scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Composite from Recycled Polypropylene Reinforced with Mengkuang Leaf Fiber

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zaki Abdullah ◽  
Nasrul Haziq Che Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Due to environmental concerns, plastic recycling and natural fiber composites have been given more attention lately. In Malaysia, mengkuang leaf fiber (MLF) has been identified as a potential candidate to be used as a reinforcing fiber. The combination of recycled polypropylene (r-PP) and MLF could result in an inexpensive and sustainable composite. However, the mechanical properties of this composite have not been fully studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate tensile, flexural and impact properties of r-PP/MLF composites with and without sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP). The composite consisted of 60 wt.% of r-PP and 40 wt.% of MLF. The composite was compounded by twin-screw extruder and test specimens were fabricated using an injection molding process. Generally, the tensile and flexural properties showed improvements, especially those with MAPP and alkaline treatment, compared to neat r-PP. Improvements in tensile strength and modulus of approximately 28% and 224% were achieved for r-PP/Treated MLF/MAPP composite respectively. However, an adverse effect was observed in the impact strength of the composite, which was expected due to the nature of short fiber employed in this work.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Elastomer Biocomposites Filled with Cereal Straw Fibers Obtained with Different Processing Methods—Preparation and Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Miedzianowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Crop Waste ◽  
Processing Techniques

This work is focused on thermoplastic elastomers composites (TPEs) reinforced with straw. Crop waste with different particle size was used as a filler of ethylene-octene rubber (EOR). Application of cheap and renewable natural fiber like straw into a TPE medium is not fully recognized and explored. The effect of fiber orientation induced by two processing techniques on the different mechanical properties of composites was investigated. Microscopic images were used to present the tested straw fractions and observe the arrangement and dispersion of fibers in the polymer matrix. It was found that the usage of an injection molding process allowed for the forming of a more homogenous dispersion of short fiber particles in the elastomer matrix. An oriented straw filler and polymer chains resulted in the improved mechanical strength of the whole system as evidenced by the obtained values of tensile strength almost two times higher for injected composites. In addition, all composites showed very good resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, where the aging factor oscillated within the limits of one, regardless of the processing method and the amount of bioadditive used. On the other hand, vulcanized composites were characterized by greater tear resistance, for which Fmit values increased by up to 600% compared to the reference sample.

Pengembangan Mesin Pencacah Sampah/Limbah Plastik Dengan Sistem Crusher dan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Junaidi - ◽  
Ichlas Nur ◽  
Nofriadi - ◽  
Rusmardi -
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Lower Frame

Waste plastic mounting, but can be recycled into other products in the form of granules before further processed into pellets and seed injection molding process produces products such as buckets, plates, bottles and other beverages. To be processed into the required form of granules of plastic thrasher. Though so small plastic recycling industry is still constrained in plastic enumeration process because the machine used was not optimal ability. The purpose of this research is the development of the system thrasher plastic crusher and cutter cylinder-type reel and technical evaluation. This study was conducted over two years, the first year the design and manufacture of machinery, the second year is a technical evaluation of the engine, engine performance improvements and economic analysis of granular plastic products.From the results obtained engine design capacity of the machine ± 350 kg / h, the engine size is 50 cm x 120 cm x 30 cm, power motor of 10 HP at 1450 RPM rotation with 3 phase. Some of the major components of the engine that is, counter crusher unit consists of two counter rotating cylinders opposite, counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 58 cm, blade chopper Ø 17 cm x 2 cm with the number of teeth / blades 7 pieces and the number of blades along shaft 7 pieces, buses retaining Ø 10 cm x 2 cm. Counter-cylinder unit consists of a reel-type cutter counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 90 cm, the middle shaft mounted cylinder with Ø 17 cm x 40 cm as the holder of the chopper blades. Chopper blade consists of 4 pieces with a size of 40 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm with ASSAB materials. Furthermore, as the blade retaining bedknife shear force of the blade chopper, upper frame, lower frame, strainer, funnel entry, exit funnel, and the drive unit consists of an electric motor, reducer, belts, pulleys and 2 pieces of gear transmission. The results of performance testing machine crusher round cylinder 75 RPM and 1450 RPM reel-type cutting machine capacity ± 300 kg / h on the filter hole Ø 1.5 cm, with a 80% grain uniformity.

Effect of surface density and fiber length on the porosity and permeability of nonwoven flax reinforcement

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (15) ◽  
pp. 1776-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Habibi ◽  
Édu Ruiz ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun ◽  
Luc Laperrière
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an experimental study and modeling of the influence of surface density and fiber length on the permeability of novel nonwoven flax fiber manufactured by the paper making process. Firstly, the relation between surface density, fiber lengths and pore size distribution measured with a porometer capillary instrument is reported in this study. The results show that higher surface density gives a denser fibrous network with a low porosity rate and longer fiber decreases the total number of fibers and increases the pore size for a given surface density. A liquid permeability study was then carried out to identify the impact of surface density, short fiber length and fiber volume fraction on in-plane impregnation of the reinforcement. Permeability was found to be inversely proportional to the reinforcement of surface density. In contrast, an increase of the fiber length increases the in-plane permeability of the reinforcement. Finally, a mathematical modeling is proposed to predict the permeability behavior of these innovative natural fiber webs.

Prediction of Elastic Modulus of Glass Short Fiber/Wood Powder/Polypropylene Hybrid Composites

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yu ◽  
Manabu Nomura ◽  
Hiroyuki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Orientation Factor ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Molding Process

Recent years, thermoplastics incorporated with particulate fillers have been gained high interests. To improve the mechanical properties of the natural particle reinforced polymer plastics, hybrid structure has been applied on the composite combining natural particle with stronger synthetic fibers. However, the reinforcing mechanism of the hybrid composite is quite complicated. Experiments on it may become time consuming and cost prohibitive. Therefore, researchers are interested in studying variable models to predict the elastic properties of the composites. In this study, glass short fiber/wood particle/pp hybrid composites were prepared by injection molding process at a fixed reinforcement to matrix ratio of 51:49. 4 kinds of hybrid specimens with glass fiber/wood particle ratios of 41:10, 31:20, 21:30 and 11:40 were fabricated. The effect of hybridization content on the mechanical properties of the composites was evaluated based on tensile test. Theoretically, the elastic modulus of hybrid composites was predicted by using the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM) equation and classical lamination theory (CLT) and the accuracy of the two estimation models has been discussed. Results showed that it can be considered the hybridization of wood powder into glass/PP composite could contribute to a similar high elastic modulus with high green degree. On the other hand, the fiber orientation factor, fiber length distribution factor, powder dispersion factor were very important factors and need to be considered in the prediction model.

scholarly journals Effects of a Phosphorus Flame Retardant System on the Mechanical and Fire Behavior of Microcellular ABS

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Realinho ◽  
David Arencón ◽  
Marcelo Antunes ◽  
José Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
The Impact

The present work deals with the study of phosphorus flame retardant microcellular acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) parts and the effects of weight reduction on the fire and mechanical performance. Phosphorus-based flame retardant additives (PFR), aluminum diethylphosphinate and ammonium polyphosphate, were used as a more environmentally friendly alternative to halogenated flame retardants. A 25 wt % of such PFR system was added to the polymer using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, microcellular parts with 10, 15, and 20% of nominal weight reduction were prepared using a MuCell® injection-molding process. The results indicate that the presence of PFR particles increased the storage modulus and decreased the impact energy determined by means of dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis and falling weight impact tests respectively. Nevertheless, the reduction of impact energy was found to be lower in ABS/PFR samples than in neat ABS with increasing weight reduction. This effect was attributed to the lower cell sizes and higher cell densities of the microcellular core of ABS/PFR parts. All ABS/PFR foams showed a self-extinguishing behavior under UL-94 burning vertical tests, independently of the weight reduction. Gradual decreases of the second peak of heat release rate and time of combustion with similar intumescent effect were observed with increasing weight reduction under cone calorimeter tests.

Analysis of Additive Alignment in a 90∘ Elbow Channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050032
Author(s):  
Hoang Minh Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Dong-Wook Oh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Corner Region ◽  
Liquid Polymer

Short-fiber reinforced polymer composites have been widely used in industrial applications due to high strength-to-weight ratio, versatile manufacturing process, and etc. The alignment of fiber type additives plays an important role in the mechanical properties of a composite material. In this paper, an injection molding process was imitated with a liquid polymer composite flow inside a [Formula: see text] elbow channel. We performed a flow visualization experiment and analyzed the additive alignment of carbon fiber flowing in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) medium. By analyzing the flow visualization images, the angle changes at the corner region of the elbow channel were calculated. At the corner region, the change of passage direction leads to the change of fiber orientation. It was observed that near to the convex region, fibers have angle change values larger than the fibers traveling near to the concave region.

Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Shojaeiarani ◽  
Dilpreet Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Biopolymers are emerging materials with numerous capabilities of minimizing the environmental hazards caused by synthetic materials. The competitive mechanical properties of bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a huge interest in improving the mechanical properties of the corresponding nanocomposites. To obtain optimal properties of PLA-CNC nanocomposites, the compatibility between PLA and CNCs needs to be improved through uniform dispersion of CNCs into PLA. The application of chemical surface functionalization technique is an essential step to improve the interaction between hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic CNCs. In this study, a combination of a time-efficient esterification technique and masterbatch approach was used to improve the CNCs dispersibility in PLA. Nanocomposites reinforced by 1, 3, and 5 wt% functionalized CNCs were prepared using twin screw extrusion followed by injection molding process. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of pure PLA and nanocomposites were studied through tensile, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis. The impact fractured surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical test results exhibited that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of nanocomposites improved by 70% and 11% upon addition of functionalized CNCs into pure PLA. The elongation at break and impact strength of nanocomposites exhibited 43% and 35% increase as compared to pure PLA. The rough and irregular fracture surface in nanocomposites confirmed the higher ductility in PLA nanocomposites as compared to pure PLA. The incorporation of functionalized CNCs into PLA resulted in an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in tan δ intensity which was more profound in nanocomposites reinforced with 3 wt% functionalized CNCs.

Fatigue behavior of pure polypropylene and recycled polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman MM Abdelhaleem ◽  
M Megahed ◽  
D Saber
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Short Glass Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Short Glass

In this study, the fatigue behavior of recycled polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber with different weight fractions (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%) was compared to pure polypropylene under dry and wet conditions. The specimens were manufactured using injection molding process. The results show that addition of short glass fiber to recycled polypropylene resulted in increasing water uptake compared to pure polypropylene. However, flexural fatigue strength of recycled polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber with 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% exhibits higher relative fatigue strength than pure polypropylene under dry and wet conditions. Fatigue strength increases with the increase in fiber contents increased in recycled polypropylene matrix.

A Finite Element Based Partitioned Coupling Method for the Simulation of Flow-Induced Fiber Motion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Peng ◽  
Dongdong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Effect ◽  
Mixed Finite Element ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Coupling Method ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Fiber Motion ◽  
Coupling Strategy

Abstract A finite element based partitioned coupling method is presented for the simulation of flow-induced fiber motion in this paper. Quasi-static Stokes equation is used as the governing equation of the fluid domain. Mixed finite element is used to solve it. Fiber motion is modeled as a nonlinear geometric dynamic problem. Total-Lagrangian incremental finite element method is used to address the nonlinear geometry. Bathe method is applied to discretize the time domain. Then, two domains are coupled by a loosely partitioned coupling strategy. The derived method can be applied to the simulations of fiber motion in the low Reynolds number fluid, e.g. an injection molding process for manufacturing short fiber reinforced composite materials. In this paper, the effects of fiber shape, axis ratio of fiber, and boundary effect on the fiber’s motion are discussed. A phenomenon of repulsion is found in a simulation of the double-particle motion immersed in the double Couette flow.

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