scholarly journals Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles in the 2004 Nimitz Encounter

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Knuth ◽  
Robert M. Powell ◽  
and Peter A. Reali
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Sonic Booms ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Estimate Lower

A number of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit `impossible’ flight characteristics. We consider the 2004 UAP encounters with the Nimitz Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from 75 g to more than 5000 g with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations, the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising. The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on Earth. In the case of the Nimitz encounters the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that these are technologically advanced craft.

scholarly journals Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Knuth ◽  
Robert M. Powell ◽  
Peter A. Reali
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Sonic Booms ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Estimate Lower

A number of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit 'impossible' flight characteristics. We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the Nimitz Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost 100g to 1000s of g's with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations, the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising. The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel. That is, if these observed accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time.

scholarly journals Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Knuth ◽  
Robert M. Powell ◽  
Peter A. Reali
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Sonic Booms ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Estimate Lower

Several Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit `impossible’ flight characteristics. We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the Nimitz Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost 100 g to 1000s of gs with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations, the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising. The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel, i.e., if these observed accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time.

scholarly journals Construction and insulation of agricultural buildings and structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Boris Efimov ◽  
Oleg Rubtsov ◽  
Igor Bessonov ◽  
Andrey Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Weather Impacts ◽  
Storage Facilities

The article covers different application aspects of the products made of polyethylene foam within the scope of insulation systems of framed and frameless constructions used in the quality of storage premises, logistic objects, agricultural storage facilities and livestock facilities as well as framed residential buildings. Agricultural storage facilities, livestock facilities, covered parking areas for agricultural machinery and some types of storage premises represent the agricultural construction facilities which require the established protection systems against excessive heat losses as well as monitoring of the state of the internal environment - its temperature and humidity. These structures are built based on one of three schemes: frameless type, framed type with a rigid coating and framed type with a tent coating. The insulation of buildings constructed before 2010 is predominantly characterized by usage of mineral wool plates (with a protective facade covering) or sandwich panels. The main problem of suchlike coverings is the impossibility of creating an insulating coating without joints, seams or gapless junctions to the base. Mineral wool plates, in case of destruction of the waterproof coating, contact with water and firstly lose their thermal and physical properties, and then – come to the destruction themselves. Sandwich panels are more resistant to weather impacts, but create a coating with huge quantity of cold bridges and paths of convective air transfer through gaps or openings.

Sharp Analytical Lower Bounds for the Price of a Convertible Bond

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Diffusion Models ◽  
Bond Pricing ◽  
Convertible Bond ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Analytical Approximations ◽  
Markov Diffusion

Analytical approximations for the price of a convertible bond within defaultable Markov diffusion models are derived in this article. Because convertible bond pricing requires time-consuming finite difference or tree pricing methods in general, such proxy formulas can help to calibrate model parameters more efficiently. The derivation is based on the idea of “Europeanizing” the American conversion option of the holder. Hence, the quality of the approximations stands and falls with the value of the early conversion premium. In practice, the latter is typically close to zero, which implies that the analytical lower bounds are incredibly sharp.

scholarly journals Use of Statistical Methods for Audit Purposes

2017 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Т. О. Kamenska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Sample Representativeness ◽  
Statistical Sample

The issue related with use of statistical methods in practical work of auditors, for sample studies purposes, is discussed. Detailed description of one method, the method of sequential analysis, is given. It is demonstrated that the required conditions for use of the sequential statistical sample is homogeneity of the population elements and the sample representativeness. Recommendations on defining the homogeneity and number of elements in a sample are given. To assure high quality of a sample study, an auditor needs to set the value of reliability or trust, characterizing the level of requirements to the accuracy of the obtained results which are the input for estimating the distortion and the size of population. The risk of sample as a factor affecting the reliability is described, their causal link is highlighted. The elements are sampled by use of the table of random numbers or computer software. Results of tests of sampled elements and estimated parameters of the population are presented in table and graph forms. Results of tests of each population element are estimated by an auditor, with the distortion of the sum of the sample elements taken as the benchmark. Formulae for computation of the required indexes are given, used at each phase of the study. The algorithm for use of the sequential statistical sample in audit for document verification procedures, and the algorithm for estimating the population parameters by the results of a sample study are shown.

scholarly journals Correlation of Heat and Cold Tolerance in Iranian Tall Fescue Ecotypes with Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Osmotic Adjustment

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068
Author(s):  
Mohamad-Hossein Sheikh-Mohamadi ◽  
Nematollah Etemadi ◽  
Mostafa Arab
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Excessive heat or cold usually reduces the growth and quality of turfgrass. Genetic variations along with efficient biochemical and physiological mechanisms can diversify the tolerance to heat and cold. This study examined the effects of heat and cold stress on several biochemical and physiological parameters in Iranian tall fescue ecotypes (Festuca arundinacea L.). The control group of plants was maintained under optimal temperatures, whereas other groups were exposed to heat or cold in a growth chamber. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with stress treatments as the main plots and ecotypes as subplots. Physiologically and biochemically, the results revealed that three ecotypes (‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’) of the eight ecotypes examined in this study had better abilities to survive the simulated heat and cold stress. Better tolerance to heat and cold in the ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes were probably due to higher levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities, maintenance of lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), higher levels of proline and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), along with a more efficient osmotic adjustment. Diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities increased significantly in ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes. In summary, the strength of tolerance among ecotypes can be ranked as ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA5’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under heat stress and ‘FA5’> ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under cold stress.

scholarly journals Selection of catchment descriptors for the physical similarity approach. Part II: Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
M. Heřmanovský ◽  
P. Pech
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Physical Similarity ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
Soil Moisture Accounting ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

This paper demonstrates an application of the previously published method for selection of optimal catchment descriptors, according to which similar catchments can be identified for the purpose of estimation of the Sacramento – Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model parameters for a set of tested catchments, based on the physical similarity approach. For the purpose of the analysis, the following data from the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) project were taken: a priori model parameter sets used as reference values for comparison with the newly estimated parameters, and catchment descriptors of four categories (climatic descriptors, soil properties, land cover and catchment morphology). The inverse clustering method, with Andrews’ curves for a homogeneity check, was used for the catchment grouping process. The optimal catchment descriptors were selected on the basis of two criteria, one comparing different subsets of catchment descriptors of the same size (MIN), the other one evaluating the improvement after addition of another catchment descriptor (MAX). The results suggest that the proposed method and the two criteria used may lead to the selection of a subset of conditionally optimal catchment descriptors from a broader set of them. As expected, the quality of the resulting subset of optimal catchment descriptors is mainly dependent on the number and type of the descriptors in the broader set. In the presented case study, six to seven catchment descriptors (two climatic, two soil and at least two land-cover descriptors) were identified as optimal for regionalisation of the SAC-SMA model parameters for a set of MOPEX catchments.

scholarly journals Active stabilization of unmanned aerial vehicle imaging platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 1791-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Verma ◽  
Vicente Lafarga ◽  
Mael Baron ◽  
Christophe Collette
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Active Stabilization ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Active Vibration ◽  
Improved Performance

The advancement in technology has seen a rapid increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for various applications. These unmanned aerial vehicles are often equipped with the imaging platform like a camera. During the unmanned aerial vehicle flight, the camera is subjected to vibrations which hamper the quality of the captured images/videos. The high-frequency vibrations from the unmanned aerial vehicle are transmitted to the camera. Conventionally, passive rubber mounts are used to isolate the camera from the drone vibrations. The passive mounts are able to provide reduction in response near the resonance. However, this comes at the cost of amplification of response at the higher frequency. This article proposes an active vibration isolation system which exhibits improved performance at the higher frequencies than the conventional system. The active isolation system consists of a contact-less voice coil actuator supported by four springs. Experiments are carried out to study the effect of vibrations on the quality of images captured. The characterization of drone vibrations is also carried out by recording the acceleration during different flight modes. The performance of the proposed isolation system is experimentally validated on a real drone camera subjected to the recorded drone acceleration spectrum. The isolation system is found to perform better than the conventional rubber mounts and is able to reduce the vibrations to a factor of one-fourth. It can be effectively used to improve the image acquisition quality of the unmanned aerial vehicles.

scholarly journals Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: QoS Provisioning in Aerial Ad-Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirshna Kumar ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Omprakash Kaiwartya ◽  
Ajay Sikandar ◽  
Rupak Kharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Provisioning ◽  
Smart Services ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Hoc Networks

Aerial ad-hoc networks have the potential to enable smart services while maintaining communication between the ground system and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Previous research has focused on enabling aerial data-centric smart services while integrating the benefits of aerial objects such as UAVs in hostile and non-hostile environments. Quality of service (QoS) provisioning in UAV-assisted communication is a challenging research theme in aerial ad-hoc networks environments. Literature on aerial ad hoc networks lacks cooperative service-oriented modeling for distributed network environments, relying on costly static base station-oriented centralized network environments. Towards this end, this paper proposes a quality of service provisioning framework for a UAV-assisted aerial ad hoc network environment (QSPU) focusing on reliable aerial communication. The UAV’s aerial mobility and service parameters are modelled considering highly dynamic aerial ad-hoc environments. UAV-centric mobility models are utilized to develop a complete aerial routing framework. A comparative performance evaluation demonstrates the benefits of the proposed aerial communication framework. It is evident that QSPU outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of a number of service-oriented performance metrics in a UAV-assisted aerial ad-hoc network environment.

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