scholarly journals A Review of Glass Fibre Recycling Technology Using Chemical and Mechanical Separation of Surface Sizing Agents

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Jih-Hsing Chang ◽  
Ya-Shiuan Tsai ◽  
Pei-Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Sizing

Glass fiber is widely used in various modern industrial applications because it has the advantages of good electrical insulation performance and good process ability. Inevitably, some flawed glass fiber generated during manufacturing processes becomes waste and, in recent years, the treatment or recycling of glass fiber waste has become an environmental concern. Since glass fiber is brittle, non-wearing, and can easily generate static electricity after friction, the surface of glass fiber must be coated with a wetting agent (i.e., surface sizing agent) to overcome these disadvantages. However, glass fiber waste cannot be directly recycled as glass raw materials due to the presence of the surface sizing agent and the high content of sodium element. Therefore, there is a need to develop a feasible technology for removal of surface sizing agent in order to recycle glass fiber waste. In this study, two methods were used to remove surface sizing agent from glass fiber waste. After removing the surface sizing agent, the treated glass fiber waste can replace sand particles for manufacturing controlled low-strength material (CLSM). The first method for removing surface sizing agent used different organic solvents such as ethyl acetate to dissolve the surface coating (i.e., surface sizing agent). Then, an optical microscope was used to observe the surface changes before and after such removal treatments. The second method involved grinding glass fiber waste into a fine powder and heating it to a high temperature. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyze the surface characteristics of the glass fiber waste. The experimental results showed that different organic solvents could not effectively remove the surface sizing agent, even if the glass fiber waste was processed by ultrasonic vibration for 5 h. In contrast, after high heating at 800 °C for 2 h, the surface sizing agent could be removed, and glass fiber waste transformed to cristobalite. The CLSM concrete produced by mixing cristobalite with cement in an appropriate proportion can meet the CLSM specification standard in Taiwan.

Effects of Etching on Zircon Grains and its Implications for the Fission Track Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Tello Sáenz ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Campos Curvo ◽  
Airton Natanael Coelho Dias ◽  
Cleber José Soares ◽  
Carlos José Leopoldo Constantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Fission Track ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Track Method ◽  
Zircon Fission Track ◽  
Natural Zircon

Studies of zircon grains using optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been carried out to characterize the surface of natural zircon as a function of etching time. According to the surface characteristics observed using an optical microscope after etching, the zircon grains were classified as: (i) homogeneous; (ii) anomalous, and (iii) hybrid. Micro-Raman results showed that, as etching time increases, the crystal lattice is slightly altered for homogeneous grains, it is completely damaged for anomalous grains, and it is altered in some areas for hybrid grains. The SEM (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS) results indicated that, independent of the grain types, where the crystallinity remains after etching, the chemical composition of zircon is approximately 33% SiO2:65% ZrO2 (standard natural zircon), and for areas where the grain does not have a crystalline structure, there are variations of ZrO2 and, mainly, SiO2. In addition, it is possible to observe a uniform surface density of fission tracks in grain areas where the determined crystal lattice and chemical composition are those of zircon. Regarding hybrid grains, we discuss whether the areas slightly altered by the chemical etching can be analyzed by the fission track method (FTM) or not. Results of zircon fission track and U-Pb dating show that hybrid and homogeneous grains can be used for dating, and not only homogeneous grains. More than 50 sedimentary samples from the Bauru Basin (southeast Brazil) were analyzed and show that only a small amount of grains are homogeneous (10%), questioning the validity of the rest of the grains for thermo-chronological evolution studies using zircon FTM dating.

scholarly journals Archaeometric Characterisation of Decorated Pottery from the Archaeological Site of Villa dei Quintili (Rome, Italy): Preliminary Study

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Natalia Rovella ◽  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽  
Luciana Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Materials Used

This work focused on the study of decorated pottery dated back to the 16th century from the Roman archaeological site of Villa dei Quintili, a monumental complex located in the south-eastern part of Rome (Italy). A minero-petrographic and geochemical study was undertaken to analyse five archaeological samples in order to define textural features and raw materials used for their production, along with the chemical and physical composition of the superficial decorative glazed coatings. For this purpose, different analytical methods were used, such as polarising optical microscope (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron microprobe analysis coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EMPA-EDS). The results of such a multidisciplinary approach allowed us to achieve important results crucial to recognise the shards as majolica of the Renaissance period, improving knowledge about manufacturing processes of these renowned painted ceramic artefacts.

Nanotube Morphology Changes of Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt Alloys with Ta Content for Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4807-4812
Author(s):  
Hye-Ri Cho ◽  
Han-Cheol Choe
Keyword(s):  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pt Alloy ◽  
Pt Alloys ◽  
Morphology Changes

In this study, nanotube morphology changes of Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt alloys with Ta content for biomaterials were researched using various experimental instruments. Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt alloys were manufactured in an Ar atmosphere using a vacuum arc-melting furnace with Ta contents of 10 and 50, and then heat-treated at 1100 °C for 1 hr. Nanotube formation of Ti–xTa–Ag–Pt (x = 10, 50 wt%) alloys were performed using a DC power of 30 V in 1.0 M H3PO4 + 0.8 wt% NaF electrolyte solution. Surface characteristics were investigated using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Image analyzer (Image J). Ti–10Ta–Ag–Pt alloy had a needle-like structures, and Ti–Ti–50Ta–Ag–Pt showed the mixed structure (equiaxed and needle-like structures). As the Ta content increased, the α-phase decreased and the β-phase increased. The highly ordered nanotubes were formed on the β-phase, whereas disordered nanotubes were formed on needle-like structure of α-phase in Ti–10Ta–Ag–Pt alloy. As the Ta content increases, large and small nanotube diameters became smaller in size. Anatase and rutile phases were formed on the alloy surface. Ta, Ag, and Pt elements were uniformly distributed over the entire surface and at the edge or inside of the nanotube.

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Residual Clay Occurrences in Idi-Ayunre and Akure Areas, Southwestern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewole J. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porphyritic Granite

<p class="zhengwen">Three residual clay occurrences in Idi-Ayunre, and Akure areas which belong to the Precambrian basement complex of southwestern Nigeria were investigated for their mineralogical, chemical and industrial properties. The investigation was to evaluate their industrial applications and economic importance. The clay within the weathered profiles above banded gneiss at Idi-Ayunre is whitish with red spots, whereas the clays derived from profiles above porphyritic granite and granite gneiss in Akure are grayish and brown in color respectively.</p><p class="zhengwen">The X-ray diffraction studies show that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral, goethite, microcline, quartz, albite are the major non clay minerals in the samples. Chemical data showed that the average values of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were 52.3. 30.29 and 3.54 wt% respectively constituting 86.13% of the bulk compositions.</p>Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristic, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage values show that the brownish Idi-Ayunre clay, gray and brown Akure kaolinitic clays could serve as raw materials for ceramics, building bricks, and other structural wares

scholarly journals Covellite (CuS) Production from a Real Acid Mine Drainage Treated with Biogenic H2S

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Magalhães Pereira Silva ◽  
Adriano Reis Lucheta ◽  
José Augusto Pires Bitencourt ◽  
Andre Luiz Vilaça do Carmo ◽  
Ivan Patricio Ñancucheo Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Acid Mine

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental problem associated with mining activities, which resulted from the exposure of sulfur bearing materials to oxygen and water. AMD is a pollution source due to its extreme acidity, high concentration of sulfate, and soluble metals. Biological AMD treatment is one alternative to couple environmental amelioration for valuable dissolved metals recovery, as a new source of raw materials. Covellite (CuS) particles were synthetized from an AMD sample collected in a Brazilian copper mine, after 48 and 96 h of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced in a bioreactor containing acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The time of exposure affected the morphology, nucleation, and size of CuS crystals. CuS crystals synthetized after 96 h of H2S exposure showed better ordination as indicated by sharp and intense diffractograms obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the predominance of placoid sheets with hexagonal habit structure as observed by scanning electrons microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry indicated a Cu:S molar ratio in agreement with CuS. Granulometric analysis demonstrated that 90% of CuS particles were less than 22 µm size. AMD biological treatment is a potential economical CuS recovery option for metallurgical process chain incorporation, or new industrial applications, since the alteration of synthesis conditions can produce different crystal forms with specific characteristics.

Ultrafine Glass Fibers Produced by Centrifugal-Spinneret-Blow Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Xue Yu Cheng ◽  
Zhao Feng Chen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Fiber Sample ◽  
Heat Flow Meter ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, glass fibers were prepared by centrifugal-spinneret-blow(CSB)process. The diameter and microstructure of glass fibers have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and vertical optical microscope(VOM).The thermal conductivity and the thickness of glass fiber samples were determined by heat flow meter thermal conductivity instrumentation.The results indicated that the diameter of glass fibers prepared by CSB process can reach the ultrafine grade by adjusting the ratio of raw materials and process parameters.The thermal conductivity of glass fiber sample was 0.0298W/(m·K)when the diameter was 3μm and the density was 62kg/m3.The thermal conductivity of glass fiber sample decreased with the reduction of fiber diameter when the density of glass fiber sample is constant.

Metallographic Characterization of a Ti-Containing Low-Density Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel in As-Cast Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 1812 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mejía ◽  
Gladys Y. Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dendritic Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallographic Technique ◽  
Cast Condition

ABSTRACTLow-density steels, with an excellent combination of outstanding mechanical properties, ultimate tensile strength and specific weight reduction, have been attracting great attention as a new group of materials in many industrial applications, particularly in the automotive industry. The aim of this work was to characterize the microstructure of a Ti-containing low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C steel in the as-cast condition. For this purpose, Ti-containing low-density steel was melted in an induction furnace using high purity raw materials and cast into a metal ingot mold. Chemical composition of the studied steel was Fe-32Mn-7.0Al-2.2C-0.5Ti (wt%). Samples were prepared by standard metallographic technique (grinding and polishing) and chemically etched with 2% nital solution, in order to reveal the dendritic microstructure. Microstructure observations were performed by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical nature of the present phases was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray. X-ray diffraction was performed at room temperature using a diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. Phase equilibria by thermodynamic calculations for the studied steel were performed using JMatPro® software package. In general, results revealed a finer dendritic microstructure composed of ferritic matrix and austenite islands. The presence of ferrite and austenite in the steel was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Determination of the Chemical Compositions of Clay Deposits from Some Part of South West Nigeria for Industrial Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
A.I. Inegbenebor ◽  
A.O. Inegbenebor ◽  
R.C. Mordi ◽  
N. Kalada ◽  
A. Falomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
South West ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Industry Standards

Clay is one of the major raw materials in ceramics, paint and paper industries. In this paper, a report is given on the chemical composition of clay deposits in Ilaro and Ikorodu, South West Nigeria and their suitability as raw materials in the above mentioned industries is suggested by comparison of their composition with industry standards. The clay samples were activated with H2SO4 and their moisture content was determined. The mineral content of the clays was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, which showed significant presence of Si, Al, Fe, and Ti. The morphology of the clays was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) in combination with X-ray analysis. The investigation revealed the agglomeration of the particles of quartz and rutile on the surface structure of the activated clays. The results obtained from their observed properties and chemical compositions indicate that these clays are suitable for use in the ceramics, paint and paper industries. This proposition is supported by reduction in moisture contents of the activated clay samples from both Ilaro and Ikorodu.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 21-26

scholarly journals Petrological, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characterization of Anka (Zamfara State) Manganese Ore

NanoNEXT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Gbadamosi Y.E ◽  
Alabi O.O ◽  
Ola-Omole O.O ◽  
Adetula Y.V
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Machine

Manganese deposit reserves exist in Nigeria, which have potentials as raw materials for industrial applications such as batteries, steel and electrical appliances. The present level of exploitation of Manganese is very low and, in most cases, appropriate processing would be necessary to attain desirable qualities. This paper provides petrological, chemical and mineralogical characterization of manganese ore in Anka area of Zamfara state, Nigeria. A chip of about 1/8 of an inch and about 1 inch by 1 inch was cut from the lumps of Anka (Zamfara state) manganese sample using rock cutter, after which their surfaces were trimmed and the chip was mounted on a grinding machine to make the surface smooth. The samples were mounted on a slide and viewed using Leica Petrological Microscope. 500 g of the ore was weighed using digital weighing balance. The sample was crushed and ground until 80% passing of 250µm is achieved. The ground ore was blended homogenously before the analysis while for the ore microscopy study, true fraction representative of the manganese ore samples were prepared, polished mounts and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope-energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX). However, X-ray Fluorescence was used to determine the chemical composition while identification of the associate mineral phase was done using X-ray Diffraction. From the petrological analysis carried out on the crude samples reveals the presence of heavy mineral and segregation distribution of the mineral. The XRF results shows 77.81% MnO, 60.26% Mn, 10.9% Fe2O3, 4% Al2O3 while Spessartine (3MnO.Al2O3, 0.830), Silicon oxide (SiO2, 1.122), Quartz (SiO4, 0.728), Pyrolusite (MnO, 1.543), and Almandine (Fe3Al2SiO12, 1.583) were identified as the major phases in the ore.

Effect of Dispersant Amount to Fabrication of 3-D Porous Cordierite through Gelcasting Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Fakhruddin Mokhtar ◽  
Hasmaliza Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cordierite Ceramic ◽  
Porous Cordierite

In this research, cordierite was produced using oxide based raw materials (MgO, SiO2 and Al2O3) through glass route method. A mixture of raw material was gone through melting at 1550 °C followed by water quenching. Glass powder produced were then milled for 5 hour to get fine powder. Cordierite powder produced was then used to prepare 3-D porous cordierite ceramic. In this research, gelcasting method was choosen. The dispersant amount added in the cordierite slurry was varied (2.5-5.5g). The cordierite pellet were then characterized using x-ray difraction. Results shows high purity (99%) cordierite was obtained. The porosity and compressive strength were tested. The porosity show when increasing the dispersant amount, the porosity will decrease. For compressive strength increase when the dispersant amount increase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document