scholarly journals The Resource Base of Silica Glass Sand versus Glass Industry Development: The Case of Poland

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Anna Burkowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Galos ◽  
Katarzyna Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Glass Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Continue Production ◽  
Glass Silica ◽  
Glass Sand ◽  
Increasing Demand

The production of glass in Poland, especially of container and flat glass, has constantly risen for at least 30 years. New investments in this sector, which have recently been completed or are currently in progress, create optimistic prospects for further development of this industry, whose total annual production capacities in the next few years is expected to exceed 4 million tons. This will result in increasing demand for basic glass-making raw materials, especially high-quality silica sand (glass sand), which can be satisfied almost entirely from domestic sources. Poland as a country with a considerable resource base of these mineral raw materials, has noted a constantly growing production level that currently reaches approximately 2.8 million tons per year. This paper aims to characterize and interpret the development trends in the Polish glass industry in an international context, as well as the resulting increase in demand for glass sand. In this context, an attempt was made to answer questions concerning the sufficiency of the Polish domestic resource base for the production of glass sand. For this study, the leading recent international and Polish analyses, related to glass industry development, the resource base of glass silica sand, and the management of these types of sand, were taken into account, and were complemented by official statistical data and surveying of domestic glass producers. The performed analysis showed that when taking into account the available glass sand resources in developed deposits in Poland, it is possible to continue production at the existing or a slightly increasing level for another 20–25 years. Based on a more comprehensive perspective, however, it would be a good approach to continue providing access to those parts of currently extracted deposits of silica sand and sandstone that are now located outside of the existing exploitation licenses, as well as enabling the development of some satellite deposits in the Tomaszów Basin, which may prove difficult due to environmental factors.

scholarly journals The development of the glass industry in central Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Mikoláš ◽  
Jan Drenda ◽  
Tomáš Pechar ◽  
Jaromír Tvrdý ◽  
Martin Mikoláš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Skills

Abstract A modern society is characterized by functional infrastructure and sufficient number and variety of materials in the form of various technical goods. All these civilization achievements are not only the result of human skills, but their material principles are based on industrial minerals. This group of materials includes a wide range of the natural raw materials which are used in many industries. This includes the raw materials for the manufacture of glass, ceramics or fillers. In 2014 was complete three-year international development aid project under the title “The Development of the Glass Industry in Central Vietnam”. The aim of the project was to find suitable sources of raw materials in formulations for glass production based on previously proven Phong Dien deposit of glass sand. Works carried out for the Czech Development Agency the GET Company from Czech Republic, Prague. In addition to the optimisation of the glass batch, detailed technological research was also implemented with the goal of achieving the full utilisation of Vietnamese raw materials for the manufacture of high quality glass. The production programme may be varied - focusing not only on the purest crystal type glass, but also on flat glass and container glass and even coloured glass.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽  
Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽  
Kiki Nurwanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

scholarly journals Global Warming Potential of a New Waterjet-Based Recycling Process for Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Leonard Kurz ◽  
Mojtaba Faryadras ◽  
Ines Klugius ◽  
Frederik Reichert ◽  
Andreas Scheibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the need for vehicle battery raw materials is increasing. The traction battery (TB) of an electric vehicle, usually a lithium-ion battery (LIB), represents the largest share of a BEV’s CO2 footprint. To reduce this carbon footprint sustainably and to keep the raw materials within a closed loop economy, suitable and efficient recycling processes are essential. In this life cycle assessment (LCA), the ecological performance of a waterjet-based direct recycling process with minimal use of resources and energy is evaluated; only the recycling process is considered, waste treatment and credits for by-products are not part of the analysis. Primary data from a performing recycling company were mainly used for the modelling. The study concludes that the recycling of 1 kg of TB is associated with a global warming potential (GWP) of 158 g CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Mechanical removal using a water jet was identified as the main driver of the recycling process, followed by an air purification system. Compared to conventional hydro- or pyrometallurgical processes, this waterjet-based recycling process could be attributed an 8 to 26 times lower GWP. With 10% and 20% reuse of recyclate in new cells, the GWP of TBs could be reduced by 4% and 8%, respectively. It has been shown that this recycling approach can be classified as environmentally friendly.

PROSPECTS FOR LOCAL MINERAL AND RAW MATERIALS USE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION OF GOMEL REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Lishtvan ◽  
Boris V. Kurzo ◽  
Oleg M. Gaidukevich ◽  
Alexandr I. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Clay Deposits

The results of the study of the resource potential of Lelchitsky and adjacent regions are presented. It is shown that the raw materials for the production of crushed stone and natural stone in the amount of 1 million m3 is actively extracted in the region with the prospect of volume increasing up to 10 million m3. In addition, peat and sapropel are mined for the production of organic fertilizers, feed additives and drilling fluids. Brown coal and bentonite clay deposits are promising for mining. Peat, sapropel and brown coal should be considered to be raw materials for complex deep processing with the release of more products and materials with high added value. The obtained results allow to conclude that the development of Lelchitsky region and the economic feasibility of building Polesie section of the railway is possible only through integrated development and the most complete use of the entire resource base of the region.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Consumption of Indonesian Flat Glass Industry PT. X Based on Green Industry Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Reviana Revitasari ◽  
Bambang Heru Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The natural resource consumption is higher along with the increasing needs of people in various sectors, which affect the environment directly or indirectly. Especially for energy consumption, the supply and availability of fossil energy, as a non-renewable energy, are increasingly depleted and not guaranteed in the long run, coupled with the issue of emissions generated. The industrial sector as a driver of the national economy, including the flat glass industry as a case study, is an energy intensive sector. Almost 83% of its energy consumption used for operating the furnaces as the main production unit with temperature up to 1700 °C continuously about 15 years. The increasing of effectiveness and efficiency of energy consumption in the glass manufacturing process will affect significantly to sustainable production in PT. X and gives many other valuable impacts to the economic growth, environment, and society. So, this study analyzes about the energy consumption in PT. X based on Green Industry Standards, believed as a proper strategy, the benchmark of some standards or related regulations for energy consumption in several countries, and the opportunity of the green industry concept implementation in the glass manufacturing process. The methods were studied of literature, plant observation, interview, and data calculation manually and using spreadsheets. The results indicate that the Flat Glass Industry PT. X requires the improvement to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of energy consumption to get the sustainable production.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Gelatin from Skin By-Products of Seabream, Seabass and Rainbow Trout Reared in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12104
Author(s):  
Jesus Valcarcel ◽  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽  
Daniel Hermida-Merino ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
First Case ◽  
Imino Acids ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
A Minor ◽  
By Products

The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends point to a growing share of aquaculture in fish production, so we have chosen three established aquaculture species to study the properties of gelatin extracted from their skin: rainbow trout, commonly filleted; and seabass and seabream, marketed whole until very recently. In the first case, trout skin yields only 1.6% gelatin accompanied by the lowest gel strength (96 g bloom), while yield for the other two species exceeds 6%, and gel strength reaches 181 and 229 g bloom for seabass and seabream, respectively. These results are in line with the proportion of total imino acids analyzed in the gelatin samples. Molecular weight profiling shows similarities among gelatins, but seabass and seabream gelatins appear more structured, with higher proportion of β-chains and high molecular weight aggregates, which may influence the rheological properties observed. These results present skin by-products of seabream, and to a minor extent seabass, as suitable raw materials to produce gelatin through valorization processes.

scholarly journals Study on domestic market of medicinal products of plant origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
V. M. Minarchenko ◽  
A. Yu. Butko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Active Substances

The popularity of herbal remedies and medicines, with the participation of biologically active substances from plants is traditionally high. The annual increase of the domestic market for herbal remedies is due to the preservation and modernization of production capacities for processing of medicinal vegetative raw materials in Ukraine, introduction of modern scientific developments, a large natural resource base of medicinal plants and attracting investments in the development of this industry. The aim of our work was the study of the domestic market of medicines of plant origin, which includes herbal remedies, substances and preparations with the participation of biologically active substances from plants. The object of the study was domestic medicines of plant origin that are registered in Ukraine for 2012–2017. The study used the analytical, statistical methods, and the results of its own resource studies of medicinal plants. Phytopharmaceutical market of Ukraine is actively developing due to the attraction of new types of medicinal plants and expanding the range of medicines. The number of domestic drugs with the participation of biologically active substances from plants has increased by 17.4% compared with 2014. It is established that as of 1 January 2017 in Ukraine was 1 141 the form of medicinal drugs of plant origin. Of them: 645 – domestic products, 496 – foreign. Most of the herbal drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are made from wild and cultivated domestic raw materials.

scholarly journals Ensuring Sustainability of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia Pumila) Through Ex-Situ Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Farah Fazwa Md Ariff ◽  
Norhayati Saffie ◽  
Syafiqah Nabilah Samsul Bahari ◽  
Mohamad Zaki Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Asri Lias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Labisia Pumila ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Over Exploitation

Labisia pumila or locally known as Kacip Fatimah of the family Myrsinaceae is one of the popular herbal species in Malaysia. The leaves or the whole plant are being traditionally used to treat women internal problem and health. Other medicinal uses of the plant are as a treatment for dysentery, flatulence, dysmenorrhoea and gonorrhoea. The increasing demand of the plants for those usages has lead to the over-exploitation in the wild and might endanger the species if no conservation activities are being carried out. Beside the danger of extinction, the species also experience severe genetic loss and shortage of raw materials. Realizing to this, Plant Improvement Programme of Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) has taken an initiative to ex-situ conserve the species through the establishment of germplasm and development of breeding strategy. The purpose is to avoid extinction of the species and to produce high quality planting materials for commercial production. This paper discusses the collection, selection, propagation and establishment of clonal bank/germplasm of the species. It is anticipated that with the initiative, the sustainability of the species can be ensured to support the industries demand in the future.

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