieties Lee, Gabo, Timstein, Mayo 52 and Mayo 54. Thatcher was used as the susceptible variety. Rust tests were carried out on F1 and F2 populations of diallel crosses among these varieties and on F2 families from the backcrosses to Thatcher. Two genes were found. One gene LrE conditions a (2) type reaction to all five races in Exchange and Selkirk. The other gene LrL conditions a (; 1 =) type reaction to races 1a and 15a in all seven varieties. Isogenic lines possessing these genes are being developed in the varieties Prelude and Thatcher. The importance of such lines in future genetic studies and their application in other biological studies are discussed.The increase in amount of leaf rust found on Lee and Selkirk in Canada during the period 1951–1958 is accounted for by the increase of races which render the gene LrL ineffective in these two varieties.

Download Full-text

Comparative Study on Gluten Protein Composition of Ancient (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt) and Modern Wheat Species (Durum and Common Wheat)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8090409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Geisslitz ◽

Longin ◽

Scherf ◽

Koehler

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Gluten Protein ◽

Wheat Species ◽

Factor Productivity ◽

Modern Wheat ◽

Partial Factor Productivity ◽

Partial Factor

The spectrophotometric Bradford assay was adapted for the analysis of gluten protein contents (gliadins and glutenins) of spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn. The assay was applied to a set of 300 samples, including 15 cultivars each of common wheat, spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn cultivated at four locations in Germany in the same year. The total protein content was equally influenced by location and wheat species, however, gliadin, glutenin and gluten contents were influenced more strongly by wheat species than location. Einkorn, emmer and spelt had higher protein and gluten contents than common wheat at all four locations. However, common wheat had higher glutenin contents than einkorn, emmer and spelt resulting in increasing ratios of gliadins to glutenins from common wheat (< 3.8) to spelt, emmer and einkorn (up to 12.1). With the knowledge that glutenin contents are suitable predictors for high baking volume, cultivars of einkorn, emmer and spelt with good predicted baking performance were identified. Finally, spelt, emmer and einkorn were found to have a higher nitrogen partial factor productivity than common and durum wheat making them promising crops for a more sustainable agriculture.

Download Full-text

STUDIES ON THE HYPOANEUPLOIDS OF COMMON WHEAT. III. PRODUCTION OF SEXTUPLE MONOSOMICS

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g76-032 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 255-261

Author(s):

Shoji Shigenaga

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

The Other ◽

Chromosome Behavior ◽

A Genome

Two kinds of sextuple monosomics for A-genome chromosomes, namely, one plant simultaneously deficient for chromosomes 1A, 2A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A and the other deficient for 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A, were produced in a systematic way in the variety Chinese Spring. Sextuple monosomics (15″ + 6′) were selected in the progenies of crosses between quintuple monosomics (16″ + 5′) and nullisomics (20″) which lacked the sixth pair of chromosomes. The sextuple monosomics were smaller, with reduced vigor and later maturity, compared with normal plants. They showed stable chromosome behavior in meiosis and retained fertility in both sexes. Female gametes with n = 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 produced from the quintuple monosomics functioned well in fertilization.

Download Full-text