scholarly journals Cropland Product Fusion Method Based on the Overall Consistency Difference: A Case Study of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Zhong ◽  
Chang Luo ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Lifei Wei ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Fusion Process ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spatial Positioning ◽  
The Impact

There is inconsistency between the existing remote sensing cropland products, whose accuracy of estimated cropland area and spatial positioning needs to be improved. The existing generalized methods of generating synergy cropland products for improving the accuracy of existing products do not consider the overall consistency difference between the different products in each grid cell in the fusion process. To reduce the impact of the abnormal estimated cropland areas of the individual cropland products on the results, this paper proposes a method of generating a synergy cropland product by fusing the multiple existing cropland products, based on the overall consistency difference. In the proposed method, the process of fusing the multiple existing cropland products is based on the overall consistency difference of the estimated cropland area of all the cropland products in each grid cell. The synergy cropland product is then generated after determining the best combination level with the cropland statistics. In this study, we set 2010 as the base year, and used the proposed method to conduct experiments with four remote sensing cropland products: GlobCover 2009, MODIS Cropland, MCD12Q1, and FROM-GLC within China, and national cropland statistics. The results show that the synergy cropland product generated by the proposed method has a higher accuracy of cropland area estimation and spatial positioning than the results obtained by the generalized model, as well as the original products.

scholarly journals Multitemporal Mapping of Post-Fire Land Cover Using Multiplatform PRISMA Hyperspectral and Sentinel-UAV Multispectral Data: Insights from Case Studies in Portugal and Italy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3982
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
William Frodella ◽  
Guglielmo Rossi ◽  
Sandro Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2

Wildfires have affected global forests and the Mediterranean area with increasing recurrency and intensity in the last years, with climate change resulting in reduced precipitations and higher temperatures. To assess the impact of wildfires on the environment, burned area mapping has become progressively more relevant. Initially carried out via field sketches, the advent of satellite remote sensing opened new possibilities, reducing the cost uncertainty and safety of the previous techniques. In the present study an experimental methodology was adopted to test the potential of advanced remote sensing techniques such as multispectral Sentinel-2, PRISMA hyperspectral satellite, and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) remotely-sensed data for the multitemporal mapping of burned areas by soil–vegetation recovery analysis in two test sites in Portugal and Italy. In case study one, innovative multiplatform data classification was performed with the correlation between Sentinel-2 RBR (relativized burn ratio) fire severity classes and the scene hyperspectral signature, performed with a pixel-by-pixel comparison leading to a converging classification. In the adopted methodology, RBR burned area analysis and vegetation recovery was tested for accordance with biophysical vegetation parameters (LAI, fCover, and fAPAR). In case study two, a UAV-sensed NDVI index was adopted for high-resolution mapping data collection. At a large scale, the Sentinel-2 RBR index proved to be efficient for burned area analysis, from both fire severity and vegetation recovery phenomena perspectives. Despite the elapsed time between the event and the acquisition, PRISMA hyperspectral converging classification based on Sentinel-2 was able to detect and discriminate different spectral signatures corresponding to different fire severity classes. At a slope scale, the UAV platform proved to be an effective tool for mapping and characterizing the burned area, giving clear advantage with respect to filed GPS mapping. Results highlighted that UAV platforms, if equipped with a hyperspectral sensor and used in a synergistic approach with PRISMA, would create a useful tool for satellite acquired data scene classification, allowing for the acquisition of a ground truth.

Gedeeld leiderschap en proactiviteit in Het Nieuwe Werken

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine J.H. Coun ◽  
Cees J. Gelderman ◽  
José Pérez-Arendsen
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Feedback Culture ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Shared leadership and proactivity in the New Ways of Working Shared leadership and proactivity in the New Ways of Working Increasingly, employees are experiencing so-called New Ways of Working (NWW), facilitated by advanced ICT. They must deal with more autonomy and responsibilities in combination with flexibility in time and location of work. It has been argued that NWW combine well with novel leadership styles, such as shared leadership, although this relationship has not been studied before. Similarly, the expected consequences of NWW on proactivity of employees and teams requires academic investigation. This paper reports on a study on the impact of NWW implementation on shared leadership and the proactivity within SNS REAAL (a large banking and insurance company in the Netherlands). The case study is particularly interesting since NWW employees (N = 51) are compared with non-NWW employees (N = 77). The results confirm that NWW have a positive, significant relationship with team proactivity behaviour. In addition, the implementation of NWW can have an indirect impact on the individual proactivity of employees, which is only effective if team proactivity is promoted. Merely implementing NWW will not result in shared leadership. The findings suggest that NWW characteristics, such as an open feedback culture, more autonomy, and internal entrepreneurship, are most effective in the pursuit of proactivity and shared leadership.

The Role of the Individual in ICT Standardisation

2015 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Kai Jakobs
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Shaping Of Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Standards Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the influence individuals have in the ICT standards development process. The chapter draws upon ideas underlying the theory of the Social Shaping of Technology (SST). Looking through the SST lens, a number of non-technical factors that influence ICT standards development are identified. A literature review on the role of the individual in ICT standards setting and a case study of the IEEE 802.11 Working Group (WG) show that in a standards body's WG, the backgrounds, skills, attitudes, and behaviour of the individual WG members are crucially important factors. Yet, the case study also shows that in most cases employees tend to represent the ideas and goals of their respective employer. The chapter observes that the non-technical factors are ignored all too often in the literature. It argues that a better understanding of the impact and interplay of these factors, specifically including the skills and attitudes of the WG members, will have significant implications both theoretical and managerial.

Additional Opinions and Judicial Diversity at the International Court of Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemi Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Additional opinions—that is, dissenting opinions, separate opinions, and declarations—are, by definition, the primary institutional mechanism through which judges can express their individual views on a particular decision, as distinct from the judgment or decision proclaimed on behalf of the institution. Therefore, within the public sphere they are the principal institutional manifestation of the individual—and thus the individuality—of the judge. Consequently, for those who seek to understand the impact of certain personal characteristics upon how a judge discharges their professional functions and, in turn, the wider institutional and systemic implications of the participation of individuals bearing those characteristics, the study of additional opinions would seem a useful analytical enterprise. Using gender diversity at the International Court of Justice as a case study, the purpose of this chapter is twofold: first, to explain the relationship between diversity and additional opinions, and second, to explore the methodological potential, and challenges, that the study of additional opinions entails.

scholarly journals Prospects of Forage Production in Northern Regions under Climate and Land-Use Changes: A Case-Study of a Dairy Farm in Newfoundland, Canada

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Cordeiro ◽  
Alan Rotz ◽  
Roland Kroebel ◽  
Karen Beauchemin ◽  
Derek Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Impact

Forage production in northern latitudes is challenging and uncertain in the future. In this case-study, the integrated farm system model (IFSM) was used to assess the impact of climate change and cropland expansion scenarios on forage production in a dairy farm in Newfoundland, Canada. Climatic projections indicated increases in temperature in the recent past (1990–2016) and under any future climate (2020–2079), thus enhancing agronomic performance. Temperature increases ranged from 2.8 °C to 5.4 °C in winter and from 3.2 °C to 6.4 °C in spring. Small precipitation increases (<10%) create narrower time windows to perform farm operations in the already stringent condition of excess moisture in the region. Results of land use scenarios including expansions of 20, 30, and 40% in cropland area, out of which 5% was dedicated to corn silage and the remainder to grass-legume mixtures, indicated increased yield and total production. Improvements in grass-legume yield ranged from 8% to 52%. The full range of production increases ranged from 11% to 105%. Increments in corn silage yield ranged from 28% to 69%. Total farm corn silage production increases ranged from 29% to 77%. An attainable cropland expansion of 20% would enable the farm to become self-sufficient in forage production under any climate scenario.

scholarly journals Assessing the Urban Eco-Environmental Quality by the Remote-Sensing Ecological Index: Application to Tianjin, North China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Ruiqing Yang ◽  
Yibo Yang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Longqian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment Method ◽  
The Impact

The remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI), which is built with greenness, moisture, dryness, and heat, has become increasingly recognized for its use in urban eco-environment quality assessment. To improve the reliability of such assessment, we propose a new RSEI-based urban eco-environment quality assessment method where the impact of RSEI indicators on the eco-environment quality and the seasonal change of RSEI are examined and considered. The northern Chinese municipal city of Tianjin was selected as a case study to test the proposed method. Landsat images acquired in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were obtained and processed for three different years (1992, 2005, and 2018) for a multitemporal analysis. Results from the case study show that both the contributions of RSEI indicators to eco-environment quality and RSEI values vary with the season and that such seasonal variability should be considered by normalizing indicator measures differently and using more representative remote-sensing images, respectively. The assessed eco-environment quality of Tianjin was, overall, improving owing to governmental environmental protection measures, but the damage caused by rapid urban expansion and sea reclamation in the Binhai New Area still needs to be noted. It is concluded that our proposed urban eco-environment quality assessment method is viable and can provide a reliable assessment result that helps gain a more accurate understanding of the evolution of the urban eco-environment quality over seasons and years.

The Impact of Disability: A Family Crisis

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Reagles
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Family Crisis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Adjustment To Disability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adjustment Issues ◽  
The Impact

A disability experienced by one family member impacts on all individuals in the family unit and influences their typical pattern of interaction. The process of individual and family adjustment to disability, a family crisis, is seen in a case study of Sam and his diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The individual, family and social adjustment issues, including redefinition of family, social, sexual and work roles, are examined in a real live context. Tentative recommendations for professionals working with families in which an individual becomes disabled are developed from personal interviews with Sam and his family.

Keeping Great Teachers: A Case Study on the Impact and Implementation of a Pilot Teacher Evaluation System

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Robertson-Kraft ◽  
Rosaline S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Retention ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
School Level ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Teacher Survey ◽  
Teacher Evaluation Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research examines the impact of recent teacher evaluation systems; however, we have limited knowledge on how these systems influence teacher retention. This study uses a mixed-methods design to examine teacher retention patterns during the pilot year of an evaluation system in an urban school district in Texas. We used difference-in-differences analysis to examine the impact of the new system on school-level teacher turnover and administered a teacher survey ( N = 1,301) to investigate individual and school-level factors influencing retention. This quantitative analysis was supplemented with interview data from two case study schools. Results suggest that, overall, the new evaluation system did not have a significant effect on teacher retention, but there was significant variation at the individual and school level. This study has important implications for policymakers developing new evaluation systems and researchers interested in evaluating their impact on retention.

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