scholarly journals Benefit Analysis and Regulatory Actions for Imported Palm Kernel Shell as an Environment-Friendly Energy Source in Taiwan

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Tien Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

In response to the lack of locally natural sources and the environmental concerns about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, using a wide variety of biomass residues as energy sources has attracted much attention in the past two decades. The purpose of the case study was to examine the energy use of imported palm kernel shell (PKS) in Taiwan, which has generated superheated steam for the end users in the industrial sector. In this work, characterizing the thermochemical properties of imported PKS (including proximate analysis, elemental analysis and calorific value) was first conducted by the standard test methods. Based on the statistics of imported PKS and the method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the preliminary benefit analysis of PKS-to-energy was further addressed in the paper to verify its equivalent GHG emission mitigation. The results showed the annual benefit of equivalent GHG mitigation of about 78,647 metric tons (using annual imported PKS of 60,000 metric tons on an average). In addition, the economic benefit for purchasing PKS in the industrial boilers can gain the cost-down at approximately NT$60,000,000 (US$2,000,000) in comparison with that of fuel oil. Furthermore, the regulatory measures for upgrading PKS-to-energy and countermeasures for controlling air pollutant emissions from PKS-to-energy facilities were briefly summarized to create another circular economy. Finally, some technological recommendations have been addressed to upgrade the added values of imported PKS in Taiwan.

Effects of combustion temperature on air emissions and support fuel consumption in full scale fluidized bed sludge incineration: with particular focus on nitrogen oxides and total organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
Margit Löschau
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
Sludge Incineration

This article describes a pilot test at a sewage sludge incineration plant and shows its results considering the impacts of reducing the minimum combustion temperature from 850°C to 800°C. The lowering leads to an actual reduction of the average combustion temperature by 25 K and a significant reduction in the fuel oil consumption for support firing. The test shall be used for providing evidence that the changed combustion conditions do not result in higher air pollutant emissions. The analysis focusses on the effects of the combustion temperature on nitrogen oxides (NOx) and total organic carbon emissions. The evaluation of all continuously monitored emissions shows reduced emission levels compared to the previous years, especially for NOx.

scholarly journals Future Global Air Quality Indices under Different Socioeconomic and Climate Assumptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Reis ◽  
Laurent Drouet ◽  
Rita Dingenen ◽  
Johannes Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Future socioeconomic developments and climate policies will play a role in air quality improvement since greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions are highly connected. As these interactions are complex, air quality indices are useful tools to assess the sustainability of future policies. Here, we compute new global annual air quality indices to provide insights into future global and regional air quality, allowing for the evaluation of the sustainability of climate policies. We project the future concentrations of major the air pollutants for five socioeconomic pathways covering a broad range of climate radiative forcing targets in 2100, using a fast transport chemistry emulator and the emission database produced for the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Our findings show that climate policies are very relevant in reducing air pollution exposure by mid-century. Climate policies will have a stronger effect on the pollution reduction timing, while socioeconomic developments will have a greater impact on the absolute pollution level. A 1.5 ∘ C policy target may prevent all regions from exceeding the annual average limit for all pollutants considered, except PM 2 . 5 . We emphasize the importance of considering exposure air quality indices, when assessing sustainable policies, as being more informative rather than a population-weighted average index.

scholarly journals HTAP_v2: a mosaic of regional and global emission gridmaps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 12867-12909 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Janssens-Maenhout ◽  
M. Crippa ◽  
D. Guizzardi ◽  
F. Dentener ◽  
M. Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Emission Mitigation

Abstract. The mandate of the Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP) under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to improve the scientific understanding of the intercontinental air pollution transport, to quantify impacts on human health, vegetation and climate, to identify emission mitigation options across the regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and to guide future policies on these aspects. The harmonization and improvement of regional emission inventories is imperative to obtain consolidated estimates on the formation of global-scale air pollution. An emissions dataset has been constructed using regional emission gridmaps (annual and monthly) for SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3, PM10, PM2.5, BC and OC for the years 2008 and 2010, with the purpose of providing consistent information to global and regional scale modelling efforts. This compilation of different regional gridded inventories, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s for USA, EPA and Environment Canada's for Canada, the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)'s for Europe, and the Model Inter-comparison Study in Asia (MICS-Asia)'s for China, India and other Asian countries, was gap-filled with the emission gridmaps of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv4.3) for the rest of the world (mainly South-America, Africa, Russia and Oceania). Emissions from seven main categories of human activities (power, industry, residential, agriculture, ground transport, aviation and shipping) were estimated and spatially distributed on a common grid of 0.1° × 0.1° longitude–latitude, to yield monthly, global, sector-specific gridmaps for each substance and year. The HTAP_v2.2 air pollutant gridmaps are considered to combine latest available regional information within a complete global dataset. The disaggregation by sectors, high spatial and temporal resolution and detailed information on the data sources and references used will provide the user the required transparency. Because HTAP_v2.2 contains primarily official and/or widely used regional emission gridmaps, it can be recommended as a global baseline emission inventory, which is regionally accepted as a reference and from which different scenarios assessing emission reduction policies at a global scale could start. An analysis of country-specific implied emission factors shows a large difference between industrialised countries and developing countries for all air pollutant emissions from the energy and industry sectors, but not from the residential one. A comparison of the population weighted emissions for all world countries, grouped into four classes of similar income, reveals that the per capita emissions are, with increasing income group of countries, increasing in level but also in variation for all air pollutants but not for aerosols.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC MODELLING TOOL FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION PROJECTIONS IN RELATION TO GHG MITIGATION MEASURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Peteris Rivza ◽  
Ivars Mozga ◽  
Laima Berzina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Impact

The present research study outlines a methodology for assessing agricultural production forecasts in Latvia with regard to the outcome of GHG emissions. A dynamic model was developed, which allows assessment of effects of various decisions and measures on agricultural production. The model consists of several mutually connected blocks: 1) modelling of agricultural indicators with relation to macroeconomic indicators; 2) calculation of GHG emissions according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines; 3) scenarios for analysing the impact on emissions by various mitigation measures, and 4) results for summarising the modelling outcome. The developed model may be used as a decision support tool for impact assessment of various measures to reduce emissions and for seeking solutions to GHG emission mitigation by agricultural policy decisions. The model was developed using the Powersim Studio software.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Climate Change and Air Pollution: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6785
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Yuqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Industrial Carbon

Since entering the industrialized era, China’s greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions have increased rapidly. China is the country with the most greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also facing serious local air pollution problems. China’s industrial sector is the largest contributor to CO2 and air pollutants. The resulting climate change and air pollution issues have caused China to face double pressures. This article uses the CO2 and comprehensive air pollutant emission data of China’s industrial sector as a starting point and uses econometric research methods to explore the synergy between China’s industrial carbon emission reduction and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emission reduction. The synergistic effect between industrial carbon emissions and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emissions has been quantified, and the transmission path of the synergistic effect has been explored. The empirical results show that there are benefits of synergistic governance between climate change and air pollution in China’s industrial sector. Every 1000 tons of carbon reduction in the industrial sector will result in 1 ton of comprehensive air pollutant reduction. The increase in R&D expenditure in the energy and power sector can significantly promote the reduction of air pollutants in the industrial sector. Increasing the intensity of environmental regulations is the main expansion path for synergy. However, in eastern, central, and western China, the synergy is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regionally differentiated emission reduction policies. The research conclusions of this article can provide policy references for the coordinated governance of climate change and air pollution in China.

AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN BATAM: AN OVERVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Triwinarko ◽  
Dwi Kartikasari ◽  
Didi Istardi ◽  
Syafei Ghozali ◽  
Dian Mulyaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Electronics Manufacturing ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines

This paper aims at providing high quality air pollutant emissions analysis, so that policy makers have reliable information in shaping environmental priorities. The study was conducted in Batam, a special economic zone that is packed by industries.Emissions of NOx, CO, SOx, PM10,  and HC were estimated using the 2013 EMEP/EEA methods and those of COx were estimated using the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines, both were tier 2 methods where applicable. We found that powerplants, large-scale heavy industrymetals and mobile sources were important emission sources, while area sources such ashotels, hospitals, restaurants, universities, banks, malls, vehicle repairs, housings, gas stations, facilities under constructions, landfills, and electronics manufacturing companiescontributed much less significant to the total emissions. By mapping all sources, we found that the air pollution sources densely populated along the main streets. Conclusively, this paper recommends some measures to improve the overall air quality in Batam.  

OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION FOR PULVERIZED PALM BIOMASS USING AIR

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Aiman Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi Mohd Fuad ◽  
Mohd Faizal Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Combustion Properties

Torrefaction is one of the promising ways to utilize abundant amount of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) while upgrading the combustion properties of both types of palm biomass. However, the supply of costly inert gas during torrefaction process such as nitrogen in large industrial sector may not be economical. Therefore, in the present study, air is used instead of nitrogen for the torrefaction process. The EFB and PKS were torrefied separately in a 60 mm diameter and 300 mm length of horizontal tubular reactor under various temperatures of 150°C to 190°C and 210°C to 250°C, respectively for 30 minutes using air. The torrefaction with nitrogen was also performed for comparison purpose. At the respective maximum temperature, energy yields of the torrefied EFB for the case of oxidative (air) torrefaction and nitrogen torrefaction are around 95% and 88%, respectively while energy yields of PKS for the case of oxidative(air) and nitrogen torrefaction are around 69% and 83%, respectively due to the weight loss after removal of volatile matter during torrefaction process. Besides that, the calorific values are enhanced after being torrefied with air (mere 4% for EFB and 18% for PKS when the respective maximum temperature was used).

scholarly journals Changes in Greek industry and their effect on air pollutant emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Gas Penetration

Energy use in Greek Industry, fuel mix changes and contribution of major sectors from 1960 to 2004 are presented and analysed. Energy related air pollutant emissions are estimated and presented too. Energy use in Industry has shown a growing trend. Residual fuel oil was the predominant energy form, but with decreasing share, while electricity had a remarkable and steadily increasing share, reflecting changes in industrial equipment towards more automated production processes. Natural Gas started to contribute to energy mix in late ’90s. Emissions followed energy’s growth but with lower rates, since ‘dirty fuels’ use grew slower than electricity, which is a ‘clean fuel’ in final uses. Sectors with the greater contribution in energy use and air pollutant emissions were ‘Basic Metals’ and ‘Chemical’ from 1960 to 1975, while after 1985 ‘Non-metallic Minerals’ and ‘Energy’ sectors had the greater contribution. More than 50% of the countries industrial units are located close to Athens. In 2003, Attica’s share to total industry’s emissions was lower than the share of industries, while neighbouring prefectures’ share was higher. The share of ‘dirty’ industries is higher in the neighbouring to Attica prefectures, while in Attica the share of industries using mainly electricity (‘clean’ final energy form) is higher. The enlargement of natural gas penetration together with energy saving measures will affect positive any emission reduction policy.

A COMPARISON STUDY OF WATER FILTERING MATERIALSMADE FROM EXTRACTED PALM FRUIT FIBREAND PALM KERNEL SHELL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2663
Author(s):  
Jamaliah Idris ◽  
Siti Fadira Osman ◽  
Eyu Gaius ◽  
Chukwuekezie Christian
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell
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